gzw新gre6-10套阅读部分解析新模考题

1、Darwinedthetheoryofsexual阐述现象osten位学者Darwin 的第一种解释。toheoriginofiousplumageinbirdspecies,ttheornatefeaturesDarwinedthetheoryofsexual阐述现象osten位学者Darwin 的第一种解释。toheoriginofiousplumageinbirdspecies,ttheornatefeaturesmalesareaconsequenceoffemalematebasedonanabstractaestheticsense,notunlike sofanimalbreed

2、ersproducingfancy-varietiesofpigeonsbyconsciouslternativethroughhysicalenergythemostadornedmalesare abletohecompetitionrivalmales. MeanwhileHuxleyed male adornment is instrumental in establishing dominancerelationshipsamongmales:adornmenttthephysicalactivitysaryHowever,Jacobslaterexaminethesfemalech

3、oice,twhatappeared tochoiceofanadornedyafemalewasreally4展开阐述，细节内容。5。5mutualattractiontoacertainreproductivesite. Mateselectionrequiresanawarenessofcharacteristicofareedingsite,be heionofthe male,andmateselectionisrelatedirectlytoadaptivelization. Fromthisinsight,Austintodevelopafood-courtshiptheoryo

4、fmatethe population mostefficientin useof the energy availableinaparticularnichewillbethefittestsurvivethere. Throughnaturalwilltende lizedtoformpopulations,eachadaptedtoutilizetheenergythistisavailableinaparticularnichesofsegregationandlizationpopulationsised byheslesofthefoodheniche. Inparticularc

5、ases,themalemaydisplayfoodtothefemale orfeedittoheceremony, maybe bearing permanent represenionsof specific foods on his plumage, and the female may be attracted to the male for these represenions of theterritorialAustins theory may be appdtothecasefor mate choice among peafowls, whose males “eyespo

6、tted”tailfeathersbearastrikingresemblance to blue berries. According to the food-courtshiptheory,itisbecausetheirplumagetmaleadornmentcouldhaveAustins theory may be appdtothecasefor mate choice among peafowls, whose males “eyespotted”tailfeathersbearastrikingresemblance to blue berries. According to

7、 the food-courtshiptheory,itisbecausetheirplumagetmaleadornmentcouldhaveadualrepellingrivalmalesaswellasattracting1，255能够很 matechoice延伸性内容，推测displayfeatures的其他作ionsoftpeacocksattractay explain why males with the most ontheirtailhavethegreatestmatings. inconsistentsibleroleofthe“eyespots”reproductive

8、competitionamongmalesandinselection,thisexplanationseemsmorenthe tbyselectingmatesaccordingtoperfectionoftheirtail-feather“eyespots”,peahensabletoidentifymateswiththegreatest“fitness”. Thiss,bringingtogethermalesandfemalessimilartastesandphysiologies,mayleadtoSomeofthemaledisplayfeaturesmaycometoinv

9、olvedinspeciesidentification,andsalso 3 位学者对该现象的解释。第二段首句转折，给出Austin Jacobs理论的发展。详细阐述AustinAustin的理论给出正评价， tion和dualfunctionDarwin对然而，Jacobs后来检测了雌性选择配偶的过程，得出结论说雌性对于外形华丽的雄性的选择事实上地点的选择直接相关。从这一见解出发，Austin进一步发展出了一种关于配偶选择的求偶期食物理论：AustinThepassageisprimarilyconcernedcontrasting the role of domination and c

10、ourtship in determining the evolution of bird plumage illustratingtheeffectivenessofa particularapproachtocategorizingvariousevolutionaryinnovationsingthe originsofacurrentlyacceptedscientifictheoryaboutfoodThepassageisprimarilyconcernedcontrasting the role of domination and courtship in determining

11、 the evolution of bird plumage illustratingtheeffectivenessofa particularapproachtocategorizingvariousevolutionaryinnovationsingthe originsofacurrentlyacceptedscientifictheoryaboutfoodandinganewexplanationfortheevolutionaryreasonsbehindtheionofirdtphysicalionplaysegralroleincontributingtospeciesiden

12、tificationof地位和求偶行为在决定鸟类羽毛进化过程中的作用第一段中提到Huxley对于艳丽羽毛的解释是，艳丽的羽毛有助于鸟类获得dominance，所以dominance 在进化过程中选择了那些拥有艳丽羽毛的鸟类而2,3段中的内容则是courtship在进化过程中帮助选择了那些拥有艳丽羽毛的鸟类，因此文章的确提到了role of domination and courtship in determining the evolution of bird plumage，但是文章并没有对这两者近行对比。所以A 不合理。 本文重点不是分析AustinJacobs3种解释后，2，3Austi

13、nJacobs所给出的新的解释，所以，D 选项最准确的概括了文章的主旨。 Forthefollowingquestions,considereachoftheyandselectt Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghavebeenconsideredbytheoriststhroughouthistorysiblereasonsfortheionofmale Adornmentinplumagefrightensrivalsawayfromalimitedfoodsource,therebyensuringaAdornmenttheamount

14、ofenergysarytofrightenrivalmales,therebyconservingmatingtractsfemalestomaleswhoresembletheirpreferredfoodsource,thuscontributingto几种解释都没有提到frightensrivalsawayfromalimitedfood AustinJacobsWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldprovidethebestproofofthefood-courtshiptheorydevelopedThecrestedguanhasaredthroatp

15、ouch,givingthe fruitfoundinitstoitstthe throatcontainsa Thebluebowerbirdspreadsfoodofthesamecoloraroundhisnest,teachingitsfemaleyoungtothe foodas Insect-eatingbirdsarecsfulfromannbirdswhichresemblanceandsubsistuponbrightThepurplefinchsupona varietyoffood,butthemostnutritiousfoodforbirdshappenstobeth

16、esamecolorasthefinchsAspeciesofendangeredsparrowsresemblesa foodsource nolongeravailable initsniche,butthe species continues to survive.对于Austin 理论的理解。 happenstobethesamecolorasthefinchsAspeciesofendangeredsparrowsresemblesa foodsource nolongeravailable initsniche,butthe species continues to survive

17、.对于Austin 理论的理解。 ，因此与Austin，因此与Austin，因此与Austin，因此与AustinThepassageecologicaltasemblancenaspeciesplumageandthefoodavailableinaisanevolutionaryadvantagebecause itallowsthe malesandthe femalesofthe speciestoforageforfood more efficiently.isanevolutionaryadvantagebecauseittendstopermittheisolationofthe

18、speciespopulation,increasingfoodisanevolutionaryadvantagebecauseitthesaryforrivalrynmalesofspeciesbyidentifyisanevolutionaryadvantagebecauseitminimizestheamountofenergysaryfortheisanevolutionaryadvantagebecauseitprovidesamarkerforthespeciesterritory,thusreducingenergysaryforcontrollingtheniches细节题，s

19、emblancenaspeciesplumageandthefoodavailableinagivenecologicalniche foragefor。“permittheisolationofthespeciespopulation” 是正确的，但是“thusincreasingfoodsupply.saryforrivalryspecies与第三段第四句内容对应minimizestheamountofenergyne efficiently territory SomecommunitiesinFloridaarepopulatedalmostexclusivelybyretiredpe

20、opleandcontainfew,ifswithsmallchildren.YetthesecommunitiesarehometothrivingbusinessesoffurnitureforinfantsandsmallheWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,bestreconcilestheseemingdiscrepancydescribedA. The businessesoutsideofherentalofchildrensfurniturebuytheirfurniturefromThe fewchildrenwhodotooneanothershesec

21、ommunitiesallknoweachThe fewchildrenwhodotooneanothershesecommunitiesallknoweachotherandoftenmakeovernightManyresidentsofthesecommunitieswhomovefrequentlypreferrentingtheirfurnituretobuyingit ManyresidentsofthesecommunitiesmustprovidefortheneedsofvisitinggrandchildrenksChildrensfurnitureavailablefor

22、rentalisofthesamequalitytavailablefor hethe CarlJungsedbreakCarlJungSigmundFreud SigmundFreudoccurredbecauseofJungsandunwillingnesstoacceptFreudsviewofthe asthesexualdriveoffulfillment. CarlJungsedbreakCarlJungSigmundFreud SigmundFreudoccurredbecauseofJungsandunwillingnesstoacceptFreudsviewofthe ast

23、hesexualdriveoffulfillment. t libido,ortheurgetowardslife,extendedbeyondsexuality to a hypothetical elan vital, or life energy itself,JungstressedawidenedconsciousnesswherebyGRE文章复杂逻辑theindividualseekstoreconciletheitesofhisherlibidinaltheconsciousasas alandcollective Jungdefinesthisconsciousness,mo

24、reover, thecenteroftheego,andaconsciousasitoryofaltmustbemadeconscious. thecollectiveunconsciousisanarchiveofsymbolic texpressthemselves in fantasies,andactions,andmustalso be conscious. patternsmustttheseotheworldofthewhichisthenforcedtoacknowledgeforthesereasons t the ego-centered consciousness is

25、 not reallyself-sufficientanddoesnotexistindependentlyalone,butis guidedby own egratingfactornotof , JungFreudCarlJungSigmundFreud ， Forthefollowingquestion,considereachoftheyandselecttWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredconcerningFreudspsychologicalFreudtendedtobecriticalofallpsychologistswhodidnotsupp

26、orthis view of the libidoasthe sexual drive of fulfillment.Freud tended to ascribe little importance to the hypothetical elan vital, even questioning its existence. Freudtendedtorestrictthenotionofthelibidotomattersofhumansexuality,ignoringitsbroaderroleasalifeFreud tended to ascribe little importan

27、ce to the hypothetical elan vital, even questioning its existence. Freudtendedtorestrictthenotionofthelibidotomattersofhumansexuality,ignoringitsbroaderroleasalifeFreudFreudJung Freud对于其他心理学家的态度。Freud 对于elan vital 的态度。从第一段“Freudsviewofthelibidoasthesexualdriveof“extended beyond mere sexuality to a h

28、ypothetical elan vital, or life energy itselfFreud 、Accordingtothepassage,thecollectiveunconsciousandthe aconscioushaveincommonwhichBothofthemarehereditary,derivingfromcommoncultural,includingsymbolicBothofthemshareanextricablelinkwiththetshouldbemadeBothofthemcontainrepressed.Bothofthemshareitionat

29、thecenterofthehumanBothofthemincludedreams,fantasies,andtshouldbemade shouldbemadeevident3,4aconsciousJungdefinesthisconsciousness,moreover,asthecenteroftheego,andamustbemadeconscious. Finallythecollectiveunconscious mustalsobemadeconscious.说明 D 选项正确。 sectionHydrothermalventsalongthemid-oceanridges

30、host ephemeralecosystems of diverse fauna, includingseveralcrustaceanspecies,someofdevelopmentaslarvae upto1,000meterssectionHydrothermalventsalongthemid-oceanridges host ephemeralecosystems of diverse fauna, includingseveralcrustaceanspecies,someofdevelopmentaslarvae upto1,000metersabove100kilomete

31、rsawayfromthevents. ForventcrabBythograeathermydron(atstageofsessimage-formingcompoundeyessitivetothebluelightofupperwaters. Astheselarvaeoadulthoodand odescendtoandsettle atvents, they lose their image-forming optics and develophigh-sensitivitynaked-retinaeyes. Withmaturation,thespectralabsorbanceo

32、ftheheseeyesalsoshiftstowardswavelengthsandthisprogressivemetamorphosistradesimagingforincreasedsensitivity, and changes spectral sensitivity to the dim, longer wavelengths of light existing at the bottom of the ocean. As hydrothermal vents produce light, vimaysupplementthermalandchemicalsensestot-l

33、arvalvent1000米之上并距离热液口上百公里远的地方进行的。例如，一 Forthefollowingquestion,considereachoftheyandselecttAccordingtothepassage,theopticalanatomyofBythograeathermydronsacquireswhichofthefeaturesasitgrowsfromlarvatoanadult? Key:Ahighersensitivitytolongerwavelengthsoflight An enhanced ability to form imagesAgreaterr

34、angeof spectral文章第四句说“andchangesspectralsensitivitytothedimlongerwavelengthsoflightexistingat ocean. B. 第三句中“Astheselarvaeoadulthoodandodescendtoandsettleatthe opticsC. 第四句中“Withmaturation,thespectralabsorbanceofthe ocean. B. 第三句中“Astheselarvaeoadulthoodandodescendtoandsettleatthe opticsC. 第四句中“With

35、maturation,thespectralabsorbanceofthevisualheseeyesalsoshifts waelengths Forthefollowingquestion,considereachoftheyandselecttAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowing esdoestheopticsoftheventcrab Theyhe ionsby thecrabnavigate t-larvalTheyassistthecrabsvisuallybypermittinghelight-saturatedupperoceani

36、cTheyhelpthecrabsnavigatebyprovidingthermalandchemicalsensestotheadultcrabt-口。这正是Amaysupplementtot-larval sites.thermalandchemicalsensesthermalandchemicalsensesCQuestion7isbasedonthefollowingreadingestsforpironoma,aseriousdisease,ainfact,theydonot;afalsenegativeresultitiveresulttpeopleronomatpeopled

37、ovronomawhen,infact,theydo.sthelowestproportiondetectpironomamostnsshouldusethelaboratoryitiveWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,givesthemostsupporttomendationTheacceptedtreatmentforpironomadoesvedamagingsideThelaboratorysthelowestproportionitiveresultscausesthesameminoreffectsasdotheotherlaboratorytestsuse

38、dtodetectreatingpironomapatients,itisessentialtodelaycanresultinlossof reatmentasearlysible,sinceevenk TheproportionofinconclusivetestresultsisequalforalllaboratorytestsusedtodetectAlllaboratoryteststodetectpironomahavethesameproportionlsenegativeAre responses to odors acquired as a function of the

39、emotional context in which they are perceived? Researchersrecentlyconductedastudyinwhichanovelodorwas pairedwitheitheritive negative emotional experience. Ratings ted with the test odor varied in accordance with the emotion,t r was perceivedas either congenial or noisome, depending upon the quality

40、of experiencetheOlfactory sensory attributes may produce an unlearned impact when odors are hese fort is experienced simultaneously to odor trigeminal nerve occurs coterminous with olfactory an event occurring when stimulation of Many odors elicit trigeminal stimulation varying degrees, tfort is exp

41、erienced simultaneously to odor trigeminal nerve occurs coterminous with olfactory an event occurring when stimulation of Many odors elicit trigeminal stimulation varying degrees, tthe subjective distinction n r and trigeminal ion is sible make, though scientists have precipitously ventured to sugge

42、st methods. While thesecases may helpwhy one may be immediay repelled by a certain scent, they unfortunay do not allow most scientists to establish which smells trigger innate reactions.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheroleofthetrigeminalexperienceofThe trigeminal nerve

43、plays a actualolfactorysensationore significant he experience of an ing n The trigeminal nerve a negative experience of an ing odor independently of the contextinwhichrwasinitiallyThe trigeminal nerve tends to cause an experience fort in the cases of t are pairedwithnegativeemotional.The functioning

44、 of the trigeminal nerve tends to be largely conditioned according to the pairing sheThe trigeminal nerve generally does not play a role in the experiencing of t create trigeminalnerve和actualolfactorysensation第四句“an event occurring when stimulation of the trigeminal nerve occurs coterminous with olf

45、actory C 选项错误。TheauthorsreactiontotheattemptstocreateexperimentalmeanstodistinguishtrigeminalresponseandodorresponsecanbestbedescribedasoneWitkinsrightlytpopulationmaybedeemedavalidsustainabledevelopmentindicator tsustainabilitycanonlybeimplementedbylimitingWitkinsrightlytpopulationmaybedeemedavalid

46、sustainabledevelopmentindicator tsustainabilitycanonlybeimplementedbylimitingpopulationbelowthecarryingcapacityoftheEarth. thesisworksrelativelywellwhenonetglobalpercapitaconsumptionishomogenous,tglobalecosystemcanperformiformeffectivenessthetasksofsupplyingandassimilatingbutinrealitypopulationeffec

47、tsvarywidelyduetovastregionalinecosystemcharacteristics. largepopulationsexertconsiderablestressontheirecosystems,smallpopulationswithhighratesofcaneclipsetheeffectofopulationsowerratesofconsumption. Percapitaconsumptionenergymayexponentiallyexceedthephysiologicalenergyrequirementsofhumans,tbothandc

48、onsumptionbeoaccount. Witkinsthusignoresthettheimpactofpopulationtendsbemoresignificantonanationalntofconsumptionadjustedpopulation,butona globallevel,ite 把 Theauthorconsidersthe tpopulationaloneisthebestindicatorofsustainabledevelopmentto态度题 3,4,5句说明Witkinsunoriginal inaccurate 中 speculative 确Airturbulencecansubstantiallyacceleratetheappearanceoflargedropletstriggeringrainbyanewmechanism,the“slingeffect”,whichincreasessof edetachedfromairflow. ,vaporcondensationincloudcoressmalldropletsresemblingoneanotherinwhichthenexpandtoraindropsizebycoalescingundertheeffectsofairtur