英语国家概况课后习题(附答案)

1、英语国家概况课后习题（附答案）Chapter1I.Readthefollowingstatementanddecidewhethertheyareture(T)orfalse(F)F1.PeopleindifferentpartsofBritainliketousethenameEnglandtorefertotheircountry.T2.TheSevernRiveristhelongestriverofBritain,whichoriginatesinWalesandflowsthroughwesternEngland.F3.TodaymorethanhalfofthepeopleinWa

2、lesstillspeaktheancientWelshlanguage.F4.Intermsofpopulationandarea,NorthernIrelandisthesecondlargestpartofBritain.F5.AlthoughtheclimateinBritainisgenerallymild,thetemperatureinnorthernScotlandoftenfallsbellow-10CinJanuary.T6.ThemajorityofthepeopleinBritainaredescendantsoftheAnglo-Saxons.T7.TheCeltic

3、peopleweretheearliestknowninhabitantsofBritain.F8.EnglishevolvedintowhatisnowdescribedasModernEnglishfromthelate16thcentury.II.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingstatements.ThetwomainislandsoftheBritishIslesareAB.GreatBritainandShcotlandD.GreatBritainandEnglandB.EdinburghD.CardiffB.Great

4、BritainandShcotlandD.GreatBritainandEnglandB.EdinburghD.CardiffBisthecapitalcityofScotland.BelfastC.LondonAmongthefourpartsoftheUnitedKingdom,Disthesmallest.A.EnglandB.ScotlandC.WalesD.NorthernIrelandEnglishbelongstotheCgroupoftheIndo-Europeanfamilyoflanguages.A.CelticB.NormanD.RomanC.GermanticD.Rom

5、anTheintroductionofChristianitytoBritainaddedthefirstelementof-DwordstoEnglish.A.DanishandFinnishB.DutchandGermanC.FrenchandItalianD.LatinandGreekC.FrenchandItalianD.LatinandGreekTheevolutionofMiddleEnglishwasreinforcedbytheAinfluence.A.NormanB.DutchC.GermanD.DanishSamuelJohnsonsdictionarywasinfluen

6、tialinestablishingastandardformofC.Atpresent,nearlyCoftheworldspopulationscommunicateinEnglish.halfB.aquarterC.onethirdD.onefifth皿.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.WhydotouristfromallovertheworldlikegotoScotland?HowmanyperiodscanthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagebedividedintoandwhatarethey?Wh

7、ydidEnglishbecomemoreimportantaftertheBlackDeath?W.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestions.WhoaretheBritishpeople?WhatisStandardEnglish?Chapter2I.Readthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F).T1.Birtishhistorybefore55BCisbasicallyundocumented.T2.TheAngloSaxoncametoBritaini

8、nthe5thcentury.F3.ThechieforkingoftheAngloSaxontribesexercisedpowerattheirownwill.T4.TheVikingbegantoattacktheEnglishcoastinthe8thcentury.T5.HenryIIbuiltupalargeempirewhichincludedEnglandandmostoffrance.F6.TheMaganaCartawasdesignedtoprotecttherightsofboththeprivilegedclassandtownspeople.F7.TheHundre

9、dYearsWarwasaseriesofwarsfoughtbetweentheBritishandtheVikingsfortradeandterritory.T8.Inanefforttomakeacompromisebetweendifferentreligiousfactions,QueenElizabethIactuallydefendedthefruittheReformation.I.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingstatements.TheDattackonRomeendedtheRomanoccupationi

10、nBritainin410.A.NormanB.DanishC.CelticD.GermanicBythelate7thcentury,DbecamethedominantreligioninEngland.A.CelticChristianityB.AngloSaxonsChristianityC.GermanicChristianityD.RomanChristianityTheCmarkedtheestablishmentoffeudualisminEngland.A.VikinginvasionsB.signingoftheMagnaCartaC.NormanConquestD.ado

11、ptionofcommonlawTheendoftheWarsoftheRosesledtotheruleofCA.theHouseofValoisB.theHouseofYorkC.theHouseofTudorD.theHouseofLancasterThedirectcauseofortheReformationwasKingHenryWsefforttoA.A.divorcehiswifeB.breakwithRomeC.supporttheProtestantD.declarehissupremepoweroverthechurchTheEnglishCivilWarbrokeout

12、in1642betweenBA.theProtestantandthePuritansB.theRoyalistandtheParliamentarianC.thenoblesandthepeasantsD.thearistocratsandtheChristiansAwaspassedaftertheGloriousRevolution.A.TheBillofRightsB.TheActofSupremacyC.TheProvisionsofOxfordD.TheMagnaCartaTheIndustrailRevolutionwasaccomplishedinBritainbythemid

13、dleoftheCcentury.A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20th血Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.WhatwereQueenVictoriasmajorachievements?WhatwerethetwocampsintheWorldWarI?WhydidBritaincooperatecloselywiththeUinitedStatesafterWorldWarII?.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestions.WhatweretheresultsoftheIndustrai

14、lrevolutioninBritain?ExplaintheriseandfalloftheBritishEmpire.Chapter3I.Readthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F).T1.ConventionsareregardedlessimportantthanthestatutorylawintheworkingoftheEnglandgovernment.F2.TheBritishmonarchyhasneverbeeninterruptedthroughoutthehistory.F3.In

15、reality,theBritishKingorQueenisthehouseofallgovernmentpowers.F4.TheBritishParliamentisthelawmakingbodyoftheCommonwealthofNations.F5.ThemembersoftheHouseofCommonsareappointedratherthanelected.T6.TheBritishPrimeMinisteristheleaderoftheminoritypartyinParliament.F7.CabinetmembersarechosenbythePrimeMinis

16、terfromvariouspoliticalpartiesinParliament.T8.ThelegalsystemsinEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIrelandaremuchsimilarintermsoflaw,orgalizationsandpractice.I.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingstatements.TheBritishgovernmentischaracterizedbyadivisionofpowersbetweenthreeofthefollowingbranc

17、hsEXCEPTtheC.A.judiciaryB.legislatureC.monarchyD.executiveTheimportanceoftheBritishmonarchycanbeseeninitseffectonD.A.passingbillsB.advisingthegowernmentsC.politicalpartiesD.publicattitudeAsarevisingchamber,theHouseofLordsisexpectedtoBtheHouseofCommons.A.rivalB.complementC.criticizeD.inspectAisatthec

18、enteroftheBritishpoliticalsystem.A.TheCabinetB.TheHouseofLordsC.TheHouseofCommonsD.ThePrivyCouncilThemaindutyoftheBritishPrivyCouncilistoB.A.makedecisionsB.giveadviceC.passbillsD.supervisetheCabinetGenerallyspeaking,theBritishParliamentoperatesonaBsystem.A.singlepartyB.twopartyC.threepartyD.multipar

19、tyThepoliticesoftheConservativePartyarecharacterizedbypragmatismandD.A.governmentinterventionB.nationalizationofenterprisesC.socialreformD.abeliefinindividualiamInBritain,theparliamentarygeneralelectionisheldeveryCyears.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.sixffl.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.Whataretheth

20、reefunctionsoftheHouseofCommons?WhatkindofpublicimagedoestheLiberalDemocratshaveinBritain?Whyareindependentcandidatesunlikelytowininthegeneralelections?MStateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestions.WhatdoBritishelectoralcampaignsusuallyinvolvesduringtheprocessofageneralelection?WhatistheCommonwealt

21、hofNations?Chapter4I.Readthefollowingstatementanddecidewhethertheyareture(T)orfalse(F)T1.Britainwasthefirstindustrializednationintheworld.T2.TheBritisheconomyexperiencedarelativedeclineduringthepostwarperiod.F3.Limitedresourcesandhighunemploymentratewerepersistent.F4.Thatchersrevolutionturnedouttobe

22、agreatsuccessindealingwithalltheBritisheconomicandsocialproblems.T5.TheeconomicapproachadoptedbyTonyBlairwasdifferentfromthatoftheoldLaborPartyandtheConservetiveParty.T6.BlairmadetheBankofEnglandindependentinodertoseparatepoliticsfromeconomicpolicy.F7.Britainisanimportantoilexportersinceitsoilindust

23、ryhasalonghistory.T8.NuclearpowerisoneofthemajorenergysourcesinBritain.II.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingstatements.TheAintheearly1970sworsenedanalreadystagnanteconomyinBritain.oilcrisisB.highinflationratesC.largeimportsD.unemploymentproblemOfthefollowingpractices,CdidnotbelongtoThat

24、cherssocialwelfarereform.reducingchildbenefitsshorteningtheperiodofunemploymentbenefitsreducingunemploymentloweringoldagepensionTheBlairgovernmentwassuccessfulinthefollowingaspectEXPECTD.A.limitinggovernmentspendingB.keepinginflationundercontrolC.reducingunemploymentD.reducinginequalityBritainhasdev

25、otedaboutCofitslandareatoagriculture.A.50%B.60%C.70%D.80%BritainsimportantfishingareasincludeallthefollowingEXCEPTD.theNorthSeatheEnglishChanneltheareaaroundtheIrishcoasttheseaareabetweenBritainandIrelandCoalminingindustryinBritainprovidesBoftheenergyconsumedinthecountry.A.onethirdB.onefourthC.onefi

26、fthD.twothirdsThecarindustryinBritainismostlyA.A.foreignownedB.stateownedC.jointownedD.privatelyownedOfthefollowingsectorsinBritain,ChasexperiencedspectaculargrowthsincetheendoftheWorldWarI.A.agricultureB.theenergyindustryC.theservicesectorD.themanufacturingindustry皿.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingqu

27、estions.1WhatwasthenegativeaspectofThatchersreformintheearly1980sWhatarethecharactoristicsofBritainsagriculture?WhathappenedtoBritainsbeefindustryinthemid1990s?.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestions.1WhatwerethemajorcausesofBritainsrelativeeconomicdeclineinthepostwarperiod?Whydodevelopednati

28、onslikeBritianencouragethedevelopmentoftheserviceindustry?Chapter5.Readthefollowingstatementanddecidewhethertheyareture(T)orfalse(F).F1.TheBritaingovernmenthasbeenresponsibleforeducationsincetheearly1800s.F2.EducationinBritainiscompulsoryforallchildrenbetweentheagesof6and15.F3.TheNationalCurriculumi

29、scompulsoryinboththestatessystemandtheindependentsystem.T4.Whenchildrenfinishtheirschoolingat16,theyarerequiredtotakeanationalGCSEexamination.T5.GraduatesfromstateschoolsinBritainhavealessfavorablechancetoenterfamousuniversitiesthanthosefromindependentschools.F6.TheTimesistheworldoldestSundaynewspap

30、ers.F7.TheBBCWorldServicebroadcastonlyinEnglishthroughouttheworld.T8.SomeBritishholidaysarecelebratedtomarkimportanteventsintheChristiancalendar,andsomeothersarerelatedtolocalcustomsandtraditions.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingstatements.InBritain,thedivisionbetweengrammerschoolsandv

31、ocationalschoolswasendedbytheintroductionofcomprehensiveschoolsintheD.A.1930sB.1940sC.1950sD.1960sOverCofBritishchildrenreceiveprimaryandsecondaryeducationthroughtheindependentsystem.A.5%B.6%C.7%D.Partiallyfunded8%Partiallyfundedbycentralgovernmentgrants,mostoftheBritishuniversitiesreceivetheremaini

32、ngfundsfromallthefollowingsourcesEXCEPTB.A.tuitionfeesB.loansC.donationsD.corporatecontributionsTobeadmittedtotheOpenUniversity,oneneedsB.someeducationalqualificatonsnoeducationalqualificationstheGeneralCertificateofEducationAdvancedlevel.theGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducationAmongBritainsquality

33、press,thefollowingnewspapersareregardedasthe“BigThree”EXCEPTC.TheTimesB.TheGuardianC.TheObserverD.TheDailyTelegraphLifeOnEarthisakindofCprogramproducedbytheBBCispopularworldwide.A.radioB.dramaC.documentaryD.soapoperaDisBritainstoppaytelevisionprovider.A.BSBB.SkyTVtraditionsareparticularlyBritishB.th

34、eQueentraditionsareparticularlyBritishB.theQueensChristmasmessageD.theChristmaspantomimeThefollowingChristmasEXCEPTA.A.TroopingtheColorC.BoxingDay血Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.WhatusedtobethemajorfunctionsofgrammerschoolsandvocationalschoolsinBritain.WhatkindofsubjectsdoBritishcomprehensi

35、veschoolsprovide?3.InwhatwaysdoBritishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedom?WhatroledoesthemediaplayinBritainleisureculture?.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestions.WhatarethegeneralfeaturesofBritainsindependentschools?Whatarethe“QualityPress”andthe“tabloids”inBritain?Chapter6.Readthefollow

36、ingstatementanddecidewhethertheyareture(T)orfalse(F).F1.TheCanterburyTalesisrepresentativeworkoftheoldEnglishperiod.T2.TheRenaissanceischaracterizedbyadmirationoftheGreekandLatinclassicworks.T3.AsagreatEnglishpeot,AlexanderPopealsotranslatedHomersIliad.F4.JhonathanSwiftisprobablytheforemostprosesati

37、ristintheEnglishlanguage,andRobinsonCrusoeishismasterpiece.F5.WilliamWordsworthamdSumuelTaylorColerdgebroughttheRomanticMovementtoitsheight.F6.LordByrondistinguishedhimselfbythemusicalqualityofhisshortpoems,suchas“OdetotheWestWinds”.F7.JaneAustenisawellknownnovelistofthestreamofconsciousnessschool.T

38、8.JosephConradisclassifiedasaforerunnerofModernism,whichprevailedbeforeWorldWarII.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingstatements.ThemostsignificantachievementoftheEnglishRenaissanceisB.poetryB.dramaC.novelD.pamphletCisviewedasRomanticpoetrys“Declarationofindependence”.A.“IWonderLonelyasaC

39、loud”B.DonJuanC.TheprefacetoLyricalBalladsD.PrometheusUnbound3.OfDickensnovels,Bisconsideredmostautobiographical.A.ATaleofTwoCitiesB.DaviedCopperfiedC.OliverTwistD.GreatExpectationsDisarepresentativeofEnglishCriticalRealismintheturnofthe19thcentury.A.RobertLouisSetevensonB.JohnMiltonC.JosephConardD.

40、ThomasHardyOfthefollowingbooks,CisNOTwrittenbyThomasHardy.A.JudetheObscureB.TessofthedUrbervillesC.AdamBedeD.TheReturnoftheNativeAisnotincludedinthemodernistgroup.A.OscarWildeB.VirginiaWoolfC.WilliamBulterYeatsD.T.S.EliotOfthefollowingwriters,BisNOTaNobelPrizewinner.A.SamuelBeckettB.JamesJoyceC.Will

41、iamGoldingD.V.S.NaipualWaitingforGodotiswrittenbyA.A.SamuelBeckettB.GerogeOrwellC.WilliamGoldingD.D.H.Lawrance皿Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.1WhatarethethreecatergriesofShakespearesplaysandtheirrepresentatives?WhatisCriticalRealism?Whatarethetwonewliterarytrendsprevailingattheendof19thcent

42、ury?Whatisthestreamofconsciousness?.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestions.WhatisRomanticism?WhatarethecharacteristicsofEnglishliterautureinthe20thcentury?Chapter7I.Readthefollowingstatementanddecidewhethertheyareture(T)orfalse(F)F1.TheRepublicofIrelandoccupiestheentireareaoftheislandofIrelan

43、d.F2.TheearliestinhabitantsinIrelandwereCeltictribesfromEurope.F3.Inthe1800s,IrelandgainedinprosperitybecauseitbecameapartofBritain.T4.Inthe1930s,Irelandwasnotindeedarepublic,butbelongedtotheBritishCommonwealthofNations.F5.IrelandseconomywasntaffectedbyWorldWarIIbecauseitremainedneutralduringthewar.

44、F6.In1949,BritainrecognizedtheindependenceoftheIrishRepublicandreturnedthesixnortherncounties.F7.EnglishistheonlyofficiallanguageinIrelandbecausethemajorityofpeoplespeakitastheirmothertongue.T8.CatholicisminIrelandismorethanamerematterofprivatefaith,butofpublicidentity.I.Choosethebestanswertocomplet

45、eeachofthefollowingstatements.-B-establishedaunifiedIrishcultureandlanguageinthe6thcenturyBC.Hunter-gatherersfromBritainB.CeltictribesC.BritishinvadersD.TheVikingsDivergentviewsabout-C-resultedintheIrishCivilWar.theActofUniontheUnilateralDeclarationofIndependencetheAnglo-IrishTreatytheAnglo-IrishAgr

46、eement-C-wasthefirstIrishPresidenttovisitQueenElizabethI.A.EamondeValeraB.JohnA.CostelloC.MaryRobinsonD.AlbertReynolds-D-broughtAnglo-Irishrelationstoanewheight.TheBritishrecognitionoftheIrishRepublicThesigningoftheDowningStreetDeclarationThesigningoftheBelfastAgreementTheIRAsformaldeclarationofthed

47、isarmamentin2005InIreland,theheadofstateis-B-A.thePrimeMinisterB.thePresidentC.theBritishmonarchD.theGeneralGovernor-C-hasbeenthedominantpartyinIrelandsince1930sandsupportspeacefulreunificationoftheislandofIreland.A.FineGaelB.TheLaborPartyC.FiannaFailD.TheProgressiveDemocratsEmigrationinIrelandstart

48、edsincethe-A-A.medievalperiodB.17thcenturyC.GreatPotatoFamineD.early18thcenturyIrelandnowhasa-B-economy.A.agriculture-basedB.knowledge-basedC.industry-basedD.foreigninvestment-based皿.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.WhywasCorkgiventhenickname“theRebelCounty”?Whowerethefirstgroupsofpeoplethatc

49、ametoIreland?WhydidIrelandremainneutralinWorldWarII?.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestions.Whatisthesignificanceofthefollowingdocuments:theActofUnion,theAnglo-IrishTreaty,theAnglo-IrishAgreementandtheBelfastAgreement?WhatarethegoalsofthemainpoliticalpartiesinIreland?Chapter8I.Readthefollowin

50、gstatementanddecidewhethertheyareture(T)orfalse(F).F1.TheeasternhighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRangeholdone-thirdofthecountryscontinentalterritory.T2.TheclimateintheUnitedStatescanbeclassifiedastemperate,withsomemildsubtropicalandtropicalzones.T3.A50-centimeterrainfalllinerunsthroughthemiddleoftheUn

51、itedStates.T4.NewYorkiscomposedoffiveboroughs,includingManhattan,Brooklyn,theBronx,StatenIslandandQueens.F5.SanFranciscoisthesecondlargestcityafterNewYorkandtheworld-famousHollywoodislocatedhere.T6.Duringthe1830sandthe1840s,manyNorthernEuropeansandIrishimmigrantscametoAmerica.T7.Almosthalfoftheimmig

52、rantscomingtotheUnitedStatesinthe1980swereAsians.T8.BasicAmericanculturalvaluesarefreedom,equalityanddesiretoworkhardforahigherstandardofliving.I.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingstatements.TheU.S.liesin-B-NorthAmerica,withCanadatothenorth,MexicotoTOC o 1-5 h zthesouth,theAtlantictoits

53、andthePacifictoits.northern,east,westB.central,east,westC.southern,west,eastD.western,west,eastThecontinentalUnitedStateshas-C-states.A.50B.49C.48D.35Thestateof-A-isthelargestinareaofalltheU.S.states.A.AlaskaB.HawaiiC.TexasD.FloridaThelongestriverintheU.S.is-B-A.theMissouriRiverB.theMississippiRiver

54、C.theOhioRiverD.theLakeItascaSomeoftheworld-famousuniversitieslikeHarvard,YaleandMITarelocatedin-C-.A.theSouthB.theWestC.NewEnglandD.theMidwestSanFrancisco,LosAngelesandSanDiegoallbelongto-D-A.MontanaB.UtahC.MaineD.CaliforniaTheImmigrationActof1924restrictedfurtherimmigrationintotheUnitedStates,part

55、icularlyfrom-A.A.EuropeB.AsiaC.AfricaD.SouthAmericaThecharacteristicsofthedominantAmericancultureare-D-A.English-speaking,NorthernEuropean,RomanCatholicandmiddle-classEnglish-speaking,WesternEuropean,RomanCatholicandupper-classEnglish-speaking,NorthernEuropean,Protestantandupper-classEnglish-speakin

56、g,WesternEuropean,Protestantandmiddle-class血Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.HowistheAmericanpopulationdistributed?WhywastheImmigrationActof1924instituted?.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestions.WhyistheUnitedStatesregardedasa“meltingpot”anda“saladbowl”?Whatdoyouthinkisthebestwaytohelp

57、assimilationinamulticulturalsociety?Chapter9I.Readthefollowingstatementanddecidewhethertheyareture(T)orfalse(F)T1.AmericanwasnamedafterAmerigoVespucci,whoarrivedonthenewcontinentafterColumbus.F2.TheSecondContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiadelphia,andtheContinentalArmyandNavywasestablishedunderthecomman

58、dofThomasJerfferson.T3.TheAmemricanCivilWarnotonlyputanendtoslavery,butalsomakeAmericanasingle,indivisiblenation.F4.MostAmericanpeopleapprovedoftheVietnamWar.T5.In1990,AmericantroopsandthetroopsfromalliednationstookjointmilitaryactioninordertodriveIraqitroopsoutofKuwait.F6.AccordingtotheAmericangove

59、rnment,SaddamHusseinandOsamabinLadenwereresponsiblefortheterroristeventonSeptemble11,2001.T7.TheBushadministrationregardedIraqanationamongthe“axisoftheevil”.F8.OnMarch20,2003,AmericanandUnitedNationstroops,supposedbyseveralothercountries,begananinvasionofIraq.II.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofth

60、efollowingstatements.ThefirstsuccessfulEnglishconolyinNorthAmericawasfoundedatCin.A.Jamestown,LouisianaB.Boston,MassachusettsC.Jamestown,VirginiaD.Plymouth,GergiaTheSevenYearsWaroccurredbetweenC.theFrenchandtheAmericanIndianstheFrenchandtheSpanishtheFrenchandtheBritishtheBritishandtheAmericanIndians