主动表被动浅说

1、主动表被动浅说主动表被动：指形式无被动结构而含被动意义的主动形式，即句中某个名词或代词与某个动 词存在逻辑动宾关系或为被动关系，用主动结构表被动意思。小结如下：下列实义动词作系动词时用主动结构表被动意思，常见的有:look, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove, remain 寺,e.g.The flower looks ugly What you said sounds reasonable. The dish smells delicious. The food tastes good. The story proved quite false. She re

2、mains silent. This material feels soft.主语+be worth+doing 结构中,doing 与主语存在动宾关系:The novel is worth reading again.当 need/want/require 三动词是需要的意思且主语与这些动词后的动词存在逻辑上的动宾关 系，则这三动词后的动词用v-ing形式，用主动结构表被动意思,相当于to be done, e.g.My watch needs reparing (= to be repaired).The house wants painting (=to be pained).某些与ca

3、n t,won t等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock, shut, open等,用主动结构表被动意 思,e.g.It can t move.The door won t shut.The window won t open.(这些动词与can t,won t等连用，表示事物“拒绝”我们要它们“做”的事.)某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, sell, lock, open, shut,且主语是非生命的名词或代词，用主动结构表被动意思,e.g.This kind

4、 of book sells well.The pen writes smoothly. The cloth washes well.The poem reads smoothly.The table doesn t clean easily.This kind of rice cooks more easily than that kind. That door shuts well.某些可以用于“主+谓+主补”结构的不及物动词,如 blow, wear 等,用主动结构表被动意 思,e.g. The material has worn thin. The door blew open.“sb

5、. has sth. to do”结构，也用主动结构表被动意思，此时主语与to do存在逻辑主谓关系,to do 与宾语存在逻辑动宾关系,用公式表示为:“主语+谓语+宾语+to do”主谓关系动宾关系 He has many problems to solve.White has lots of things to do. I have a room to live in.“sth.+be+adj.+to do”结构，to do与sth.存在逻辑动宾关系，也用主动结构表被动意思，这 些表语形容词有 hard, difficult, easy, fit,necessary,dangerous,e

6、.g.The problem is hard to solve.The water isn t fit to drink.“sth./sb +系动词+ to do”结构,主要用于 sth. be to rent, sth remain to do, who to blam ,e.g. The taxi is to rent. Much remains to find. She is to blame.10在一些表语或定语的介词短语含被动意义,e.g.be+under+n./doing, e.g.The fire was under control at last.be+on sale/show

7、 ,e.g.Many new types of cars are on show in Beijing.be+in the charge of, e.g.The factory is in the charge of my brother.英语主动形式表被动意义十种情况英语中有时用动词的主动形式表示被动意义。现总结如下：某些感官动词，如look,feel,sound,taste,smell等常用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：某些动词，如sell,wash,write,lock,shut,close,open,read,wear等，作不及物动词时常用主动形 式表示被动意义。此时往往有程度副词出现例

8、如：His pen writes smoothly. The window wont shut. This type of TV set sells ve用作系动词，用主动形式表被动意义。（turn out）These methods have proves quite effective. He proves （to be）honest.be worth 后长加动词的主动形式表被动意义。例如：The book is well worth reading. This film is worth seeing.need,want,require,wont bear,deserve

9、 等动词后用 V-ing 主动形式表被动意义。句中主语是V-ing实质上的宾语。用作V-ing形式的动词若是不及物动词，后应加相应的介词。The flowers need/want/require watering. The problem required paying special attention to. 以上几个动词除外，也可用不定式的被动语态来表示某些动词的进行时可表被动意义，如print,cook,build,show等。例如：Whats showing at the cinema this week? Her novel is reprinting（=being reprin

10、ted）.The bridge is building（=being built）to let （出租），to blame （责备）只用主动形式表被动意义。例如：This flat is to let. Who is to blame for it?在there be句型及with的复合结构中，可以用主动形式表被动意义。例如：There is nothing to read. There is nothing to do now.There is nothing to worry about. With so much work to do,Mary cannot but stay at ho

11、me.有些形容词后接不定式作状语时， 常用主动形式表被动意义。 此类形容词有 easy,hard,difficult,cheap,expensive,fit,nice,good,funny,exciting,light,heavy,dangerous,comfortable ,delicious 等。动词是不及物时要加相应的介词。例如：The fish is delicious to eat. The ground is too hard to dig. The chair is comfortable to sit on.不定式作后置定语，与所修饰的词有动宾关系，又与句中其它名词或代词有主位

12、关系， 这时不定式用主动形式表被动意义。不定式为不及物动词时，其后应加相应的介词。例如： Do you have anything to say? He is a pleasant person to work with.高考英语中主动表被动现象一. 主动形式表被动的含义:1、Need, want, require （要求，需要），deserve （应得，值得）,be worth （值得），not bear （经 不住）后面接doing主动表被动。The book is worth reading.这本书值得读 Theold building requires repairing.这座古建筑需

13、修了。 These young seedlings will require/need looking after （=need to be looked after） carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。Your hair wants/needs cutting （needs to be cut）. 你的头发该剪了。2、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子 中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。I have much work to do.我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系）Tom is looki

14、ng for a room to live in. Tom 在找一间住的房间。（与 room 有动宾关系，与 Tom 有主谓关系）He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系）3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式；动 词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive 等，不定式用主动表被动。The question is difficul

15、t to answer. 这个问题很难回答。The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。4、在 be to do sth 结构中, 这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的 主动形式表示被动意义：Who is to blame for starting the fire?这场火灾应由谁负责？You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这

16、事受动责备。The house is to let.此房出租。A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。5、系动词没有被动形式，但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste（吃起来）,sound （听起 来）,prove（证明是）,feel（摸上去感到）,look（看起来），smell（闻起来）等,例如：Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。6、一些与cant（不能）或wont（不会）连用的动词。常用的有:lock （锁住）,shut

17、（关上）,open（打开）, act （上演）, write （写）， cut （砍，切）， wear （穿，戴）等,用作不及物动词时，用主动表被 动。例如： The door wont open .这门打不开。It cant move.它不能动。7、一些动词如sell （销售），wash （洗）,clean （打扫）,burn （燃烧）,cook （煮）等与副词如well （好）, easily （容易地）, perfectly （十分地）等连用 ,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动 词+加副词。例如：The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。 These cloth

18、es wash easily. 这些衣服很易洗。The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。8、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时，所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。I see there s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。Exercises： choose the best choice. TOC o 1-5 h z There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth .A.

19、to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to seeThe food easily and sells .A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good C. is cooked; well D. cooked; goodThe windows of the building can t .,A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed二、主动形式表被动含义：C 2.A3.B一）、不及物动词的过去分词只表完成不表被动，因此在be + p.p.的句型中看似被动实际是 主动。 例如：be go

20、ne The days are gone when China was both poor and backward.二）、很多时候过去分词都变成了形容词, 因此也是看似被动实际表主动, 尤其是后边加介词更为多见。例如：be interested （in.）类似的动词有： be surprised, be excited, be pleased, be satisfied, be disappointed, be shocked, be moved, be amazed, be frightened, be delighted, be ashamed 等。三）、某些特殊动词：1.be seat

21、ed = sit down, take ones seat 就座Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen. 女士们、 先生们, 请就座.The woman seated by the window is his mother.= The woman sitting by the window is his mother. 这样的动词本来就是及物动词，而且后面可跟反身代词做宾语She seated herself on the sofa.be prepared (for)=prepare (for);be ready (for.)(为.)准备好She was

22、prepared for anything to happen. 她已准备好应付一切.Well-prepared for the exam, all the students took it confidently.be worried (about .) = worry (about. ) 对. 担心She was worried about her missing son.= She worried herself about her missing sonbe dressed (in )=wear. 穿着She is dressed in red today.Hurry up and g

23、et dressed! 快点穿上衣服!be concerned (about/ with )=care about / be relevant to./ be about. 关心.; 与有 关联We are all concerned about his health. Were all concerned for her safety.This book is concerned with the adolescent crime.be supposed (to. )= should 应该Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one?Should I clean all the rooms or just this one?be devoted to =be loving or loyal 热爱