英文语音知识汇总打印版

1、1关于语音的几个概念1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,2)音标：词的语音形式。3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48 音素。4) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student,teacher, understand5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有 20 元音。6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有 28 辅音。7)开音节：a) 辅音 +元音 +辅音 +e name bike ;b) 辅音+ 元音 he, go, hi8)闭音节： a) 辅音 +元音 +辅音

2、bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音 + 辅音 it9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。元音： (注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标 ) 1)i: sea, he, see, piece, ceiling2)i sit, build, miss, myth3)e bed, desk, head,4)A bad, land, bank, stamp5)a: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt6)C hot, want7)C: door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought,

3、 caught8)u: good, who, blue, soup,9)u look, put, women, could10)Q cup, come, blood, rough11)E: girl, work, serve, nurse12)E cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday13)ei cake, they, play, eight, great,14)ai bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye15)Eu phone, cold, boat,

4、 soul, grow16)au house, town17)Ci boy, oil18)iE dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,19) ZE pear, care, there, fair20)uE tour, poor,容易混淆的元音1)e A bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land2)i: ei real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid3)e ai bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide4)au C: house horse;

5、 loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause5)au Q found fond; gown gone; down don辅音1)p pen,2)b bed, comb3)t tell,4)d, day, played, wanted5)k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box6)g big, go, guess, language7)m man8)n nine, knife, autumn9) N bank, uncle, English, sing,10)l land,

6、world11)r read, write,12)f five, cough, laugh13)v voice, of14) W think,15)T this, bathe16)s sit, miss, science, case, scarf17)z zoo, close,18)F sure, she, social, nation19)V pleasure,20)h hot, who, hour21)w wall, what, answer22)j yes23)tF child, teach, catch24)dV joke, bridge,25)ts boats26)dz goods2

7、7)tr tree28)dr dream容易混淆的辅音1)v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well2)s W sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math3)z T closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes4)n N thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang读音规则重读音节 (见元音和辅音的例句 )非重读音节 E banana, student, today, after, i orange,

8、 secret, evening, very, Monday7. 特殊读音音的连读： not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all失去爆破： good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme音的同化： this year, Would you do it? Cant you see it?重音单词重音双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, e

9、s-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词， 第二个音节是重音。about, believe, address, decide, report, condemn, respect, compare, inform, discuss,impress, mistake, enforce, prepare, employ, permit, escape, produce, exclaim,translatec)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关 , 一般名词的重音在第

10、一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。record, record; insult, insult; conduct, conduct; present present; content, content有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。outside, retell, well-known, unreal, fifteen, Chinese, pre-war, post-warB)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。 difficult, communist, family, economy, opportunity,demo

11、cracy.有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。carefully, indefinite, comfortable, conductor, according, disturbance, complicated,establishment,c)词尾有 -eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。courteous, calligraphy, editorial, historian, periodi

12、c, mathematics, experience,sufficient, identify, translation, religious, curiosity, protective词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。 entertain, employee, mountaineer, Japanese, cigarette句子重音英语的节奏：（轻） - 轻- 重-轻-（轻）或重 -轻-（轻）（轻）重英语句子的长短： 是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的， 而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。实词重读（副词重读）

13、，虚词轻读 ( 冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词 be.实词不重读的特殊情况a)实词第二次出现He thinks of that as a child thinks.b)一个名词被第二个名词修饰I met her in the railway station.c)代替词Which book do you want? The small one.d)感叹词中的what 和 howWhat a good day it is! How beautiful she is!e)street 在专有名词中Wangfujing Stree

14、t.f)this 在这些短语中， this morning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读的特殊情况情态动词，助动词和系动词 be 在句首，句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.I dont like you. He isnt a worker.情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.介词在句首和

15、句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, Ill visit you. When he comes, Ill tell him.e)反身代词表示强调。He couldnt come himself.语音 （上）Aei在重读开音节中grade，face，table，namehave hAvA在重读闭音节中map，practice，that，plan，handE在非重读音节中above, about, among，womanRw+awatch, what，was

16、h，walletwater 5wR:tEi在重读音节后的音节中village, orange, comradeoperate5CpEreitB:a+n（或 ss，sp，sk， st，th，f）answer, grant, class, grasp, basket，fast，bath，after sandsAndstandstAndlandlAndbandbAndai，ayei在重读音节中straight， afraid，paint，raini在非重读音节中Monday，mountain，holiday ，captainweekday5wi:kdeibirthday5bE:WdeiAirZ在重读

17、音节中repair，chair ，hair，stairAlC:在辅音之间chalk，call ，small， walkhalf hB:fsaltsC:ltArB:在重读音节中party，artist ，farm，cardtowardtE5wC:d marry5mAriquarter5kwC:tE various5vZEriEsE在非重读音节中grammar， collar，sugarAreZE在重读音节中glare，care， stare，dareAuC:August，autumnauntB:ntbecausebi5kCzAustraliaCs5treiliEAughC:caught，taug

18、ht，daughterlaughlB:fAwC:draw，law ，saw2元音字母 e 及其字母组合的读音（见表1.2）ei:在重读开音节中complete，even， these，e在重读闭音节中better， enter，freshpretty5pritiE读音说明在非重读音节中例词happen，open, problem例外ii（ y）在前缀和后缀中aidepend，behind，needed在重读开音节中Friday，fine ，drivegiveiv元音字母和字母组合eaie在重读闭音节中breath，head，ready，deadstrict，think ，artisti:wil

19、dwaildbreathe，season，least， deal， teachieaiiE在重读词尾really， real，theatre, idealie，tie， die， pierealityri5Alitii:eibelieve，piece，fieldgreat，breakfriendfrend quiet5kwaiEteeiri:E:greet，deep，keep，meetgirl ， bird，first ，birthei（ie）mirror5mirEi:ighreceive，thief, believeaieighteit friendfrend heighthaitfight

20、 ，right ， tight，nighterildE:aild在重读音节中wild ，child ， mildverb，her，term，serveterrible5terEbl merry5meriireaiEEadmire，hire，fire, entire在非重读音节中worker，paperindaindearbehind， find ，kindiEwind winddear， clear，near，hear-iedE:idsearch，learn，earth， earnworried，carried，hurried ，studiedhearthB:tterrified5terifa

21、ideer4元音字母 o 及其字母组合的读音（见表1.4）iEpioneer，deero-edEut在重读开音节中前面是清辅音spoke，pole ，note（t 除外）improveim5pru:v,lovelQv,whosehu:z,loselu:z,jumped，talked，worked，helpedtombtu:m, provepru:vdC前面是浊辅音在重读闭音节中（d 除外）和元音monument，along，shop，clothloved，answered， closed， stayedidE在非重读音节中前面是 t 或dobserve，towards，politeneeded

22、，shouted， skatedEu3元音字母 i 及其字母组合的读音（见表1.3）在某些词的词尾envelope， piano， photo，radio表 1.3Qworry ， another，son， cover元音字母和字母组合uEwoman， wolf ，into在非重读音节中oahonour，favour，colourEu5元音字母 u 及其字母组合的读音（见表1.5）coat，boat，road，coalbroadbrC:duju:oi， oy在重读开音节中Cistudent， use， pupil，hugenoise，enjoy，choice，boysugar5FuEooQu:

23、在重读闭音节中school， soon，fool ，loosebut，cut，up，hurrytruthtru:W busy5biziu后面是 t，d，k 时Egood，book， look，foot在某些非重读音节中foodfu:d, shootFu:t bootbu:tautumn， difficult ，successQinstitute5institju:t, communism5kCmjunizEmflood ，bloodurE:orhurt，nurse， turn，burnC:hurry5hQri在重读音节中worn，horseEE:surprise， Saturday在重读音节中

24、world ，work ，worse6辅音字母的读音（见表 1.6）worry5wQri, foreign5fCrin表 1.6forest5fCrist, borrow5bCrEutomorrowtE5mCrEu辅音字母和字母组合E读 音在非重读音节中说明actor，doctor，visitor例词例外ouaucmouse，ground，southssoulsEul在元音字母 e，i，（y ）之前nice，twice，cityu:musicianmju: 5ziFEnyouth，group，woundkQ在 a，o，u 或辅音字母之前trouble，touch， countrycall，ca

25、rd，uncle，medicalowchautFdown，town，how， allowchoose，change，child ，beachknowledge5nClidVSandwichEuksnow，grow ， windowheadache， stomach， chemical，schooloughFC:moustache，machinebought， thought， oughtcoughkCf, enoughi5nQfhtoughtQf, ploughplauhthroughWru:help，hand，hopeour不发音auEhour，honest，exhibition在重读音节中

26、flour ，hour，ourntourtuEnanswer，line，fan，neckC:N在重读音节中four，pour，course在辅音 或 k 之前journey5dVE:nithink，uncle， English， finger， wrongstrangestreindVchangetFeindVthW在实词中tooth， three，health，breath，think ，bath， youth breathe， father 等词中读 TT在虚词和部分代词中the，thus，these， other，with ，thatxz在重读元音中之前exam，exampleksexp

27、ect，explain，exercise，extend二、单词重音单词重音如表1.7 所示。表 1.7重读音节情况例词单音节词一般都重读，为方便在单标中一般略去重音符号 mapmAp ，penpen，timetaim ，roserEuz双音节词的重音多落在第一音节上brother5brQTE ，letter5letE ，yellow5jelEu ，photo5fEutEu续表重读音节情况例词单音节词加上后缀 -er，-ly， -ing ，-ed 等的双音节词，重音也在第一个音节上careless5kZElis ， sadly5sAdli ， teacher5ti:tFE ， wanted5wCntid ， strongerstrCNE有前缀 a-，be-，mis- ，en-，ex-， im-，in- ，re-等双音节词，重音一般落在第二个音节上aboutE5baut ，