采矿工程专业英语词汇

1、溜井 溜煤眼平碉平碉联络巷; 煤门平巷石门主要运输平巷主要回风平巷head entrytail entry slope n. rise n.dip n.rock risecoal risecoal haulage rise 运 煤上山material transporting rise运 料上山coalfield n. 煤田return-air rise回风上山溜井 溜煤眼平碉平碉联络巷; 煤门平巷石门主要运输平巷主要回风平巷head entrytail entry slope n. rise n.dip n.rock risecoal risecoal haulage rise 运 煤上山m

2、aterial transporting rise运 料上山coalfield n. 煤田return-air rise回风上山mining area n.矿区mine field n. 井田divide v. 戈 Ll 分men-walking rise 行人上山inclined roadway of a strip分 带斜巷inclined coal haulage roadway of a strip运煤斜巷分带mine production capacity能力(MPC)矿井生产mine service life矿 井服 务年限production scale of mine井 型sm

3、all mine小型矿井middle mine中型矿井large mine大型矿井huge mine特大型矿井strike n.走向dip n.倾向dip angle倾角workable adj.可采的workable reserve n.可 采储量opening n. 通道，开口mine opening n.矿山井巷inclined material haulage roadway of a strip分带运料斜巷development roadway开拓巷道preparation roadway准备巷道gateway 回采巷道pit bottom井底车场shaft bottom 井底车场s

4、tation n.车场，车站mining district station采区车场horizon n.阶段level n.水平haulage level运输水平return-air level回风水平mining level开采水平passageway shaft n.roadway n.chamber n.main shaftauxiliary shaftair shaftn. 通道立井巷道碉室主立井昌廿立井风井interval between levelsmining district采区阶段垂高panel n. 盘区 sublevel n. 分段 strip district n.带区i

5、nclined length 斜 长 strike length走向长度district sublevel区段division n. 戈 Ll 分Introduction（绪论）mine n.矿山，矿井。v.米矿colliery n.矿井coal mining采煤underground mining 地 下开采 surface mining 露 天开采reserve n. 储量coal-bearing adj. 含煤的high production and high efficiency高 产高效development n.开拓preparation n.准备mining method 采煤方

6、法 subside v. 下沉，沉陷 subsidence n. 沉降，沉 陷 mining subsidence n. 开 采 沉陷 mechanize v. 使 机械化 mechanization n. 机械 化blind shaft暗立井Basic Concepts of Mine （矿 井基 本概念）drawn shaftchute n.adit n.drift n. crosscut n. coal crosscutentry n.haulage n. 运输 main haulage roadwaymain return-air roadway区段运输平巷区段回风平巷斜井上山下山岩石

7、上山煤层上山Open-off cut n.切 眼coalface n.采煤面working face 工作面production n. 生产； 产量 production system 生 产系统 coal haulage system 运 煤系统 ventilation n. 通风 ventilation system 通 风系统 fresh air 新鲜风 dirty air 乏 风，污风refuse n. 砰石material and refuse transportation system运 料排砰系统drain v.排水drainage system 排水系统power supply

8、 system （electric power, compressedair）动力供应（电、压风）communication and monitoring system通讯、 监测系统drive v.掘进excavate v. 开挖，开掘hoist v.提升winch n.绞车Coal Mining methods 采 煤方法）长壁开米longwall mining on inclineii倾向长 壁开采sublevel caving 放顶煤shield掩护支架slicing method 分层inclined slicing倾 斜分层horizontal slicing 水平分层obliqu

9、e slicing斜切分层top-slicing system of sublevel caving水 平分段放顶煤pillar mining system 柱 式开采room and pillar mining method房柱式room method 房式hydraulic mining 水采underground liquefactiongasificationroof caving 垮落法（自然垮落、pillar support 刀柱式nearly horizontal coal seamgently inclined coal seam和气化 underground地下液化和气化强制

10、放顶）和气化 underground地下液化和气化强制放顶）packing充填法近水平煤层缓斜煤层斜煤层地下液化steeply inclined ?steeply inclined ?急倾斜厚煤层：thin coal seam 薄煤层middle thick coal seam中 厚煤层thick coal seam 厚煤层steeply inclined coal seam with an hugethickness急倾斜特厚煤层blasting mining technology 炮 采conventionally mechanized mining technology普 通综合机械化s

11、tope采场mining works/units回 采工作basic operation 基 本工序 break v. 破碎load v.装载haul v. 运输auxiliary operations 辅助工序roof support 顶板支护gob treatment 采空区处理auxiliary transportation辅助运输ventilation通风drainage 排水power supply供电，机械化采煤工艺fully mechanized mining technology采煤工艺fully mechanized mining with top coal caving万向

12、接长机万向接长机emulsion supply 供液（乳化液）等 winning/miningtechnique采煤工艺mining system 采煤系统mining roadway layout 回采巷 道布置 classify v. 分类 dry mining 旱采wall mining system壁 式开采full-seam mining整层single longwall mining methodlongwall mining on strike走向 单 长壁米煤法technology综采放顶煤工艺continuous miner 连续采煤机shuttle car n.梭车univ

13、ersal extensible conveyorbolt v.打锚杆；n.锚杆mining method 采矿 方法；mining operation 采矿作业；ground control 顶板管理；recovery 回 采率；subsidence control 地表沉陷控制cover覆盖层；overburden 上覆地层；immediate roof 直接顶； floor 底outcrop露头，露出地面的岩层暂不能利用储量矿井地质储量+ B 暂不能利用储量矿井地质储量+ B + C + D )可利用A + B + C)矿远景储量设计煤炭损失矿井生产能力采区生产矿井使用年限井田开拓开拓巷

14、道板；hardness 硬度； strength 强度cleavage 解理gas , methane 瓦斯 daily operation日常工作single operation单一工序unit operation单元作业auxiliary operation辅助作业cutting n.切割，掏槽；lighting n.照明oncepts of Mine Development 田开拓 的概念)mine boundary 井 田边界 terrain n. 地形geological structure 地 质构造 fault n. 断层fold n.褶皱down fold n.背斜upfold

15、 n.向斜coal quality 煤质 occurrence 赋存mine geological reserve usable reserves ( A 储量temprary useless resrvesmine industrial reserveZg=(井工业储量future reserve ( D)workable reserve 开采储量designed lost reserverecovery rate 回采率Mine Production Capacity (MPC) coalface output 采煤 工作 面产量mining district production cap

16、acity能力cost per ton coal product成本mine service lifemine field developmentdevelopment roadway development way 开 拓方式 development system 开 拓系 统portal type井筒类型 shaft development 立井开拓combined development 综 合开拓 development roadwaylayout开拓巷道布置main roadway for single seam分 层大巷development stage开拓阶段production

17、 stage生产阶段haulage capacity运输能力main entry主巷barrier pillar隔离煤柱butt entry区段平巷shearer滚筒采煤机planer , Plow 你J煤机 auger mining 螺旋钻开采rapid excavation 快速掘进ocean mining 海 洋采矿gathering main roadway 集 中大巷gatering main roadway for each coal seam group分组集中大巷single level 单水平mutiple level 多水平preparation type 准备方式rise

18、 type上山式rise and dip Type 上 下山式combined rises and dip 上山、上下山 混合式 industrialarea工业场地mining level开采水平pit bottom井底车场development deepening开拓延深replacement of mining level水 平接替transportation facility运输设备electromechanical mine operation矿井机电作业capital investment 基本建设投资。minability 可采性marketability适销性，可销性coal

19、reserve煤矿nominal ,名义上的，极小的。operating mine 生产矿井surface topography 地面地形，表面地形coalfield 煤田measure 层组coal-bearing measure 含煤地层tilled area tilled area 耕地 reservoir 水库adit development平碉开拓slope development 斜井开拓Power belt conveyor强力皮带机 center rise Power belt conveyor强力皮带机 center rise 中央上山主运输石门运输大巷采区下部车场采区中部车

20、场采区上部 车场采区煤仓采区运 输上山采区轨道上山总回风巷 回风大巷power line 电力线，输电线 reservation n.保留地；自然保护 区Chapter 4Mine Development Way 井 （田开 拓方式） portal井筒 expected life of the mine矿 井的 设计使用年限rail haulage轨道运输 drift平碉 shaft立井，竖井 slope斜井 topsoil （表土层）， quicksand （ 流砂层）.main shaft主立井 auxiliary shaft立井air shaft 风井transfer house 中转煤

21、仓 headframe 井架 hoist house提升机房，绞车房 skip箕斗 cage罐笼car dump 卸煤设备 storage bin井底煤仓 pressure drop 压降 advancing mining前进式开采retreating mining后退式开采descending mining下行式downwards mining下行式upward mining 上行式 double-tracked train hoisting system双沟串车提升系统Single-tracked train hoisting system单钩串车提升系统endless rop 无极 绳提

22、升 Overhead monorial单轨吊 Sublevel slope development 片 盘斜井 Starcase-like Adit阶梯平碉pump station 泵站 sump n. 水仓area development 分区 域开拓 gas n. 瓦斯 工作面周围地层：Overlying strata 上覆地层： Main roof老顶，基本顶 Immediate roof 直接顶 Gob采空区-Face rib （煤壁）Floor底板Chapter 7 Development Deepen and Technical Refo 井 i 田 capital cost 基建

23、费用surrounding rock 围岩maintenance n.维护hydro-geological condition水文地质条件weathered zone 风化带fold n.褶皱fault n.断层Outcrop n.露头ventilation resistance通风阻力combined development综合开拓Multiple-portal area development多井 筒分区 域开拓pit bottom 井底车场 main haulage cross-cut main haulage roadway district bottom station distri

24、ct middle station district top station district coal bunker district haulage rise district track rise main return airway main return-air roadwayhead entry区段运输平巷tail entry区段回风平巷sublevel district haulage crosscut区段 运输石门sublevel district return-air crosscut区 段回风石门strip n. 分带，条带strip strict带区panel n. 盘区

25、Chapter 5 Development Roadways Layout 拓 巷 道布邕hapter 6 Level station （井 底车场） 开拓延深和技术改造)Chapter 4.2 Ground cont Underlying strata 下伏地层Ground control顶板处理方式：(1 ) Caving ;(2 ) Pack。Stable切口，机窝dead work准备工作，非生产性工作Mobile belt conveyor 可移式胶带运输机No exception 无例 夕卜regular maintenance n. 日 常修理 ,定 期检修Downtime停工期

26、（由于损坏、修理等原因造成的停机时间），停工时间，停机时间Clearanee 空隙Immediate area of the face : 工作 面的直 接区域Rib line煤壁线，腰线heading 掘进头，平巷up to dip 沿倾斜上行Compression strength 压缩强度Underlying strata 下伏地层bed separation 离层On strike沿走向Rad = radian ,弧度Cleat解理Hold true有效，适用 vHiraglfinbcuottncduittitoinngsA脚erofa瞌驶a冲角Softer coal seamu ni

27、formly distributedstress , the overburden weightu niformly distributedHarder floor stratainduced by mining米动弓 I起的Stress distributionDeflect 偏斜， Cave in 冒顶，应力分布偏车专，挠曲，下垂 垮落Front abutment pressure前方支承压力Side abutment pressure侧向支承压力应力分布偏车专，挠曲，下垂 垮落Front abutment pressure前方支承压力Side abutment pressure侧向支承压

28、力Face-to-gob distance 控顶距，工作面到采空区的距离。Yield pressure 屈服压力support resistance 支架阻力Face-to-tip distance 端面距Precut预切割Frames节式支架Stroke行程Chock support垛式支架Double-acting ram 双作用千斤顶Web cut截深Shields掩护式支架Double link 双键Lemniscate双纽线，四联杆Rear abutment pressure 后方支 承压力 前方支承压力： 分布范围：150m first felt/occur 出现，有反应，有感应；

29、45 60m pick up slightly 略有 增长，略有力口 速；15 21m increase rapidly 迅速 增长；5m 支承压力峰值 peak abutment pressure magnitude of the peak abutment pressure峰值大小：1.5-5 overburdern weight 后方 压力： vertical pressure face area : far below the cover loadgob area : gradually increaseat last : the cover load范 围：0.3-0.4 the o

30、verburden thickness.No abutment pressureSide abutmentFirst felt : At the same time as the frontabutment pressure范 围：from the rib to 1/3 or 1/4 hlargest at the ribside, decrease exponentially with distance from ribposition of peak pressure : 0.015hMagnitude depend on the thickness and length of the i

31、mmediate roof hanging in the gob.Gob area采空区稳 定 -slip, sag, separate-cave inFace area工作面区Support the immediate roofSolid coal实体煤Roof canopy 顶梁Chock-Shield支撑掩护式支架 leg , prop 立柱 canopy顶梁 forward canopy 前梁 rear canopy 尾梁 caving shield 掩护梁 flipper , spauling shield 护帮板 slider, jack board 插板 ram , cylind

32、er , jack 千斤顶 hose油管 emulsion孚L化液 valve 阀 support yielding支架金口载Longwall coal-getting machineflexible flight conveyor / face chain conveyor工作面可弯曲刮板输送机main components 主要部件drive head机头部electric motor 电动机flexible flight conveyor / face chain conveyor工作面可弯曲刮板输送机main components 主要部件drive head机头部electric m

33、otor 电动机Hydraulic coupling 液力联轴器speed reducer 减速器chain wheel / sprocket 链 轮drive head framemiddle sectionsline pan 溜槽flight / scraperlink chain 舌U 板链机头架中间部刮板endless chain 无极链机尾部tail end机尾架 Drive end frame链轮 sprocket附 属装置 auxiliary drives/units挡煤板 spillboard / spill plate （cowl罩，壳）铲煤板 ramp plate千斤顶 j

34、ackchain drive 链式传动：classification according to chain arrangement双边链 double strand outboard chain三 链 triple strand chain单中链 single middle chain 双中链 double middle chain新型刮板输送机侧 W 式 side-loading fight conveyor 垂直 转弯式转载机 Transfer conveyorA short heavy flexible flight conveyor 桥式转载机（bridge ） stage loade

35、r 区段皮带输送机Main components 皮带belt托*昆 roller 支撑托车昆 supporting roller 机架frame传动装置 drive unit电动机 electric motor 联轴器 coupling 减速器 speed reducer 滚筒drum卸载滚筒unloaded drum机尾导 向滚筒tail guide drum拉紧滚筒take-up drum机尾导向滚筒guide drum外 拉 紧装置take-up units制动装置 Braking devices采区运输系统：上山 rise下山dipDip angle 15 belt conveyor

36、15 Dip angle 25 ceramic conveyor 水平运输系统水平运输大巷 horizontal haulage entry belt conveyor矿车 trolley wagons 机车 locomotiveroller-curve fight conveyorminer , mining machine 采煤机 continuous miner 连续采煤机shearer滚筒采煤机motor电动机、马达electric motor 电机haulage gearcase 牵弓 | 部gearhead传动部cutter drum gearcase滚筒截割部bedplate底盘

37、、底座control unit 控制装置chain链条reducing gear box 减速箱 pillboard 挡煤板 cowl 挡煤板bit 截齿drum滚筒ranging-arm 摇臂gear齿轮 track 轨道 gear track 齿轨gearcase n. 齿轮箱 Rotor转子Conveying system电力机车trolley locomotive 蓄电池机车 battery locomotive 矿车 wagon固定箱式矿车 Fixed box wagonTipping bucket wagonFront unloading wagon底MJ 式矿车 Bottom-d

38、ump wagon立井提升系统矿井提升系统 Mine hoist system 提升机 Engine hoist 钢丝绳wire rope天 轮 head sheave ( n.滑轮)箕斗skip辅 助运输 auxiliary transportation Transportation of material, equipment, waste and personnel 材料、设 备、砰石、人员 副井 Auxiliary shaftSimilar to main shaft罐 笼 Cage hoist container斜井SlopeIn the slope, material and eq

39、uipment are usually transported by direct rope hoist and endless rope hoist. While the waste is水平运输大巷 horizontal haulage entryElectric locomotive haul the wagons to transport material, equipment, waste.Electric locomotive haul the special man-cars to transport miners.采区 上下山 district rise and dip)有极

40、绳提升 Direct rope hoistdip angle : 8-22钢丝绳的一端与矿车相连，通过绞车 (winch )放出和收回。) 无极 名愿提升 Endless rope hoistdip angle : 10区段运输Tail entry : wagons + wire ropeOverhead monorail单轨吊Overhead endless rope hoistTransfer conveyor转载运输机Stage loader桥式转载机Roller curve conveyor 滚 轴转弯 运输机风机： Ventilation fan回风井：Return shaft进风井

41、：Intake shaftWorking faceIntake working回风巷道： Return roadway新鲜风： Fresh airAir flow乏风：Dirty air回风系统：抽出式通风： Exhaust ventilation 负 压 negativepressure压入 式通风:Forced ventilation 正 压 Positivepressure风机类型：离心 式风机：Centrifugal fan 轴流 式风机：Axial flowfan。 通风 设施： Ventilating structures 风墙：Ventilation wall风门：Air doo

42、rtransported by skip and train according to thedip angle. The personnel are transported by a specialman-car in the slope.Chapter 4.6 Ventilation system风桥：Air bridgeAir regulator防尘、灭尘： Dust suppressionwater spray 洒 水, mist spray 喷 雾固定滚筒双向截割采煤机 fixed-drum bi-directional shearer单滚筒可调 高采煤机 single-drum r

43、anging-arm shearer双滚筒可调 高采煤机 double-dram ranging-arm shearer矿井瓦斯： mine gas瓦斯:gas , methane , firedampAll hazardous gases in underground coal mines,its major component is CH4.Colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous, Combustible.Its density is less than that of the air, so it often accumulates near the roof

44、.Gas/methane control 瓦斯控制Gassy mine 高瓦斯矿井Chapter 5Pillar systemTwo distinct phases of operationFirst rooms and pillars are developed in a section.The second is mining pillars.Two basic mining methods:Conventional mining method. 普通采 煤方法 Cutting 掏 槽 at the bottom of the coal seam a horizontal slot is

45、6-9 inch, 5-7feet deepDrilling 乍占 眼 the optimum number and location of boreholes coal fragments after blasting neither too big nor too small for efficient loading.Blasting 爆 破 explosives are loaded into each borehole and detonated n. 起爆Loading 装 煤 shuttle car section belt conveyor. Two shuttle cars

46、are used.roof bolting顶板锚杆支护为了充分发挥设备和人员的能力，至少同时掘 进5个平行的 巷道。由于生产环节多、分散，逐渐被连续采煤方法取代。Continuous mining method. 连续采 煤方法I continuous miner + shuttle car 连续 采煤机 +梭车工艺 + section belt conveyor+ roof bolting间断运输工艺II continuous miner + (intermediate) conveyors 连续采煤机 + 输送机工艺+ section belt conveyor+ roof bolting

47、连续的运输工艺Pillar recovery 回收煤柱There are three methods of extracting pillars, open-end method, pocket and wing method and splitting method. open-end method 开端式 pocket and wing method 袋翼式 splitting 劈柱式 pillar blocks lifts/slices 煤柱 块 切块Chapter 6Roadway excavation and supportRoadway section 巷道断面掘 进 drive,

48、 tunnel, excavate 平巷掘进DriftingCoal property 煤矿Area盘区Set of entries 巷道群Engineer vt.设计Slough脱落，剥落，碎落；崩落，坍塌，滑坍Crush压碎A function of是的函数，随一而变。Relative strength 相对强度Clearanee 净空Block of coalRoom workCutting consequence 切割顺序Face mining cycle 工作面开采循环Mining practice 开采Colloquial kE5IEukwiEI adj.口语的，通俗的Dictat

49、e规定，制定Outline形成一轮廓Incorporate as Ample充足的，丰富的solid workchain pillar巷道煤柱lessen 减少，减轻lift 小煤块、slice 切块physical condition n. 实 际条件post柱子，支柱stump煤柱slab平板fender煤柱，窄煤柱hand loading人工装载commoni practice惯例concurrently n. 同时发生地，并行地in place就地，原地；在地层内ride over 骑马来，跨在 上masonry n. 砖石工程，砖石建筑砌筑。Masonry stopping 砌筑风墙

50、Canvas stopping帆布风帘Line Brattice纵向风障Loading station装车点巷道掘进 roadway excavation平巷掘进 n. drifting什一UU srr/.j-u- i -讥井，自井 n. sinking上山掘进 n. raising下山掘进n.) The shape of roadway section 断 面形状 巷道断面形状主要取决于地层条件、服务年限和支护材料。10The shape of roadway section depends mainly on strata10conditions , the serving life an

51、d supporting materials.井筒 Shaft , circular大 巷 Main entry , arched, horseshoe上 山 rise, ladder-shaped, trapezoidal 顺 槽 Gateway , ladder-shaped, trapezoidal) The size of roadway section 断 面尺寸 巷道断面尺寸 主要取决于巷道的用途。The size of roadway section depends mainly on its use.它取决于运输或提升设备或其它设备的尺寸，还要根据通风要求对巷道断面尺寸加以修改

52、。It is dependent on haulage or hoisting equipment or other devices used , and it is modified according to the ventilation requirement.净宽，net width ;净高net height ;净断面面积net section area 。2 Roadway excavation in rocks 岩 巷掘进 炮掘，爆破 掘 进：blasting excavation 装岩，除渣： mucking 掘进工艺包 括主要作业和辅助作业，其中主要作业包括破岩、装岩、运输、

53、支护，辅助作业包括通风、铺设轨道、挖掘排水沟、铺设管线等等。The excavation technique consists of main operations including breaking, loading, haulage and support, and auxiliary work including ventilation, laying the track, digging ditches and laying pipes etc.1 ) Breaking 破岩打眼放炮是目前应用最广泛的破岩方法。Drilling and blasting is the most wid

54、ely used method of rock breaking at present.(1) drillingDrill n.钻机气动轻型钻机，风钻 Air-jackleg气腿式钻机 Air-jack leg drill架式钻机Drifter钻车，凿 岩台车 Jumbo, drill carriage 湿 式钻进 Wet drilling 干 式钻进 Dry drilling 钻孑 L borehole(2 ) Blasting 爆破炸药:Explosive装 药：Load explosive in the borehole, charge 起爆： detonate 雷 管：detonato

55、r ； 电 雷管： electric detonator 炮 眼布置 方式：drilling pattern 掏槽眼：cut hole辅 助眼： auxiliary hole 周边眼：trim hole顶眼：roof hole 帮眼：flank hole 底眼：Bottom hole 起爆顺序:firing sequenceCut auxiliary roof & flank bottomThe type of explosive used, rock properties, and method of loading and sequence of firing the holes, aff

56、ect hole depth, diameter, alignment and spacing.采用的炸药的类型、岩石的特性、装岩方法、各个钻孔的起爆顺序，这些都影响着钻孔深度、直径、排列和间距的确定。A blast round consists of cut, relief, breast, and trim holes.一个爆破炮眼组包括掏槽眼、辅助眼、压眼和 边界眼。) Excavation face ventilation掘进 面通风Fan风机Air pipe 风筒) loading and haulage 装岩和运输铲斗装岩机 Shovel mucker耙斗装岩 机 Scraper

57、mucker 机车+ 矿车 Locomotive + wagons) support 支护3 Roadway excavation in coals 煤 巷掘进) conventional excavation of coal drift传 统的煤层平巷掘进法Breaking is by means of drilling and blasting. 手持 式电钻: handheld electric drillloading:hand loading 人工装煤 scraper mucker : 耙斗装煤机 coal loader :装煤机扒抓，蟹抓 2 gathering-arms 舌 U

58、板 输送机：1 scraper conveyor) 综掘 fully mechanized excavationgateway machine 平巷掘进机组成： 掘进头，(boom) cutterhead , cutting head 装煤装置： loading mechanism扒抓，蟹抓 gathering-arm舌 U 板输送机：scraper conveyorhaulage :皮带 输送机:belt stage-loader mechanism履带行 走装置:crawler travel mechanism支撑千斤顶： supporting cylinders ,用来固定机器other

59、 cylinders , control cutterhead液控箱 hydraulic control box操作：操作时，首先驱动履带行走装置，使得切削头碰到煤壁；然后，伸长导向千斤顶和后部千斤顶，支撑到巷道上；这样就固定住了掘进机。然后，切割头在掘进面底部的一侧钻入煤壁。操作水平摆动11千斤顶，使切割头割到底部的另外一侧，这就在掘进面底部11完成了一刀作业。操作升降千斤顶，使切割头向上割一定距 离(切割头的直径)，然后用相同的方法再割第 二刀。执行这个循环作业，直到割完整个断面。 平巷掘进机可以掘 出任何形状和尺寸的断面，如圆形、马蹄形、拱形和长方形。Gateway machine can excavate any size and shape of cross section: circular, horseshoe,