状语从句课件

1、 The Adverbial Clause 状语从句 状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等，在句中作状语。 状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点，而且也是每年中考必考的内容之一。命题主要集中在引导状语从句的引导词、语序、时态等方面；从九大状语从句来看，应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种上。 地点状语从句 时间状语从句 目的状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句 结果状语从句 原因状语从句 状语从句 精点拨 时态的呼应 精点拨 时态的呼应 精点拨 since， by， before since before, af

2、ter 时间状语从句引导词until, till When While as as soon as 合作探究 unless在意义上相当于ifnot。 “祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。其中，and表示句意顺承；or表示转折，意为“否则”。 引导条件状语从句的连词有if（如果）、unless（除非）等，条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样，如果主句用将来时，从句要用现在时代替将来时。 条件状语从句用介词with, without可以把条件状语从句改写成简单句 合作探究 试分析以下比较状语从句 This classroom is as big as

3、 that one. Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen I dont run as so fast as Kang Li Tom runs faster than John does. He runs faster than you（do） Today is less cold than yesterday 形容词比较级表示The days are getting越来越这一概念时有两个句型：The little girl is becoming longer and longer. The harder more and more beautiful. yo

4、u study, the more you can learn. 合作探究 表示甲超过或不及乙时，用“比较级 than从句”（从句中常省略意义与主句相同的部分）。 表示甲在某一方面不如乙时，用“not as so 原级as”句型 表示甲与乙在某一方面相同时，用“as原级as”句型；表示甲在某一方面不如乙时 要注意的是表示越来越这一概念时有两个句型： 比较级and比较级 比较状语从句 the 比较级，+ the 比较级 合作探究 He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him She is such a good teacher that everybody

5、 likes her. He told us such funny stories that we all laughed He is so poor a man that he cant buy a bike for his son. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it. 试分析 结果状语从句常用句型 合作探究 such a an 形容词单数可数名词 that从句 结果状语从句常用句型such形容词复数可数名词不可数名词that从句 so形容词副词 that从句 so形容词a an单数可数名词that从句 目的状语从

6、句通常由in order that引导 也可由so that 引导 so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。如何区别？ so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别的办法：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看从句的目的是否明确。 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such 结果和目的状语从句难点so that 之间只有形容词时，则不能用 such代替so so that用在单数可数名词前，so 形容词 a 名词 that 在much， many， few， little 之前只能用so so th

7、at 其后接从句 原因状语从句 He didnt come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else. She was late for school because she missed the bus =She missed the bus，so she was late for school He is late for school because it rains he

8、avily. He is late for school because of the heavy rain. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 合作探究 because和so不能同用在一个句子里。 because和becouse of 也有明显的区别。because后面要跟从句，而because of 后面要跟名词短语 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。because从句一般位于主句后；since、as从句一般放在主句前。 原因状语从句for是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。 合

9、作探究 试分析让步状语从句 Though he is young, he knows a lot. Although I am tired, I must go on working. Even if he is poor, she loves her husband. 我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. 应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out. because不能与并列

10、连词so同时在句中使用 even though （尽管） though although不能与but同时在句中使用 even if(即使） although （虽然） though （虽然） whoever（无论谁） 让步状语从句Whatever （无论什么） as (连词)与 like (介词)的区别。 as 作为连词其后接从句，而 like 是介词，其后要接的是词组 选择 完型 地点状语从句 地点状语从句常常由where来引导 方式状语从句引导词常用as（按照） 方式状语从句 2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。 精确 点拨 Whe

11、n While As 区分 3）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词表示“当时”可以互换。 1) when表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。它既可以指时间段也可指时间点， 从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词。 4）as引导时间状语从句与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同时间点或同时间段进行。 I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你（们）来看我，我感到很高兴。 When you are crossing the street，you must be careful. 你（们）过街道时，一定要小心。 When you have f

12、inished your work, you may have a rest. 你完成作业了才可以休息。 He smiled as / when he passed. 他路过的时候笑了一下。 （两个都是短暂动作） Helen heard the story as she washed. 海伦一边洗衣服一边听故事。 He saw that she was smiling as she read.他看到她一边看着书一边笑。（两个都是延续性动作） 2) before, after They had already had breakfast before they went to school Th

13、ey talked about the party after the people left. before表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之前，意为“在之 前”。 after表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后，意为 “在 之后”。 since： 如： He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 表示 “自从以来”，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时. （对since 引导的时间状语提问要用how long). 由since， by， before 来引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间

14、， 如： I have studied English since 1990. 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term. 注意：before 则多用于完成时， ago 则多用于一般过去时， 如：He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago till / until 意为“直到时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。 1）肯定形式表示的

15、意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。意为“直到为止”,强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词. Ill stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。（stay表示的动作可以持续） 2）否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。“ not until ”引导的时间状语从句，意为“直到才”,强调主句动作的开始。 He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework. 完作业才睡觉。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 3) not

16、until 放在句首，主句用倒装。 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已浪费了多少时间。 as soon as My brother went out as soon as I got home. Ill phone you as soon as I arrive in Tong

17、hua 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后， 意为“一就”。 如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。 注意: 在时间状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。 1）主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（特别是用 as soon as 引导从句时）：The boy will be a writer when he grows up. Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. 2) 主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时： 时态的呼应 When the lights are red, the traffic

18、 must stop. 3) 主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时： Please dont go to bed before you finish your homework. 4) 主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态： I liked reading when I was young. 精确点拨 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。 它的1.0版本是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如： If it rains, they wont go to the park on Sunday 2.0版本主句是一般过去时，从句用过去将来时， 如： He said if it rained th

19、e next day he would not go to the park 考试中的难点是：要区别if从句是条件状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Dont leave the building unless I tell you to. 1)引导条件状语从句的连词有if（如果）、unles

20、s（除非）等，条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样，如果主句用将来时，从句要用现在时代替将来时。 You will fail unless you study hardYou will fail if you dont study hard 2) unless在意义上相当于if 。 not3) “祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。其中，and表示承接，句意“然后”；or表示转折，意为“否则”。例如： Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late. Study har

21、d and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 4）用介词with, without可以把条件状语从句改写成简单句： If there is no water, the fish may die. = Fish may die without water. If you help me, Ill finish my task on time. = With your help, Ill finish my task on time. 合作分析 Speak clearly so that they

22、may understand you. (目的状语从句) (结果状语从句) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (目的状语从句) (结果状语从句) 选择 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 1213B 1417D 18B 15D 19B 16C 20B A C 完型 1. A 2. B 3.B 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D since, until, whether, although, as soon as whether 1. The director asked me _ I was good at singing. until 2. The girl didnt say anything _ she saw her mother. Although 3. _ Mr. Head is sixty years old, he is still learning English. 4. Dont worry! Ill give her the message as soon as _ she comes back. Since 5. _ you like the book very much, you c