（外语类考证）专八模拟试卷题及答案

1、1、 Three British soldiers were killed in _.Athe tanker attackBa fighting happened in a Shia cityCa blast happened in al-AmarahDthe battle with Shia gunmern2、We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one exper

2、iment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each t

3、ime one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of cont

4、rol over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system. Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistr

5、y typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most har

6、mful factors in depression. One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immuue response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener a

7、nd injecting them with a drag that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to sac charin, this ti

8、me without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to

9、 kill them. Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity _.A.was strengthenedB.was not affectedC.was alteredD.was weakened3、SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer t

10、he questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：INTERVIEWER: Newspapers seem sort of impersonal., but radio and TVthere are personalities inv

11、olved. Isnt there a lot more possibility that since there are personalities involved it will have a greater impact on peoples reactions?DANIEL: Well, I think you have to first start with the understanding that no person is unobjective. Were all striving to be objective, but we have our own prejudice

12、. Its build in. And so, even the person who writes the story in the newspaper lets that bias come through in his pen. Of course, when we arc personally on camera, were trying to stick pretty closely to a script. that we have already written.INTERVIEWER: Uhm.DANIEL: But sometimes, perhaps in an ad, a

13、lthough we try to avoid as much of that as possiblesome of our prejudice or bias will show, even though were striving not to let it show.INTERVIEWER: Uh. but when people read a newspaper article, its kind of cold.DANIEL: Right, thats true.INTERVIEWER: It could be. it could be a real exciting story,

14、and all you can do is put exclamation marks. But when you see a person that.DANIEL: I see what youre saying.INTERVIEWER: I started to say that the particular biases of a person can come through more readily.DANIEL: I think its something you have to guard against. It would be wrong for that to happen

15、. But, yes, I think what youre saying is truethat in trying to interpret the words that are on the script, I might., in my voice or in my expression show some type of reaction to it. Uh. probably, would be more of a reaction than it would of an interpretationalthough the voice implies an interpretat

16、ion when you read any group of words.INTERVIEWER: Right.DANIEL: I guess the idea is to make that sentence not so bland, but soleave out adjectives, leave out adverbs so that you deal just with nouns and verbs, and in that way, you keep it as straight as you possibly can.INTERVIEWER: How do you see y

17、ourself, primarilyother than reporting the news?Uh. are you an entertainer?DANIEL: No. No, I dont think Im an entertainer. I think, perhaps, the sports man might be an entertainer of sortalthough he has a journalistic function too. I see myself as a public servant. Uh. the same as. a policeman or a

18、mayor might be providing information to people that they need in their lives to. to live their life, to make decisions and so forth.INTERVIEWER: But you are conscious, of course,. when you go before the cameras, that. that youre in a situation.DANIEL: Right.INTERVIEWER: . uh. where there must be peo

19、ple that are viewing you as someoneDANIEL: Because of your visibility, you become a somewhat of a celebrity in that sense, and I dont knowI try to play that down, so that doesnt become a thing with me.INTERVIEWER: Uh-uhm.DANIEL: Because I think thats probably the biggest problem in our professionthe

20、 biggest temptation is to get a big head. And while you need confidence in order to do your job its a. its a high-pressure job, so you need confidenceyou get too much of that confidence, and that begins to come across the tube.INTERVIEWER: Right.DANIEL: . as youre kind of a know-it-all, or you think

21、 yourself more important than you really should be. And I think that would be dealt with by the viewer. After a while, theyll just turn you off. Theyll say, I dont want to watch that cocky so-and-so any more!INTERVIEWER: Some newspapers, I suppose, some TV stations, have had the reputation for repor

22、ting, for sensationalizing.DANIEL: Thats true. There are several markets in the countA.All media people try to be objective.B.All people have some prejudice.C.Unlike radio and TV, newspapers are impersonal.D.People cannot avoid showing their bias.4、 The passage suggests that the author would be like

23、ly to agree with which of the following statements about the social structure of eighteenth-century. American society? . It allowed greater economic opportunity than it did social mobility. . It permitteA.I and only.B. and only.C. and only.D., and only.5、 In the United Kingdom, is the real source of

24、 power.A.the Privy CouncilB.the MonarchC.the House of LordsD.the House of Commons6、 In Anglo-Saxon period, Beowulf represented the _ poetry.A.paganB.religiousC.romanticD.sentimental7、The oldest newspaper in Australia isA. The Sydney Morning Heraid B. The AustralianC. The Australian FinanciaZ ReviewD

25、. Geelong Advertiser 8、 How much will Ford provide as pension funds to the employees of Jaguar and Land Rover?A.$600m.B.$10bn.C.$2. 5bn.D.25009、A serious outcome brought out by the shortage of resources is that _.Amany public institutions have to cut down enrollments of studentsBteachers are not qua

26、lified enough for satisfactory performance in classesCsome institutions have to reduce the expenses on researchDthere is keen competition for resources and attention of faculty between public and private institutions10、SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE

27、 ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文： About 200 years ago, the United States economy was growing quickly, mainly because a booming trade in grain and cotton. This trade of grain and

28、cotton went on near areas near or at the coast, or near navigable rivers. It took place there because it was so expensive to transport goods over the roads that existed. They were muddy, narrow, and hard to travel on. At that time, dont forget there was only one continuous road that existed in the U.