冠词基本用法

1、冠词的基本用法【教课目的】学习并掌握冠词的意义和用法。灵巧运用不定冠词、定冠词及零冠词，提升学生的解题技术。注意发现语言的规律并运用规律贯通融会。【学情剖析】冠词是英语中的独有的词类。因为汉语中没有与之对应的词，学生对其用法感觉难以掌握。如：冠词的泛指与特指用法的差别；不行数名词前面的冠词用法；单数可数名词前的冠词用法；不定冠词a,an与定冠词the相混杂的错误使用；固定搭配中的冠词错误等等为学生常有的失误【教课要点和难点】1.不用冠词的状况2.定冠词的使用状况3.不定冠词常用的几种状况4.冠词表类其余常有方式5.冠词地点问题【教课过程】1.不用冠词的状况（1）专出名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人

2、名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。China,America,SmithAirismatter.（2）可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词全部格等限制时，不加冠词。Thisdictionaryismine.（3）季节、月份、礼拜、节日、假日、每日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。March,MayDay,NationalDay,ChildrensDay,WomensDayHaveyouhadsupper?Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.4）称号语或指家用聘用的nurse、cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词。Whatsthis,Father

3、?Wemadehimourchairman.Asknursetoputthechildtobed.ProfessorLi.（5）学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。Doyoustudyphysics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess.（6）复数名表示泛指一人或事物前不用冠。Theyarepeasants/workers.（7）在与by用的交通工具名称前不加冠。bycar,bybus,bybike,bytrain,byair/water/land但：takeabus,comeinaboat,onthetrain/bus需注意。8）某些固定中不用冠。名中：husbandan

4、dwife,brotherandsister,bodyandsoul,dayandnight,knifeandfork介中：to(at,from)school,in(to)class,in(to,at,from)university（college）,to（in,into,from）church,to(in,into,outof)prison(hospital,bed),to(at,from,outof)work,to(in,from)town,at(from)home,to(at)sea,atnight(noon,midnight),bycar(bus,bicycle,plane),onfo

5、ot注意：在有些中，有无冠含不一样。inhospital住院（因病）inthehospital在医院（工作、参等）infrontof在前面，指某物体以外inthefrontof在前部，指某物以内incharge，主管outofquestion没inthecharge由outofthequestion不行能（9）as引的步状从句中，作表的名不冠。Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench.（10）系turn（作“成”解）后作表的数可数名前不用冠。Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter.Theyounggirlhasbecomeawriter.11）在数名+

6、after+同一数名（表示“一个接一个”）构中，数可数名前不加冠。Shedidexperimentafterexperiment.似的有：shopaftershop,mistakeaftermistake（12）形容的最高前、序数前也有不用定冠的状况。“most+形容原”作“十分、特别、极”解，前面不用定冠。Oh,itsmostbeautiful.当两个形容最高并列修同一个名，第二个形容前往常不用定冠。Sheisthetallestandfattestgirlinourschool.当形容最高作表，不表示与其余人或物对比，其前不用定冠。Themarketinthecountryisbusies

7、tinwinter.形容最高前出名全部格或物主代，不可以用定冠。Awolfinasheepsskinisourmostdangerousenemy.序数前面一般加定冠表示“第”之意，但在second、third等前加不定冠表示“又一，再一”之意。whyyoutookasecondarrow注意：下句中“afirst”表示“第一名、冠”。Heisatopstudentinourclass;heoftengetsafirstinmaths.（13）no与such用放在such以前，such后边的名不用冠。Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage.（14）nev

8、er、ever置于作主的名前，些名前不用冠。Neverdidstudentstudysohard.个学生从未学得么真。（15）有了省空、金和精力，或了惹起注意力，省去a(n)或the,主要用于新、工商文件、广告、通告、提、名等。Conferenceopens.会召开了。2.定冠的使用状况（1）使用定冠的一般状况。特指或第二次提到。序数前、最高前、唯一无二的西前。用于表示明物的数名前或某些出名前。2）定冠使用特别的合。Hehithimintheface.beatsb.onthenose,takesb.bythearm,patsb.ontheheadtherich,thepoor,thewound

9、ed富人，人，theelderofthetwo,hemorebeautifulofthetwo二者中年的一位，美丽的一个Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。Hegotpaidbythehour.他是按小付工的。bytheyard/thedozen/themonth/theyear但：byweight按重量inthe50s/inthe1870s（表示年月）theSmiths/theWhites（表示一家人或夫）inthewater/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/raintellthetruth/ontheotherhand/on

10、thewayhome当抽象名表示某一特定内容，特是当它有一限制性修，它与定冠用：Sheisfondofmusic.HeisplayingthemusicwrittenbyBeethoven.Goodadviceisbeyondprice.Imsorrynottohavetakentheadvicehegave.3.不定冠常用的几种状况1）表示“一”相当于“one”。Illreturninadayortwo.2）表示“每”相当于“per”。Wehavethreemealsaday.3）表示“同一性”相当于“thesame”。Thechildrenareofanage.4）表示指，表示“某”。He

11、wantstoheadoctor.5）表示泛指，相当于“any”。Ahorseisausefulanimal.6）表示某一个，相当于“acertain”。AMr.Smithisaskingtoseeyou.7）与抽象名用，能够表示“一、一次、一件”，如：apleasure一件事，asurprise一件令人惊的事，ajoy一件高的事，apity一件憾的事，anhonour一个（件）以荣的人(事)。（8）与物名用，表示“一种，一、一份”。Whataheavyrain!Whatagoodsupper!Pleasegivemeablackcoffee!4.冠表的常方式（1）定冠词+单数可数名词，表示一

12、个，代表一类。Thecomputerwasinventedin1945.TheTVsetwasinventedbyJoanBaird.Thehorseisausefulanimal.（2）不定冠词+单数可数名词（表示随意一个，某一个）。Apenisatoolforwriting.Asquarehasfoursides.Ahorseisausefulanimal.注意：man,woman表示泛指时，不用冠词，且常用单数。如：Manisfightingabattleagainstpollution.Mantriestobetheprotectorofwoman.（3）可数名词或不行数名词，指类型（

13、考虑到同类中的各个状况）。Horsesareusefulanimals.Riceisakindoffood.5.冠词地点问题1）不定冠词+副词+形容词+名词。Thisisaveryinterestingstory.2）such、what、both、all、quite、rather+不定冠词+形容词+名词。Iveneverseensuchafilm!Halfapoundofpork,please!Whatagoodideaitis!3）as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Icant

14、finishthetaskinsoshortatime.Thisseemsnottoolongadistance.Wewonderhowdifficultaproblemheworkedout.Howeverlowtepriceyoupaid,youwasteyourmoney.Heisbraveenoughahuntertokillthebear.4）定冠词地点。half、twice、threetimes+the+名词Hepaidtwicethepriceforit.Theirhouseisthreetimesthesizeofyours.all、both、double+the+名词Both

15、theblindmenweremistaken.Allthestudentsinourclassareeagertoknowthesecret.Iofferedhimdoubletheamount,buthestillrefused.【讲堂练习】句子改错：下边各句A,B,C,D中有一处错误，请指出并更正。1.Mayisafifthmonthoftheyear.ABCD2.Thefilmhasbeenonforhalfahour.ABCD3.Theboysandthegirlsoftenplaythefootballintheafternoon.ABCD4.Itlooksrain.Whynott

16、akeaumbrellawithyou?ABCD5.LiMeioftengivesussomegoodinformationbythee-meil.ABCD6.Weveplantedtwohundredstreesinthecentreofourcitythisyear.ABCD7.Fivemillionofdollarsisalotofmoney.ABCD8.Therearethousandofchildrenintheparknow.ABCD9.Bytheendoftwentycentury,theworldpopulationhadpassedsixbillion.ABCD10.Over

17、threefifthoftheworldsbooksandnewspapersarewritteninEnglish.ABCD【练习答案】1.Bathe2.Daan3.C去掉the4.Caan5.D去掉the6.Btwohundredstwohundred7.B去掉of8.Bthousandthousands9.Btwentytwentieth10.Athreefifththreefifths【家庭作业】.单项填空1.ThismorningIhad_eggandabottleofmilkformybreakfast.A.anB.aC.theD./2.-Whatsthematterwithyou

18、?-Icaught_badcoldandhadtostayin_.A.a;/B.a;theC.a;aD.the;the-Haveyouseen_pen?Ileftitherethismorning.-Isit_blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a4._sunisshiningbrightly.A.AB.AnC.TheD./5.Thereis_“h”inthewordhour.A.aB.theC.anD./DidyouenjoyyourstayinXian?Yes.Ihad_wonderfultime.A.aB.a

19、nC.theD./7._sunisbiggerthan_earth.A.A;theB.A;anC.The;anD.The;the8.Thereis_appleandsomepearsonthetable.A.theB./C.aD.an9.Davidhas_cat.Itsverynice.A.aB.anC.theD./10.Imreading_novel.Itis_interestingstory.A.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD./;an11.ItissaidthatSARShaskilledmorethan_peopleworldwide.A.threehundredsB.threehundredsC.threehundredsD.threehundred12.-Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?-Therearetwo_.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof-Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?-_.A.Two-thirdsB.AhalfC.AquarterD.Three-fourths14.-Whatdoyouthinkofawar,LiMing?-Ivenoidea.Butitsafactthat_peopleavehadtheirtohomet