物联网与智能建筑外文文献翻译2019

1、物联网与智能建筑外文翻译2019英文Adopting Internet of Things for the development of smart buildings: Areview of enabling technologies and applicationsMengda Jia, Ali Komeily,etcAbstractThe 21st century is witnessing a fast-paced digital revolution. A significant trend is that cyber and physical environments are be

2、ing unprecedentedly entangled with the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT). IoT has been widely immersed into various domains in the industry. Among those areas where IoT would make significant impacts are building construction, operation, and management by facilitating high-class services, provid

3、ing efficient functionalities, and moving towards sustainable development goals. So far, IoT itself has entered an ambiguous phase for industrial utilization, and there are limited number of studies focusing on the application of IoT in the building industry. Given the promising future impact of IoT

4、 technologies on buildings, and the increasing interests in interdisciplinary research among academics, this paper investigates the state-of-the-art projects and adoptions of IoT for the development of smart buildings within both academia and industry contexts. The wide-ranging IoT concepts are prov

5、ided, covering the necessary breadth as well as relevant topic depth that directly relates to smart buildings. Current enabling technologies of loT, especially those applied to buildings and related areas are summarized, which encompasses three different layers based on the conventional IoT architec

6、ture. Afterwards, several recent applications of IoT technologies on buildings towards the critical goals of smart buildings are selected and presented. Finally, the priorities and challenges of successful and seamless IoT integration for smart buildings are discussed. Besides, this paper discusses

7、the future research questions to advance the implementation of IoT technologies in both building construction and operation phases. The paper argues that a mature adoption of IoT technologies in the building industry is not yet realized and, therefore, calls for more attention from researchers in th

8、e relevant fields from the application perspective.Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Smart buildings, Built environment, State of the art review Application assessmentIntroductionIn the past decades, a great deal of research focused on smart buildings, communities, cities, and infrastructures 1,2.

9、 Among others, one of the motivations behind these researchactivities is to develop an approach to provide reliable and energy efficient services without compromising the comfort and satisfaction level of people in the targeted contexts. However, until now, this topic is still being explored though

10、researchers have studied related issues from different aspects 93, 94, 95, 96, as the practical implementation plan is under investigation, and the topic involves an adaptation of technologies and knowledge from multi-disciplines. From the operational perspective, the current progress towards the de

11、velopment of smart buildings, communities, and cities may be described as isolated and segmentedin terms of integration of technology and application development, mainly owing to the current IoT applications limitations and sensor networks in buildings, cities, and infrastructures that are not seaml

12、essly unified 3.Buildings are one of the basic while crucial units for humans living environment. The concept of smart buildings originates with the increase in integration of advanced technology to buildings and their systems such that the buildings whole life cycle can be remotely operated and con

13、trolled for convenience, comfort, and in a cost- and energy-efficient manner. It is widely accepted that the use of new technologies is a fundamental prerequisite to achieve the realization of smart buildings (also known as intelligent buildings), which includes, but is not limited to, sensor deploy

14、ment, big data engineering and analytics, cloud and fog computing, software engineering development, and human-computer interaction algorithms, etc. Among these supporting technologies, one of the trending areas is the development of Internet of Things (IoT), as one of the challenges of smart buildi

15、ngs is to deal with a complex web of interconnected functional entities in different aspects of a building 4,5.With the use of IoT, there is an enormous potential to make considerable progress towards the envisioned goals. Given the diversity of the stakeholders and applications of IoT, a multitude

16、of definitions for the technology are available in the literature 6. On the technological side, IoT may be realized as the convergence of three major paradigms, namely: Things-oriented vision, Internet-oriented vision, and Semantic-oriented vision 7. On this basis, the authors propose a Human-orient

17、ed vision to be incorporated as the fourth paradigm on the application side.The architecture of IoT is crafted to equip all objects with identifying, sensing, networking, and processing capabilities, so that these objects could exchange and share information with each other and develop advanced serv

18、ices over the Internet. Thus, the interconnection would further facilitate deeper insight of complex systems, provide dynamic context-aware decision-making capabilities and intelligent autonomy. These capabilities pave the way for achieving the goals in smart buildings which is integrated ambient in

19、telligence by creating a global network supporting ubiquitous computing 8, 9, 10 as well as context-awareness among devices 11. In 2008, the US National Intelligence Council envisioned IoT as one of the areas with potential influence on US comprehensive national power and included it in the list of

20、six“ Disruptive Civil Techrkaogfes surprising) ly , inthe past five years, a speedy growth in number of connected devices has been observed. Cisco reported that in 2010, the number of connected devices per person is more than six considering those who use the Internet and estimated that the number o

21、f connected devices worldwide will rise from 20 billion today to 50 billion by 2020 13,14.The emergence of IoT is an evolutional outcome of a series of existing technologies such as wireless sensor networks (WSN), and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, etc. The implications of IoT is two-fold:?

22、Integration of sensing, storage, networkprocessing, and computing capabilities into everyday objects (e.g. home appliances, door, window, lights, smoke detectors, etc.) and bringing them online, even though they might not be originally designed with these capabilities. This is contrary to most of th

23、e devices which are currently on the Internet and were originally designed to be part of it (e.g. smart phones, laptops, etc.).?Integration of networks which include objects mentioned above. This would make them accessible via the network.The ambient intelligence offered by IoT facilitates every obj

24、ect to understand their environments, establish meaningful interaction with people and assist people in decision-making. Although researchersare still facing technical challenges to develop, apply, and eventually maturing IoT 15, the technology has been given high expectation to be applicable to a v

25、ariety of industries, such as healthcare, manufacturing, retail, farming, industrial automation, etc. 16,17. Meanwhile, the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operation (AECO) industry also attempts to adopt IoT to push the progress of connected informatization, which is one of the aims of

26、 smart buildings. However, the focus of researchers currently place on the development of application solutions of IoT in the building industry could be further strengthened. The reason is that, currently, most of the efforts are situated in the improvement of IoT technology itself, i.e., mostly con

27、centrated in electrical engineering and computer science areas. Nevertheless, the collaboration of other disciplines including civil engineering or building technology is also required to identify the problems and challenges that would be solved or improved by using IoT and consequently facilitate t

28、he adaptability of IoT in smart buildings. Moreover, the research on application of IoT can conversely discover more potential problems and research directions on IoT development, both on the technological and methodological sides.As a recent trend, IoT has started to penetrate in the building indus

29、try in the past years. Researchers and practitioners are both exploring the benefits and drawbacks of IoT through actual implementation. For example, several companies including IBM and Intel are already launching their products of smart buildings to the world 18, demonstrating the competitive edge

30、and future tendency of loT. Therefore, it is necessaryto understand how to integrate IoT into this industry to benefit the development of smart buildings. However, to the best of the authors knowledge, although surveys for IoT-based smart buildings exist (e.g. smart home technologies) 4,19, current

31、literatures lack a comprehensive review and analysis of IoT applications to the overall fields for future building development. Furthermore, as the interest for interdisciplinary research continues to increase, an analytical review may be a new starting point for researchers in the fields of civil,

32、construction, and architectural engineering. Hence, although the entire IoT sector is technology driven and suffers from a top down approach while the users are not the core that drives the change, a thorough understanding of the technical needs and potential application areas to the building indust

33、ry is significant to help supplement improvement dimensions of IoT and expedite the development of smart buildings.Research motivation and contributionThe motivation for this paper comes from the nature and requirement of smart buildings. A well-developed smart building contains extensive aspects of

34、 technical support, among which IoT is recognized as the crucial one. With the rapid pace of technology development and collaboration trends of different industries, this paper aims to guide stakeholders in the building industry of a better path to properly use IoT to address specific issues, and in

35、spire researchers thinking in the technology industry for future advancing. That said, this paper emphasizes the functionalities improved by IoT and the solutions of adopting IoT in buildings, instead of pointing out the technical defects of IoT itself.In addition, this paper does not intend to disc

36、uss a single topic of smart buildings multitudes of specifics that IoT can benefit, rather it aims to stand on a higher level to offer and deliberate a broad overview for researchersin relevant areas as a summary of the emerging literature targeting the application of IoT in the context of buildings

37、. This paper can serve as an origin that leads to diverse tributary research questions for interested scholars.Therefore, this paper is presented with a novel perspective and contributes in four primary aspects, namely: 1) to provide researchers and professionals in relevant fields of civil and cons

38、truction engineering, building science, sustainability, etc., with holistic domain-related knowledge of IoT; 2) to fill the gap in the current literature by focusing on the current state and potential future of IoT in the building industry; 3) to discuss the current enabling technologies, applicatio

39、ns, and recent developments of IoT, along with application recommendations for adopting IoT for the function improvement in buildings; and 4) to explore the challenges on the path of IoT for the building industry, including thewhole building life cycle, i.e., cradle-to-grave.A comprehensive survey o

40、f the literature was performed accordingly. Given that IoT is still in formative stages and has not yet been fully realized in the building industry, the reviewed literature included a diverse set of journal articles, conference papers, edited volumes, and technical reports in multiple fields such a

41、s computer science, or automation in construction, etc.Overview of IoT technology for smart buildingsFrom the users perspective, a typical IoT system consists of five major components according to the components contribution and function in IoT system, namely: 1) Devices or Sensors (terminal), 2) Ne

42、tworks (communication infrastructure), 3) Cloud (data repository and data processing infrastructure), 4) Analytics (computational and data mining algorithm), and 5) Actuators or User interfaces(services), as shown in Fig. 2.The design of an IoT system architecture lies in the heart of enabling the f

43、unctionality of an IoT system, which is interconnecting heterogeneouscomponents anytime and anywhere through the Internet. The architecture of IoT system is typically divided on a layering basis, and many researchers have proposed their models to fulfill certain needs. Some common architectures incl

44、ude three-layer, SOA-based, middle-ware based, and five-layer; for additional details refer to16,20, 21, 22. For this paper, a more conventional architecture is adopted and discussed, namely three-layer architecture, along with its connection to smart buildings. Among others, one of the reasons to f

45、ocus on this type of architecture is that the application layer is sub-divided into several sub-layers in other architecture types, while those sub-layers do not necessarily fit the scope and objective for smart buildings development. Also, the three-layer architecture is more applicable for stakeho

46、lders from the IoT application perspective. Particularly for building industry researchers, a three-layer architecture is sufficient and suitable for an effective adoption of IoT for general functionality implementation.StandardsThe standards of perception layer depend on the specific devices used i

47、n the IoT system. Organizations of ISO, IEC, IEEE created many world-wide standards to improve the level of compatibility. For example, ISO/IED 29182 formulates Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) for WSN 21. The communication standard of WSN is usually represented by IEEE 802.15.4, a short

48、-range communication protocol maintained by the IEEE 802.15 working group. For RFID, some standards are ISO 15459 which defines identification of individual transport product 29, ISO 11784 that regulates the data structure of RFID used in animal tracking, ISO 18047 for equipment performance10 testin

49、g and ISO 18000 for goods tracking 30.Examples in the building industry on perception layerIn the research areas of built environment, the emphasis is usually placed on energy use, occupant activities, and environmental conditions. As a data sensing system, WSN attracts the interest of many scholars

50、 in the area, due to its low-cost and easy-to-deploy properties. Jang et al. 31 proposed a web-based WSN system for building environment monitoring. The system implementation starts from the sensor node design, which includes a microprocessor, radio hardware, sensor board, and power source. Temperat

51、ure, light, acceleration, and magnetic sensors are embedded in the sensor node. Then, software was written to the on-board microprocessor to convert the sensors signals to digital values. The system also involved data collection part using MySQL as the database. For the convenience at the user end,

52、scripts were written in PHP to display the information needed on a webpage, so that the user will not be limited by skills in programming for access of data. The proposed system provided a potential path for engineers to use WSN for the whole building monitoring.中文采用物联网发展智能建筑：技术和应用回顾摘要1121世纪见证了快速的数字

53、革命。一个重要的趋势是，物联网（IoT） 的出现给网络和物理环境带来了前所未有的纠结。物联网已广泛浸入行业的各个领域。物联网将产生重大影响的领域包括通过促进高级服 务，提供高效功能以及朝着可持续发展目标发展的建筑施工，运营和管理。到目前为止，物联网本身已经进入了工业利用的模糊阶段，并 且针对物联网在建筑行业中的应用的研究很少。 鉴于物联网技术对建 筑物的未来发展前景可观，以及学者们对跨学科研究的兴趣日益浓 厚，本文研究了在学术界和行业环境下物联网在智能建筑发展中的最 新项目和采用情况。提供了广泛的物联网概念，涵盖了与智能建筑直 接相关的必要广度和相关主题深度。总结了当前的物联网使能技术， 尤其

54、是那些应用于建筑物和相关区域的物联网技术，它涵盖了基于常规物联网架构的三个不同层。之后，选择并介绍了物联网技术在建筑 物上实现智能建筑物关键目标的几种最新应用。 最后，讨论了智能建 筑成功和无缝物联网集成的优先事项和挑战。 止匕外，本文讨论了未来 的研究问题，以推进物联网技术在建筑施工和运营阶段的实施。该论文认为，物联网技术尚未在建筑行业中得到成熟应用，因此，需要从 应用的角度来关注相关领域的研究人员。关键字：物联网，智能建筑，建筑环境，最新技术审查应用评估 引言在过去的几十年中，大量研究集中在智能建筑，社区，城市和基 础设施。这些研究活动背后的动机之一是开发一种方法，以提供可靠和节能的服务，

55、而又不损害目标环境中人们的舒适度和满意度。 然而,12直到现在，尽管研究人员已经从不同方面研究了相关问题，但仍在探索这个主题，因为正在研究实际的实施计划，并且该主题涉及对来自 多学科的技术和知识的适应。从运营的角度来看，目前在智能建筑， 社区和城市发展方面的进展可能被描述为技术和应用开发集成方面 的隔离和细分，这主要是由于当前物联网应用的局限性和建筑物中的 传感器网络，城市和基础设施之间没有无缝统一。建筑物是人类生活环境的基本但至关重要的单元之一。智能建筑的概念起源于将先进技术集成到建筑物及其系统中的不断增加，从而可以方便，舒适，经济高效地对建筑物的整个生命周期进行远程操作 和控制。人们普遍认

56、为，使用新技术是实现智能建筑（也称为智能建 筑）的基本前提，其中包括但不限于传感器部署，大数据工程和分析， 云和雾计算，软件工程开发和人机交互算法等。在这些支持技术中， 趋势之一是物联网（IoT）的发展，因为智能建筑的挑战之一是应对 复杂的建筑。建筑物不同方面的相互连接的功能实体的网络 4,5。通 过使用物联网，在实现预定目标方面有巨大的潜力。 考虑到利益相关 者的多样性和物联网的应用，文献中提供了多种技术定义6。在技术 方面，物联网可以实现为三个主要范式的融合， 即：面向事物的视觉， 面向互联网的视觉和基于语义的视觉7。在此基础上，作者提出了以 人为本的愿景，将其作为应用程序方面的第四范式并

57、入。物联网的体系结构旨在为所有对象提供识别， 感应，联网和处理 能力，以便这些对象可以彼此交换和共享信息并通过 Internet开发高 级服务。因此，互连将进一步促进对复杂系统的更深入了解，提供动13 态的上下文感知决策能力和智能自主性。 这些功能通过创建支持普适 计算以及设备之间的上下文感知的全球网络， 为实现集成了环境智能 的智能建筑的目标铺平了道路。 2008年，美国国家情报委员会将物 联网视为对美国综合国力有潜在影响的领域之一，并将其列入六种“破坏性民用技术”列表中。毫不奇怪，在过去的五年中，已观察到 连接设备数量的快速增长。思科报告称，2010年，考虑到使用Internet 的人，人

58、均连接设备数量已超过6个，并估计全球连接设备的数量将 从今天的200亿增加到2020年的500亿。物联网的出现是无线传感器网络（ WSN）和机对机（M2M ）通 信等一系列现有技术的演进成果。物联网的含义有两方面：?将传感，存储，网络，处理和计算功能集成到日常对象（例如 家用电器，门，窗户，灯，烟雾探测器等）中，并使它们联机，即使 它们最初并非设计为具有这些功能。这与当前在Internet上且最初设计为成为Internet一部分的大多数设备（例如，智能手机，笔记本电 脑等）相反。?包含上述对象的网络的集成。这将使它们可以通过网络访问。物联网提供的环境智能可帮助每个对象了解其环境，与人建立有意义

59、的互动并协助人们进行决策。尽管研究人员在开发，应用和最终 使物联网成熟方面仍面临技术挑战，但人们对该技术的期望值很高， 可应用于各种行业，例如医疗保健，制造业，零售，农业，工业自动 化等。同时，建筑，工程，建造和运营（AECO）行业也试图采用IoT 来推动互联信息化的发展，这是智能建筑的目标之一。但是，目前研14 究人员对建筑行业物联网应用解决方案开发的关注可以得到进一步 加强。原因是，目前，大多数努力都在于改善 IoT技术本身，即主要 集中在电气工程和计算机科学领域。尽管如此，还需要其他学科的合 作，包括土木工程或建筑技术，以识别使用物联网将解决或改善的问 题和挑战，从而促进物联网在智能建筑中的适应性。而且，对物联网 应用的研究可以从技术和方法两方面反过来发现更多的潜在问题和 物联网发展的研究方向。作为最近的趋势，物联网在过去几年已开始渗透到建筑行业。 研 究人员和从业人员都在通过实际实施来探索物联网的利弊。例如，包括旧M和Intel在内的多家公司已经将其智能建筑产品推向世界，证 明了物联网的竞争优势和未来趋势。 因此