2008高考英语单项选择题解题方法

1、 高 考 英 语 单 项 选 择 题 解 题 方 法 湖南英语高考自去年以来,单项选择题注重对语法根底知识极其运用能力的考查,不再将词义辨析题(含短语动词)和交际用语 列为单项选择题的考查范围,将其分别纳入完形填空和听力局部考查. 命题趋势: 1. 考查根底语法知识. 2. 考查语法知识的运用能力. 命题特点：注重语境,强调运用涉及知识面广，涵盖了冠词形容词副词动词非谓语动词定语从句及状语从句等。动词一直是考查的重点。.语境设置更为真实自然巧妙。词汇语法知识越考越活。解题策略归纳为以下四法： 1.题眼法。2.复原法。3.一致法。4.标点法。一. 题眼法 题眼法即语境分析法。“眼指的是题干中的解

2、题关键信息，一旦抓住了它，就能掌握选择的依据。在解题时同学们应树立全局观和整体观，认真分析语境准确理解和把握信息并关注关键词句找出突破口。例如：(1)-Is there fog in the evening? -There_be. Ill make a phone call to find it out.must B. would C. will D. might(2) Most of the Europeans refuse to accept GM food _Americansregard it as the fruit from high tech.when B. as C. whil

3、e D. the moment(3) Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Doctor Li _for Beijing to join in the fight against SARS, so we only had time for a few words.just left B. had just left C. is just leaving D. was just leaving(4) Is there any possibility of the film _in Paris International Festival.being tried ou

4、t B. trying out C. tried out D. to try out(5) _, but he insisted that he _to school.A. Though he was ill; went B. Having been ill; wentC. Having been ill; should go D. He was ill;goDCDAD二. 复原法 复原法，即句子结构分析法。很多高考单项选择题考点实为难度 较小的简单句，但命题人往往通过加长句式，将陈述句改为疑问或感慨等句型，使用插入语，采用倒装和省略等手段使简单的句式复杂化, 以增加干扰因素。解题时，同学们应

5、通过句型分析弄清题干的来龙去脉，复原简单句的本来面目。主要有如下八种复原方式：1. 将疑问句复原成陈述句。例如：Whom is it up to _the matter?decide B. to decide C. deciding D. decided解析：将题干复原为陈述句：答案为：It is up to sb. to decide the matter. B2 将感慨句复原成陈述句。例如： _role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. A. How interesting B. How an interesti

6、ng C. What interesting D. What an interesting 解析：将题干复原为陈述句： 因此答案为： 3 将被动语态复原成主动语态。例如： Our time should be made full use of _. A. study B. studied C. studying D. to study 解析：将题干复原为成主动语态： 因此答案为： She played an interesting role in the film.D We should make full use of our time to study. D4 将倒装语序复原成正常语序。例

7、如： Here is a note book, in which _ the names of the visitors. A. write B. written C. were written D. was written 解析：将题干复原为正常语序: 因此答案为： 5 将强调句式复原成一般句式。 例如: It was _ that resulted in the terrible car accident. A. because of her carelessness B. her being careless C. because she was careless D. she was

8、so careless 解析：将题干复原为一般句式: 因此答案为：The names of the visitors were written in the note book.CHer being careless was resulted in the terrible car accident.B6 将先行词复原到定语从句中。例如:The study you have been making _the ancient Chinese charactersis an instructive job.to B.for C. of D. from解析: 把定语从句 先行词 the study

9、复原回从句中得出:因此答案为:7 删除附加结构,将复杂句复原成简单句。 例如:John plays football _, if not better than, David.as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as解析: 将插入语 if not better than 删除得出:因此答案为:You have been making the study of the ancient Chinese characters.CJohn plays football as well as David.B8 将省略句复原成完整的句子。例如: -Do

10、you know what Tom does all day ? -I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he _ his lessons. A. is doing B. does C. spends in D. does doing 解析:将连词as 后的从句复原完整,得出: 此句中的 spends 可用 来代替. 因此答案为:doesDas he spends (in) doing his lessons. 三. 一致法 一致法是另一种句子结构分析法,即在解题时我们要注意句子前后的关系要一致,包括主谓一致,时态一致,代词

11、一致,比较对象一致等等,以此找到解题的突破口.例如:The man rushed out of the room, _into his car and started it hurriedly, _to get home as soon as possible. A. got; hoped B. getting; and hoped C. got; hoping D. getting; hoped 解析: C 从and 可知,此题考查三个谓语动词rushed,got和started的并列, 时态要一致,所以第一空要填got,而第二空hoping是伴随状语.2. Written in a hur

12、ry, _.Peter made many mistakes in the paperThere are many mistakes in the paperwe found some mistakes in the paperthe paper is full of mistakes解析:3. Thinking about the fact that I was not prepared well enough, and _ to lose my face, I gave up this years civil service exam.didnt want B. not wanted C.

13、 not wanting D. not to want解析:分词做状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致.此题中written in a hurry 的逻辑主语应该是paper所以选择主语一致的 项。此题考查and连接的两个并列状语,前后形式要一致,not wanting ,与前面的thinking 一致,应选择 D C四. 标点法 在解答单项选择题时标点符号的作用不可无视.在做题时 一个标点符号可能就决定了一个题的答案.例如: 1. Our first destination was Indian Greek in Kansas._was then the frontier. A. Tha

14、t B. Which C. What D. Then 解析: 2. Everyone was on time for the meeting_Chris, whos usually ten minutes late for everything. A. but B. only C. even D. yet 解析: AC 从前后句间的句号可知,后半句是独立的句子而非从句,因此不可以在句首使用附属连词.故答案为 从破折号可知,符号后面的内容是对前面句子的补充说明。故答案为 3. They believe that the spirits are with the body of the dead

15、person for three days; _theres always someone to stay with the dead body. A. during which time B. during which C. during when D. during this time 解析: 由分号可知后半局部应该是一个独立的句子. 故答案应为D 总之,高考单项选择题尽管只有十五个小题,但考查内容涉及 面广并突出了综合性和语境化的特点.解题时,应结合语境,认真分 析句子,灵活运用语法词汇知识,通过现象看本质,从而到达分析问 题和解决问题的目的.稳固练习:( )1._, the earth

16、 moves around the sun . A. It is known that B. We all know C.What we know is D. As we all know( )2. During the test we were supposed to stay in our seats, keep our eyes on our work, _to anyone. A. but could not talk B. instead of speaking C. rather than speak D. and not to speak( )3. The country lif

17、e he was used to_greatly since 1992. A.change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed( )4. No progress was made in the trade talks as neither side would accept the conditions of _. A. others B. the other C. either D. another( )5.-It is 30 years since we last met. -But I still remember the story,

18、believe it or not, _we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. whenDDBBB标点法一致法复原法删除附加结构题眼法复原法删除附加结构( )6. When _ help, one often says “Thank you . or “It is kind of you. A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered( )7. _ he was the last man I wanted to see, I did all in my power to help him. A. As B. Now that C.Though D.However( )8. Who did the teacher _the article? A. have written B. have write C. had written D. has writing( )9. Its f