有机化学中英文对照表

1、有机化学中英文对照表有机化学可以直接下载WORD版本英文名汉文名Angularmethylgroup角甲基Alkylidenegroup亚烷基Allylgroup烯丙基Allylic烯丙型的Phenylgroup苯基Arylgroup芳基Benzylgroup苄基Benzylic苄型的Activatinggroup活化基团Chromophore生色团Auxochrome助色团Magneticallyanisotropicgroup磁各向异性基团Smallyring小环Commonring普通环Mediumrimg中环Largering大环Bridged-ringsystem桥环体系Spiroc

2、ompound螺环化合物Helicalmolecule螺旋型分子Octahedralcompound八面体化合物Conjugation共轭Conjugated-system共轭体系Acylcation酰基正离子Benzyliccation苄基正离子Arenirmion芳基正离子Ketylradical羰自由基Radicalion自由基离子Radicalcation自由基正离子Radicalanion自由基负离子Isomerism异构现象Aciform酸式循变结构立体化学光学活性右旋异构体左旋异构体FluxionalstructureStereochemistryOpticalactivityD

3、extroisomerLaevoisomer循变结构立体化学光学活性右旋异构体左旋异构体Tetrahedralconfiguration四面体构型Stereoisomerism立体异构现象Asymmetricatom不对称原子Asymmetriccarbon不对称碳Pseudoasymmetriccarbon假不对称碳虚拟原子等位虚拟原子等位的异位的对映异位的非对映异位的HomotopicHeterotopicEnantiotopicDiastereotopicConfiguration构型Absoluteconfiguration绝对构型Chirality手性Chiral手性的Chiralc

4、enter手性中心Chiralmolecule手性分子Achiral非手性的Fischerprojection费歇尔投影式Neomanprojection纽曼投影式D-LsystemofnomenclatureD-L命名体系R-SsyytemofnomenclatureR-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelonsequence顺序规则Symmetryfactor对称因素Planeofsymmetry对称面Mirrorsymmetry镜面对称Enantiomer对映异构体Diastereomer非对映异构体Epimer差向异构体Anomer端基差向异构体Erythroconfigurat

5、ion赤型构型Erythroisomer赤型异构体Threoconfiguration苏型构型Threoisomer苏型异构体Trigonalcarbon三角型碳Cis-transisomerism顺反异构EisomerE异构体ZisomerZ异构体Endoisomer内型异构体Exoisomer外型异构体Prochirality前手性Pro-Rgroup前R基团Pro-Sproup前S基团RefaceRe面SifaceSi面Racemicmixture外消旋混合物Racemiccompound外消旋化合物Racemicsolidsolution外消旋固体溶液Mesocompound内消旋化合

6、物Quasirecemate准外消旋体Conformation构象Conformational构象分析Torsionangle扭转角Rotamer旋转异构体Anticonformation反式构象Bisectingconformation等分构象Antiperiplanarconformation反叠构象Synperiplanarconformation顺叠构象Synclinalconformation反错构象Synclinalconformation顺错构象Eclipsedconformation重叠构象邻位交叉构象Gaucheconformation,skewcon-formationSt

7、aggeredconformation对位交叉构象Stericeffect空间效应Sterichindrance位阻邻位交叉构象Atropismer阻转异构体Puckeredring折叠环Conformationalinversion构象反转Chairconformation椅型构象Boatconformation船型构象Twistconformation扭型构象Skewboatconformation扭船型构象Half-chairconformation半椅型构象Pseudorotation假旋转Envelopeconformation信封型构象Axialbond直立键Equatorialb

8、ond平伏键Cisoidconformation顺向构象Transoidconformation反向构象Retentionofconfiguration构型保持Regioselectivity区域选择性Regiospecificity区域专一性Stereocelectivity立体选择性Stereospecificty立体专一性Conformer构象异构体Conformationaleffect构象效应Cramsrube克拉姆规则Prelogrule普雷洛格规则Stereochemicalorientation立体化学取向Conformationaltransmission构象传递Homolo

9、g同系物Ipsoposition本位OrthopositionMetapositionParapositionAmphiposition邻位间位对位远位Periposition近位邻位间位对位远位Trigonalhybridization三角杂化Molecularorbiralmethod分子轨道法Valencebondmethod价键法Delocalezedbond离域键Crossconjugation交叉共轭Vinylog插烯物Mesomericeffect中介效应Resonance共振Resonanceeffect共振效应Hyperconjugation超共轭Isovalenthyper

10、conjugation等价超共轭No-bondresonance无键共振Aromaticity芳香性Aromaticsexter芳香六隅Huckelrule休克尔规则Paramagneticringcurrent顺磁环电流Diamagneticringcruuent抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity同芳香性Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternanthydrocarbon交替烃Non-alternanthydrocarbon非交替烷Pericyclicreaction周环反应Electrocyclicrearrangement电环化重排Conrotatory顺旋Disroat

11、atory对旋Cycloaddition环加成Symmetryforbidden-reaction对称禁阻反应Synfacialreaction同面反应Antarafacialreaction异面反应Mobiussystem默比乌斯体系Leoisstructure路易斯结构Coordinate-covalentbond配位共价键Bananabond香蕉键Paulingelectronegativityscale鲍林电负性标度Polarizability可极化性Inductiveeffect诱导效应Fieldeffect场效应Electricaleffect电场效应tautomerism互变异构

12、Tautomerization互变异构化Keto-enoltautomerism酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-ketotautomerism酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamineatutomerism亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chaintautomerism环-链互变异构Valencetautomerism价互变异构Ambident两可的Solventeffect溶剂效应Acid-basecatalyxedreaction酸性溶剂Basicsolvent碱性溶剂Dielectricconstant介电常数Solvatedelectron溶剂化电子Acid-basecatalyzedreac

13、tion酸碱催化反应Conjugatebase共轭酸Conjugatebase共轭碱Thermodynamicacidity热力学酸度Kineticacidity动力学酸度电子给电子给体受体络合物Host主体Guest客体一级同位素效应二级同位数效应一级同位素效应二级同位数效应SecondaryisotopeeffectInverseisotopeeffect逆同位素效应Kineticcontrol动力学控制Thermodynamiccontrol热力学控制Substrate底物Intermediate中间体Reactiveintermediate活泼中间体Microscopicreversi

14、bility微观可逆性Hammondpostulate哈蒙德假说Linearfreeenergy线性自由能Non-bondedinteraction非键相互作用Torsionaleffect扭转效应Pitzerstrain皮策张力Restrictedrotation阻碍旋转Eclipsingeffect重叠效应Eclipsingstrain重叠张力Small-anglestrain小角张力Largeanglestrain大角张力Transannularinteraction跨环相互作用Transannularstrain跨环张力Istrain内张力Fstrain前张力Bstrain后张力Ano

15、mericeffectWaldeninversionRacemizationIsoinversionIsoracemizationHomochiralMechanism端基异构效应AnomericeffectWaldeninversionRacemizationIsoinversionIsoracemizationHomochiralMechanism端基异构效应瓦尔登反转外消旋化等反转等消旋纯手性的机理Unimolecularnucleophilic单分子亲核取代Bimolecularnucleophilicsub-stitution双分子亲核取代Bimolecularnucleophili

16、csubsti-tution(withallylicrearrange-ment)双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Internalnucleophilicsubstiru-tion分子内亲核取代Aromaticnucleophilicsubstitu-tion芳香亲核取代Unimolecularelectrophilicsub-stitution单分子亲电取代Bimolecularelectrophilicsubsti-tution双分子亲电取代单分子酸催化酰氧断裂双分子碱催化酰氧断裂单分子酸催化烷氧断裂双分子碱催化烷氧断裂Nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-larele

17、ctrophilicsubstitution亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecularelimination单分子酸催化酰氧断裂双分子碱催化酰氧断裂单分子酸催化烷氧断裂双分子碱催化烷氧断裂Bimolecularelimination双分子消除UnimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebaseBimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebase单分子共轭碱消除双分子共轭碱消除Bimoleculareliminationwithfor-mationofacarbonylgroup双分子羰基形成消除Unimolec

18、ularacid-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavageBimolecularbase-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavageUnimolecularacid-catalyzedalkyl-oxygencleavageBimllecularbase-catalyzedal-kyl-oxygencleavagen-allylcomplexmechanismn烯丙型络合机理Borderlinemechanism边理机理Homolysis均裂Heterolysis异裂Heterolyticmichanism异裂机理Counrergegenion反荷离子Ionpai

19、r离子对Carbocation碳正离子Nonclassicalcarbocation非经典碳正离子Carbanion碳负离子Maskedcarbanion掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid卡宾体Carbene卡宾Nitrene氮宾Carbine碳炔Electrophilicaddition亲电加成Electrophile亲电体Diaxialaddition双直键加成Markovnikovsrube马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikovaddition反马氏加成Michaeladdition迈克尔加成Substitution取代Electrophilicsubstitution亲电取代Ad

20、dition-eliminationmechanism加成消除机理Electrophilicaromaticsubstitu-tion亲电芳香取代Electrontransfer电子转移Electron-donatinggroup给电子基团Electron-Withdrawinggroup吸电子基团Deactivatinggroup钝化基团Orinentation取向Ortho-paradirectinggroup邻对位定位基Metadirectinggroup间位定位基Orthoeffect邻位效应Partialratefactor分速度系数Nucleophilicreaction亲核反应I

21、nternalreturn内返Nucleophilicity亲核体Nucleophilicity亲核性a-effecta-效应Backsideattack背面进攻Inversion反转Umbrellaeffect伞效应Push-pulleffect推拉效应Leavinggroup离去基团Electrofuge离电体Nucleofuge离核体Phase-transfercatalysis相转移催化邻助作用Neighboringgroupparticipation邻基基参与邻助作用Neighboringproupassistance,anchimericassistanceNeighboringg

22、roupeffect邻基效应Apofacialreaction反面反应Briddgeheaddisplacement桥头取代Arylaction芳正离子Benzyne苯炔Zaitsevrule札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsevorientation反札依采夫定向Hofmanns反应Alkylation烷基化C-alkylationC-烷基化O-alkylation0-烷基化N-alkylationN-烷基化Silylation硅烷基化Exhaustivemethylation彻底甲基化Secoalkylation断裂烷基化Demethylation脱甲基化Ethylation乙基化Aryla

23、tion芳基化Acylation酰化Formylation甲酰化Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Amination氨基化Bisamination双氨基化Cinesubstitution移位取代Transamination氨基交换Hydroxylation羟基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Decarboxylativenitration脱羧卤化Allylichalogenation烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation脱卤Nitration硝化Decarboxylativenitration脱羧硝化Nitrosat

24、ion亚硝化Sulfonation磺化Chlorosulfonation氯磺酰化Desulfonation脱磺酸基Sulfenylation亚磺酰化Sulfonylation磺酰化Chlorosulfenation氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation氯羰基化Diazotization重氮化Diazotransfer重氮基转移Couplingreaction偶联反应Diazoniumcoupling重氮偶联Cross-couplingreaction交叉偶联反应1,4-addition1，4-加成Conjugateaddition共轭加成Dimerization二聚Trimefiza

25、tion三聚Additivedimerization加成二聚sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Hydroboration硼氢化Oxyamination羟氨基化Insertion插入carbonylation羧基化Hydroformylation加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation加氢酰化Oxoprocess羰基合成Decarbonylation脱羰Hydrocarboxylation氢羧基化Homologization同系化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Decyanoethylation脱氰乙基Ringclsure环合Dienesynthesis双烯合成Di

26、enophile亲双烯体Endoaddition内型加成Exoaddition外型加成Diels-Alderreaction第尔斯-尔德反应RetroDiels-Alderreaction逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Enesynthesis单烯合成Anioniccycloaddition负离子环加成Dipolaraddition偶极加成-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除Dehydrohalogenation脱卤化氢Deamination脱氨基Pyrolyticelimination热解消除Elimination-ad

27、dition消除-加成Decarboxylation脱羧Decarboxamidation脱酰胺Decyanation脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkylcleavage烷基裂解Acylolysis,acylcleavage酰基裂解Flashpyrolysis闪热裂Fragmentation碎裂Chiletropicreaction螯键反应Chelation螯环化Esterification酯化Transesterification酯交换Saponification皂化Alcoholysis醇解Ethanolysis乙醇解Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Aminomethylati

28、on氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羟烷基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Haloalkylation卤烷基化Transacetalation缩醛交换Enolization烯醇化Haloformreaction卤仿反应Condensation缩合Aldolcondensation羟醛缩合Crossaldolcondensation交叉羟醛缩合Retrogradealdolcondensation逆羟醛缩合Acyloincondensation偶姻缩合Cyclization环化Annulation,annelation增环反应Sp

29、iroannulation螺增环Autoxidation自氧化烯丙型氢过氧化电化学氧化氧化脱羧催化氢化烯丙型氢过氧化电化学氧化氧化脱羧催化氢化Oxonolysis臭氧解ElectrochemicaloxidationOxidativedecarboxylationAromatization芳构化CatalytichydrogenationHeterogeneoushydrogenation多相氢化Homogeneoushydrogenation均相氢化催化脱氢转移氢化催化脱氢转移氢化溶解金属还原TransferhydrogenationHydrogenolysis氢解Dissolvingmet

30、alreductionSingleelectrontransfer单电子转移Bimolecularreduction双分子还原电化学还原Electrochemicalreduction电化学还原Reductivealkylation还原烷基化Reductiveacylation还原酰化Reductivedimerization还原二聚Deoxygenation脱氧Desulfurization脱硫Deselenization脱硒Mitallation金属化Lithiation锂化Hydrometallation氢金属化Mercuration汞化Oxymercuration羟汞化Aminomer

31、curation氨汞化Abstraction夺取反应Internalabstraction内夺取反应Rearrangement重排Prototropicrearrangement质了转移重排Doublebondmigration双键移位Allylicmigration烯丙型重排Allylicmigration烯丙型迁移Ringcontraction环缩小反应Ringexpansion,ringenlargement扩环反应-ketolrearrangement-酮醇重排Pinacolrearrangement频哪醇重排Retropinacolrearrangement逆频哪醇重排Semipin

32、acolrearrangement半频哪醇重排BenzilicrearrangementAcylrearrangementMigratoryaptitudeTransannularinsertion二苯乙醇酸重排酰基重排迁移倾向跨环插入跨环重排正离子转移重排负离子转移重排跨环重排正离子转移重排负离子转移重排-迁移重排Wax蜡Paraffinwax石蜡TransannularrearrangementMigration迁移Prototropy质子转移CationotropicrearrangementAnionotropy负离子转移AnionotropicrearrangementSigmatr

33、opicrearrangementHomosigmatropicrearrangement同迁移重排Electrophilicrearrangement亲电重排Photosensitization光敏化Forbiddentransition禁阻跃迁photooxidation光氧化Photoisomerization光异构化Photochemicalrearrangement光化学重排24有机化合物类名Aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon碳氢化合物Alkane烷Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide炔化物活泼氢化合物Activehydrogencompo

34、unds活泼氢化合物Carbonacid碳氢酸Superacid超酸Diene双烯Triene三烯Allene丙二烯Ccumulene累积多烯Enyne烯炔Diyne二炔Alkylhalide卤代烷Alcohol醇Homoallylicalcohol高烯丙醇Ether醚Epoxide环氧化物Cellosolve溶纤剂Crownether冠醚Netrocompound硝基化合物季铵化合物Amine胺季铵化合物Quaternaryammoniumcom-poundAmineoxide氧化胺Diazoalkane重氮烷Mercaptan硫醇Sulfonicacid磺酸Sulfoxide亚砜TOC o 1-5