2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷

1、2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷（总分：102.00，做题时间：90分钟）一、Vocabulary总题数：30,分数：60.00）Wheneverpossible,InahowwellshespeaksJapanese.（分数：2.00）showsupshowsaroundCshowsoffVD.showsout解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。showup意为“显现，显出”。showaround意为“参观”。showoff意为“炫耀，卖弄”，符合题意，故为答案。showout意为“送出（客人）”。句意为：无论什么时候，只要有可能艾娜都会炫耀她日语说得多么好。Asthedirectorc

2、antcometothereception,Imrepresentingthecompany.（分数：2.00）onhisaccountonhisbehalfVforhispartinhisinterest解析：解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。逗号前后为因果关系。onhisaccount意为“为了他的缘故”。onhisbehalf意为“以他的名义，代表他”，符合题意，故为答案。forhispart意为“至于他，对他来说”。inhisinterest表示“符合他的利益”。句意为：由于主管不能来参加这个接待会，所以我代表他担任本公司的代表。Thepriceofthecoalwillvaryaccord

3、ingtohowfarithastobetransportedandhowexpensivethefreightare.（分数：2.00）paymentschargesVfundsprices解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。payment意为“付款，偿还”。charge意为“要价，收费，费用”。freightcharge为固定搭配，表示“货运费”，故答案为B项。fund意为“资金；基金”。price意为“价格”。Theballtwoorthreetimesbeforerollingdowntheslope.（分数：2.00）swayedbouncedVhoppeddarted解析：解析：本题考查

4、动词辨析。sway意为“摇动，摆动”。bounce意为“反跳，反弹；（球）弹起”，符合题意，故为答案。hop意为“（人）单脚跳；（小动物）跳跃”。dart意为“猛冲，飞奔”。HehasbeentransferredtotheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterandiswaitingtosurgery.（分数：2.00）undergoVunfoldunderestimateundertake解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。undergo意为“经历；接受；遭受；忍受”，undergosurgery意为接受手术”，符合题意，故答案为A项。unfold意为“打开；展现”。

5、underestimate意为“低估，看轻”。undertake意为“着手做；承担；从事”。句意为：他已被转移到马里兰大学医学中心，正等待接受外科手术。Weholdthesetruthstobeself-:thatallmenarecreatedequal.（分数：2.00）essentialeternalCevidentVD.exquisite解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。essential意为“必要的；必不可少的；极其重要的；本质的”。eternal意为“不朽的；永久的；永恒的；无休止的”。evident意为“清楚的；显而易见的；显然的”，self-evident意为“不证自明的，不言而

6、喻的”，符合题意，故为答案。exquisite意为“精美的；精致的；剧烈的；强烈的”。句意为：我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，人生来就是平等的。7Thebearclawedthehunterwithinofhislife（分数：200）AcloseBreachCaspaceDaninchV解析：解析：本题考查固定搭配。withinaninchof为固定搭配，意为“差点儿；十分接近；几乎”。句意为：熊差一点把猎人撕碎。8ThethirdcandidateisaShesnewtopoliticsandisjustbeginninghercampaign（分数：200）AwhiteelephantBd

7、arkhorseVCsleeperDbighit解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。whiteelephant意为“昂贵而无用的东西，华而不实的东西”。darkhorse意为“黑马（最近刚取得或将要取得成功的新人）”。sleeper意为“出乎意料的成功者；爆冷门的人或事物”。bighit意为“热门；很受欢迎的人或事物”。根据空格后的句子“她是一个政坛新手，刚刚开始她的竞选活动”判断，空格所在句应表示“第三位候选人是匹黑马”，B项符合题意，故为答案。9WegototheSummerPalaceonfoot（分数：200）AonpurposeBonoccasionsVConbehalfDontrial解

8、析：解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。onpurpose意为“故意地”。onoccasions意为“间或，有时”。onbehalf意为“代表”。ontrial意为“在试验中；在受审”。根据句意判断，只能用表示频率的短语修饰“步行去颐和园”，故答案为B项。10Itwascloudythismorning,butitfine（分数：200）AturnedonBturnedoverCturnedupDturnedoutV解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。turnon意为“打开”。turnover意为“翻身，翻转；把移交”。turnup意为“出现，到场，出席；调大（音量等）”。turnout意为结果是，证明

9、是；（天气突然）变得（晴好）”，符合题意，故为答案。句意为：早晨还是阴天，但突然又转晴了。11.Inhistofurtherknowledgeoftheuniverse,manhasnowbeguntoexplorespace.（分数：2.00）attemptVexpeditiontrialchase解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。attempt意为“尝试；试图”，inonesattemptto为固定搭配，意为“尝试、试图做某事”，符合题意，故答案为A项。expedition意为“远征”。trial意为“审理；试用；预赛”。chase意为“追逐”。句意为：为了加深对宇宙的了解，人类已经开始探索太

10、空。Thebusmovedslowlyinthethickfog.Wearrivedatouralmosttwohourslater.（分数：2.00）designationdestinydestinationVdignity解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。空前的arrivedat提示，本空应填表示“地点”的名词，故答案为destination“目的地”。designation意为“指派，指定；命名”。destiny意为“命运”。dignity意为“尊严”。句意为：公共汽车在浓雾中缓慢地移动，我们几乎两个小时之后才到达目的地。Thenuclearfamilyaself-contained,sel

11、f-satisfyingunitcomposedoffather,motherandchildren.（分数：2.00）referstoVdefinesdescribesdevotesto解析：解析：本题考查动词（短语）辨析。分析题干句可知，空后内容为对thenuclearfamily（核心家庭）的解释，故refersto（指的是）为答案。define意为“解释，阐明，给下定义”。describe意为描写，形容”。devoteto意为“把献给，贡献于”。句意为：“核心家庭”指的是由父亲、母亲和孩子组成的独立的、自我满足的单元。14.Somepollsshowthatroughlytwo-thi

12、rdsofthegeneralpublicbelievethatelderlyAmericansarebysocialisolationandloneliness.（分数：2.00）reproachedfavoredplaguedVreprehended解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。reproach意为“责备，责怪”。favor意为“支持，赞成”。plague意为“困扰；使烦恼；折磨”，符合题意，故为答案。reprehend意为“批评，指责”。句意为：一些民意调查显示，大约23的公众认为，美国老年人受到被社会隔离和孤独的困扰。15.ThePacificislandattractsshoalso

13、ftouristswithitsrichoffolkarts.（分数：2.00）heritageVheredityheroismhermitage解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。heritage意为“（国家的）遗产，传统”，用rich修饰，符合题意，故为答案oheredity意为“遗传（过程）”。heroism意为英雄主义”。hermitage意为“隐居处，修道院”。句意为：太平洋岛以其丰富的民间艺术遗产吸引了大量的游客。16.Itisimperativethatstudentstheirtermpapersontime.（分数：2.00）handinginhandedinhandin丿woul

14、dhandin解析：解析：本题考查虚拟语气。与形容词imperative相关的名词性从句中要使用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词要使用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。故答案为C项。Anoldwomanwasbadlyhurtinthepolicedescribeasanapparentlymotivelessattack.（分数：2.00）thatwhichwhat丿whatever解析：解析：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。Anoldwomanwasbadlyhun为句子的主干，介词in后为宾语从句，明显宾语从句缺乏引导词，而且引导词需做动词describe的宾语，that在引导宾语

15、从句时，不做任何成分，故排除；本句中未出现限定的范围，排除which；此处已指定了具体的attack，排除whatever，因此选whato本题也可以改写为：Anoldwomanwasbadlyhurtinanaccidentthatthepolicedescribeasanapparentlymotivelessattack.因此，能代替anaccidentthat的只有what。句意为：一个老太太在一场在警方看来无明显动机的袭击中受重伤。onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgivehimasenseofinfinitepeace.（分数

16、：2.00）IfwalkingWhilewalkingWalkingWhenoneiswalking丿解析：解析：本题考查非谓语动词和状语从句。A项、B项和C项代入句中其逻辑主语均为“themountains”，明显与句意有逻辑错误。故只能选择为时间状语从句的D项。AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellboystogotoschool.（分数：2.00）tobeencouragedbeenencouragedbeingencouraged丿beencou

17、raged解析：解析：本题考查with复合结构。with复合结构有以下几种：with/without+名词/代词+形容词；with/without+名词/代词+副词；with/without+名词/代词+介词短语；with/without+名词/代词+动词不定式；with/without+名词/代词+分词。其中动词不定式表将来，分词指主动或被动。并且由于encouraged这个动作是伴随着expandingeducation而发生的，所以用现在分词的被动式，故答案为C项。Joandidntgotothepartylastnightbecauseshethebabyforhersisterunt

18、il9:30.（分数：2.00）musthavelookedafterwouldhavetolookedafterhadtolookafter丿shouldhavelookedafter解析：解析：本题考查句子时态。题干包含由because引导的原因状语从句，主句表示结果，从句表示原因，主从句时态应前后照应，所以用一般过去时，故答案为C项。WearegoingtoLondonnextmonth.ThiswillbethefirsttimeIthere.（分数：2.00）havetraveledVtravelwilltravelamtraveling解析：解析：本题考查句子时态。句型“Thisi

19、sthefirst/second/thirdtime+that从句”中，从句需用现在完成时，故答案为A项。Johnishardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.（分数：2.00）nolessVnomorenotlessnoso解析：解析：本题考查固定结构辨析。nolessthan意为“在方面不比差”，符合题意，故答案为A项nomorethan意为“和一样都不”。notlessthan意为“没有比更少；至少与一样”，相当于atleastasas。没有nosothan的用法。句意为：约翰并不比他妹妹少用功，但还是没通过考试。Americanseat

20、astheyactuallyneedeveryday.（分数：2.00）twiceasmuchproteinVtwiceproteinasmuchtwicetwiceproteinasmuchproteinastwicemuch解析:解析:本题考查倍数表达法。根据选项可知，本题采用的是“times+as+形容词/副词的原级+as”句型，即much修饰名词，应放在protein之前，twice表示倍数，修饰asmuchproteinas，也应前置，故答案为A项。Whowascomingtoseemeinmyofficethisafternoon?（分数：2.00）yousaiddidyousay

21、Vdidyousaythatyoudidsay解析：解析：本题考查插入语。分析句子结构可知，句子主干为去除空格后的所有内容，即“谁今天下午会到办公室来看我”，由此可知，空格处只是插入成分，选项中能够作插入语用到疑问句中的只有didyousay，故答案为B项。类似用法的还有doyouthink。句意为：你说今天下午谁会来办公室看我？25.Shewouldhavebeenmoreagreeableifshehadchangedalittlebit,?（分数：2.00）hadntshehasntshewouldntsheVdidntshe解析：解析：本题考查反义疑问句。当陈述句是一个主从复合句时，附

22、加疑问部分一般要根据主句的谓语形式而定，故答案为wouldntshe。26.youfurtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.分数：2.00）If;hadHave;hadCShould;haveVD.Incase;had解析：解析：本题考查虚拟语气。本句为省略了连接词if的虚拟语气，需将情态动词should提到句首引起倒装。根据句意表示的是对将来的假设，故排除If；had。也不是疑问句，故排除Have；had。incase引导的状语从句中大多用should，也可用实义动词的陈述语气，也排除Incase；had。27wewi

23、shhimprosperous,wehaveobjectionstohiswaysofobtainingwealth（分数：200）AMuchasVBAsmuchCMoreasDAswellas解析：解析：本题考查让步状语从句。本句为muchas引导的让步状语从句，muchas意为“虽然”，相当于although。句意为：虽然我们都希望他富起来，但我们反对他获得财富的方式。28AmongthefirsttocomeandliveinNorthAmerica,wholaterprosperedmainlyinNewEngland（分数：200）AhadbeenDutchsettlersBDutc

24、hsettlerswerethereCwereDutchsettlersVDDutchsettlershadbeenthere解析：解析：本题考查倒装。among介词短语放在句首，引起句子倒装，故排除B项和D项；本句是用过去时来叙述历史事实，而且谓语动词为be，并不表示某个动作的完成，故排除A项，答案为C项。29therewasanepidemicapproaching,MrSmiththeinvitationtovisitthatarea（分数：200）AIfheknew;wouldhavedeclinedBIfhehadknown;woulddeclineCHadheknown;would

25、declineDHadheknown;wouldhavedeclinedV解析：解析：本题考查虚拟语气。表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用wouldhavedone“Hadheknown”相当于“Ifhehadknown”，故答案为D项。30Inthedarktheycouldnotseeanythingclear,butcould（分数：200）AhearsomebodymournBhearsomebodymourningVChearsomebodymournedDhearsomebodyhadbeenmourning解析：解析：本题考查固定搭配。hearsb.doing

26、sth中，动词一ing作宾语补足语，指动作在进行当中。hearsb.dosth.中，dosth.为宾语补足语，指动作已发生、完成了，意思是“听到某人做了某事”，动作不再呈现，只能靠想象或回忆来叙述发生的事情，这里明显是指正在发生的动作，故答案为B项。二、ReadingComprehension（总题数：4分数：40.00）TheheadoftheLibraryofCongressistonameDonaldHall,awriterwhosedeceptivelysimplelanguagebuildsonimagesoftheNewEnglandlandscape,asthenations14

27、thpoetlaureatetoday.Mr.Hall,apoetinthedistinctiveAmericantraditionofRobertFrost,hasalsobeenaharshcriticofthereligiousrightsinfluenceongovernmentartspolicy.AndasamemberoftheadvisorycounciloftheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsduringtheadministrationofGeorgeH.W.Bush,hereferredtothosehethoughtwereinterfering

28、withartsgrantsasbulliesandartbashers.HewillsucceedTedKooser,theNebraskanwhohasbeenthepoetlaureatesince2004.TheannouncementofMr.HallsappointmentistobemadebyJamesH.Billington,theLibrarianofCongress.Mr.BillingtonsaidthathechoseMr.Hallbecauseofthesustainedqualityofhispoetry,thereachandthevarietyofthings

29、hetalksabout.LikeMr.Kooser,Mr.Billingtonsaid,Mr.Hallevokesasenseofplace.Mr.Hall,77,livesinawhiteclapboardfarmhouseinWilmot,N.H.,thathasbeeninhisfamilyforgenerations.Hesaidinatelephoneinterviewthathedidntseethepoetlaureateshipasabullypulpit.Butitsapulpitanyway,hesaid.IfIseeFirstAmendmentviolations,Iw

30、illspeakup.Mr.Hallisanextremelyproductivewriterwhohaspublishedabout18booksofpoetry,20booksofproseand12childrensbooks.Hehaswonmanyawards,includinganationalBookCriticsCircleAwardin1989forTheOneDay,acollection.Inrecentyearsmuchofhispoetryhasbeenpreoccupiedwiththedeathofhiswife,thepoetJaneKen-yon,in1995

31、.RobertPinsky,whowaspoetlaureatefrom1997to2000saidhewelcomedMr.Hallsappointment,especiallyinlightofhispreviousoutspokennessaboutpoliticsandarts.Thereissomethingnicelysymbolic,andmaybesurprising,Mr.Pinskysaid,thattheyhaveselectedsomeonewhohastakenastandforfreedom.Thepositioncarriesanawardof$35,000and

32、$5,000travelallowance.Itusuallylastsayear,thoughpoetsaresometimesreappointed.(分数：10.00).DonaldHall.(分数：2.00)usessimpleEnglishtoexpresstheimagesoftheNewEnglandlandscapeBdislikestheideaofimpactinggovernmentbytherightsideofthereligionVisthe14thpoetlaureateappointedbytheCongressDisamemberoftheadvisoryco

33、unciloftheNationalEndowmentfortheArts解析：解析：事实细节题。文章第二段第一句提到，霍尔(Mr.Hall)是对宗教右翼干涉美国文艺政策的尖锐批评者(aharshcriticofthereligiousrightsinfluenceongovernmentartspolicy),B项是对原文的同义转述，故为答案。文章第一段提到霍尔用看似简单的语言描绘新英格兰地区的风光，deceptively意为“欺骗性地”，由此可排除A项；第一段提到霍尔是被美国国会图书馆任命为第十四任桂冠诗人的，而不是被国会任命的，故排除C项；第二段提到霍尔在老布什任期内曾是全国艺术基金会顾

34、问委员会成员，故排除D项。JamesHBillington(分数：200)AlikesthepoemswithgreatdepthandwidthVBspeakshighlyofpoemsinsimpleEnglishratherthancomplexonesCprefersthepoemswithsustainedstyleandexpressionDlikesthepoemswiththeknowledgeofvariousthings解析：解析：推理判断题。第四段第二句提到比林顿选择霍尔是因为其诗作的稳定品质和其诗作内容的广度与深处，由此推断，比林顿喜欢有着广度和深度的诗歌，故答案为A项

35、。其余三个选项文中均未提及。.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?(分数：2.00)AMrHallhaspublishedmanybooksandmagazinesonpoemsMr.HallisacriticofliteratureintheU.S.Mr.Hallhasgotmanyprizesforhistalentsinwriting.VMr.Hallhasgotsupportfromhispredecessors.解析：解析：事实细节题。文章第六段提到，霍尔是个高产作家，获得过许多奖项，其作品集那一日曾获1989年的全美书评人协

36、会奖，故答案为C项。第六段提到霍尔出版过18本诗集、20本散文集和12本儿童文学作品，没有提到他出版过杂志，故排除A项；第二段第一句提到，霍尔是对宗教右翼干涉美国文艺政策的尖锐批评者，并非文学评论家，故排除B项；文中仅提到1997至2000年间任桂冠诗人的罗伯特品斯基对霍尔出任桂冠诗人表示欢迎，没有提到其他前任桂冠诗人对霍尔的支持，故排除D项。.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?(分数：2.00)Mr.Hallloveshiswifeverymuch.VMr.Halltakesthenewappointmentforgranted.Mr.Hallhasgotgre

37、atideasfromhiswife.Mr.Hallmayholdthepositionforanotheryear.解析：解析：推理判断题。第七段提到，霍尔近年来许多诗作的内容都是关于他的亡妻的，由此推断他很爱他的妻子，故答案为A项。其他三个选项在文中均未提及。.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?(分数：2.00)AGuardforPoliticsandArtsANewPoetLaureateVARepresentativeforFreedomTheWinningofaPoet解析：解析：文章主旨题。本文第一句为主旨句，提出美国国会图书馆馆长任命霍尔为第十四届桂

38、冠诗人。接着文章对霍尔和桂冠诗人作了介绍，由此可知B项最适合作本文的标题。Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaidthewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemany

39、ideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.Wedontalwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.SometimesourwordsdontmeananythingexceptImlettingoffsomesteam.IdontreallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatImsaying.JustpayattentiontowhatImfeeling

40、.Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,ThisstephastobefixedbeforeIllbuy.Theownersays,Itsbeenlikethatforyears.Actually,thestephasntbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis;Idontwanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycantyou?Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeani

41、ngcanbedevelopedthroughexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysargu

42、esafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriendsunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Fore

43、xample,apersonwhosaysNo!toaserialsofchargeslikeYouredumb,Yourelazy,andYouredishonest,mayalsosayNo!andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementisAndyouregoodlooking.Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,Itsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorrituali

44、stically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.(分数：10.00).Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconvers

45、ingpartners,if.(分数：2.00)theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideastheybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelingstheytrytounderstandeachothersideasbeyondwordstheyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwordsV解析：解析：事实细节题。第一段提到，言语能向我们提供信息，但含义来自许多其他来源，过度依赖言语本身将妨碍沟通的效率(hinderoureffectiveness)。任何我们给出的信息都包含了相关的想法，而言语仅能描述其中的

46、一小部分。如果我们能听到更多的话(listenformorethanwords),有时就能洞察出这些相关的想法。D项是对原文的同义转述，故为答案。其他三个选项文中均未提及。.Imlettingoffsomesteaminparagraph1means.(分数：2.00)ImjustcallingyourattentionImjustkiddingVImjustsayingtheoppositeImjustgivingoffsomesound解析：解析：推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段第六句，该句说“Imlettingoffsomesteam我并不是真的想让你关注我说了什么，而是我的感觉。”根据

47、后面的“并不真的想让你关注我说了什么”，可推知说话者前半句的内容应为：我是开玩笑的。四个选项中只有B项符合语境。.Thehouse-ownersexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans.(分数：2.00)thestephasbeenlikethatforyearshedoesntthinkitnecessarytofixthestepVtheconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfaultthecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared解析：解析：事实细节题。文章第一段中，屋主嘴上说“台阶已经坏了好多年了”，其实台阶并

48、没有坏了好多年，他的言下之意是“我不想修它。我们能凑合着用，你为什么不行？”四个选项中只有B项符合屋主的本意。.Someresponsesandbehaviorsmayappearveryillogical,butarejustifiableif.(分数：2.00)linkedtoanabnormalamountofassertivenessseenasoneshabitualpatternofbehaviortakenaspartofanorderingsequenceVexpressedtoaseriesofcharges解析：解析：事实细节题。由题干中的Someresponsesandb

49、ehaviors和illogical将本题出处定位于第二段。该段提到，行为的顺序所包含的意义比行为的频率要多得多。可能只有注意到某些需要异常多肯定的情况，才能理解一个朋友之后反常的温顺行为。一些反应可能与一系列反应模式直接相关，并且不合逻辑。接着举例说明：一个人一直对“你笨”“你懒”“你不诚实”等一系列指责回答“不”，可能会继续对“你漂亮”的评价回答“不”。由此可知，有些反应和行为可能显得非常不合逻辑，但如果将其看作一系列有次序的反应或行为的一部分，却是合理的，故答案为C项。.Thewordritualisticallyinthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone

50、.(分数：2.00)withouttrueintentionlight-heartedlyinawayofceremonyVwithlessemphasis解析：解析：词义理解题。该词所在句提到，“真高兴你能来”这句话可以以强调且兴奋的语气表达出来，也可以说得“ritualistically”。后一句用相同的句式：这句话可以说一次，也可以重复说多次。可见ritualistically是与withemphasisandexcitement不同或是相反的，结合“真高兴你能来”这句话的使用语境，推断该词是“客套”的意思，四个选项中只有C项符合。Cellularslimemoldsareextraor

51、dinarylifeformsthatexhibitfeaturesofbothfungiandprotozoa,althoughoftenclassedforconveniencewithfungi.Atonetimetheywereregardedasorganismsofambiguoustaxonomicstatus,butmorerecentanalysisofDNAsequenceshasshownthatslimemoldsshouldberegardedasinhabitingtheirownseparatekingdom.Theiruniquenessliesintheiru

52、nusuallifecycle,whichalternatesbetweenafeedingstageinwhichtheorganismisessentiallyunicellularandareproductivestageinwhichtheorganismadoptsamulticellularstructure.Atthefirststagetheyarefree-living,separateamoebae,usuallyinhabitingtheforestfloorandingestingbacteriafoundinrottingwood,dung,ordampsoil.Bu

53、ttheirfoodsuppliesarerelativelyeasilyexhaustedsincethecellsmovementsarerestrictedandtheirfoodrequirementsratherlarge.Whenthecellsbecomestarvedofnutrition,theorganisminitiatesanewgeneticprogramthatpermitsthecellstoeventuallyfindanew,food-richenvironment.Atthispoint,thesingle-celledamoebaecombinetoget

54、hertoformwhatwilleventuallybecomeamulticellularcreature.Themechanismbywhichtheindividualmembersbecomeasingleentityisessentiallychemicalinnature.Atfirst,afewoftheamoebaestarttoproduceperiodicchemicalpulsesthataredetected,amplified,andrelayedtothesurroundingmembers,whichthenmovetowardthepulseorigin.In

55、time,thesecellsformmanystreamsofcells,whichthencometogethertoformasinglehemisphericalmass.Thismassstickstogetherthroughthesecretionofadhesionmolecules.Themassnowdevelopsatip,whichelongatesintoafinger-likestructureofabout1or2millimetersinlength.Thisstructureeventuallyfallsovertoformaminiatureslug,mov

56、ingasasingleentityorientingitselftowardlight.Duringthisperiodthecellswithinthemassdifferentiateintotwodistinctkindsofcell.Somebecomeprestalkcells,whichlaterformintoaverticalstalk,andothersformpresporecells,whichbecomethesporehead.Astheorganismmigrates,itleavesbehindatrackofslimeratherlikeagardenslug

57、.Onceafavorablelocationhasbeenfoundwithafreshsourceofbacteriatofeedon,themigrationstopsandthecolonymetamorphosesintoafungus-likeorganisminaprocessknownasculmination.Thefrontcellsturnintoastalk,andthebackcellsclimbupthestalkandformaspherical-shapedhead,knownasthesorocarp.Thisfinalfruitingbodyisabout2

58、millimetersinheight.Theheaddevelopsintospores,whicharedispersedintotheenvironmentandformthenextgenerationofamoebaecells.Thenthelifecycleisrepeated.Usuallythestalkdisappearsoncethesporeshavebeenreleased.Theprocessbywhichtheoriginallyidenticalcellsoftheslimemoldbecometransformedintomulticellularstruct

59、urescomposedoftwodifferentcelltypessporeandstalkisofgreatinteresttodevelopmentalbiologistssinceitisanalogoustoanimportantprocessfoundinhigherorganismsinwhichorganswithhighlyspecializedfunctionsareformedfromunspecializedstemcells.Earlyexperimentsshowedwhichpartsoftheslimemoldorganismcontributedtothee

60、ventualstalkandwhichpartstothehead.Scientistsstainedthefrontpartofaslugwithareddyeandattachedittothebackpartofadifferentslug.Thehybridcreaturedevelopedasnormal.Theexperimentersthennotedthatthestalkofthefruitingbodywasstainedredandthatthesporeheadwasunstained.Clearly,theanteriorpartoftheorganismculmi