全新版大学英语综合教程第三册Unit4

1、College English (New Edition) Integrated Course 1Unit 4 ExtraterrestrialsObjectives Students are to learn: 1. No extraterrestrials will ever land on earth. 2. Key words and phrases: 3.Key structures: 1) a passive infinitive 2) the nominative absolute construction 4. Writing strategy: How to write an

2、 expository essay pessimistic deputy alike adopt on account of work up knock off go over regardless of make like knock down fade out TeachingTasksTeaching TasksPre-reading tasksWhile-reading tasksPost reading tasksPre-reading tasks Group Discussion Cultural Notes Theme-based Leading-in How many plan

3、ets are there in the universe? Can you name them? Do you think there are lives there? And state your reasons. Do you think interstellar travel will ever be possible? Group DiscussionHave UFO arrived the Earth? Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) are any object in the sky that the viewer cannot recogn

4、ize. Many are due to various natural phenomena (planets, meteors, aurora, high altitude clouds, flocks of birds) or human activity (satellites, balloons, aircraft). Some are hoaxes or mistaken observations. Many people believe that UFOs are craft piloted by intelligent extraterrestrial life that are

5、 visiting the Earth. Cultural NotesOur solar system has nine planets within it. These planets are : Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto 太阳系（Solar System）是由太阳、9颗大行星、66颗卫星以及无数的小行星、彗星及陨星组成的。 行星由太阳起往外的顺序是：水星（Mercury）、金星（Venus）、地球（Earth）、火星（Mars）、木星（Jupiter）、土星（Saturn）

6、、天王星（Uranus）、海王星（Neptune）和冥王星（Pluto）. Solar SystemMercury Venus Earth Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto S U N Mars Venus from Spacemeteorite craters on its surfaceVenus is sometimes regarded as Earths sister planet. In some ways they are very similar: Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth (95%

7、 of Earths diameter, 80% of Earths mass). Both have few craters indicating relatively young surfaces. Their densities and chemical compositions are similar. 金星有时被视为地球的姊妹星球. 他们在某些方面十分相似: 金星只是略小于地球(95%的地球直径,80%的地球质量). 相对数都表明在这个“年轻”的表面，与地球相比其密度和化学成分相似. Because of these similarities, it was thought that

8、 below its dense clouds Venus might be very Earthlike and might even have life. But, unfortunately, more detailed study of Venus reveals that in many important ways it is radically different from Earth. It may be the least hospitable place for life in the solar system. 因为这些相似之处,有人认为它在云雾弥漫的金星,很可能有生命.

9、 但不幸的是,对金星更深入的研究表明,在许多重要方面是跟地球截然不同的. 它可能是太阳系中最不适宜生命生活的地方. (19201992): Russian-born American writer and scientists. He was a distinguished bio-chemist, but is more widely known as the author of many works of many works of science fiction, books on science for non-scientists, and essays on a wide vari

10、ety of subjects. Among his best-known science fiction are I, Robot and the Foundation trilogy. Isaac Asomov Extraterrestrial life: life forms that may have evolved on other planets. There is no hard evidence at present that life exists on the Earth. Most UFOs have been satisfactorily explained as be

11、come natural or man-made, and the Viking missions to Mars ere inconclusive in testing for the existence o life in that planet. Nevertheless, searched have been and are being made for signs that life has arisen in other parts of the universe.The congress: The Congress is one of the three branches of

12、the US federal government, the legislative branch. Congress has two houses, the Senate and the House of Representative. The main job of congress is making laws. Before a new law can be made, both houses have to pass it, and it must then have the approval of the President. the Supreme Court: The judi

13、cial branch is one of the three branched of US federal government and operates the system of law courts. The Supreme Court in Washington. D.C. is the highest court in the US and is very powerful. Income tax: a tax paid according to a persons level of income, with people on higher incomes paying high

14、er rates of tax. It is used by the government to help pay for things like health care and education. Venice was founded in 1421 A.D. and remains today an architectural wonderland; it has 3 large bridges, including the Ponte dei Sospiri (the Bridge of Sighs), the Ponte Rialto,and the Ponte Accademia

15、that span the Grand Canal, the main street that sweeps through the heart of the city. Venice is certainly one of the worlds most amazing cities. With 400 bridges that span 114 canals and with over 12 million yearly visitors, it could be almost overwhelming. VeniceMy Encounter with an E.T. See the pi

16、ctures of E.T and U.F.O, then Ss form groups to imagine where, when, how they meet the E.T, and what happened during the encounter. A group secretary takes notes. 2) Based on the notes, a group writer writes a story about 100 words, and a group illustrator draws a few pictures to illustrate the stor

17、y. 3) Other group members make revisions. 4) Each group sends a speaker to another group, telling the latter their story with the help of the illustrations. Theme-Based Leading-in While-reading tasks Structure Questions Language Points Text Analysisstructure PartsParagraphs Main Idea Part One Paras

18、1-3The narrator claims that no extraterrestrials will ever land on earth. Part Two Paras 4-48The narrator gives an account of his encounter with extraterrestrials, making it clear why he claims that they will return no more.(1) SectionsParagraphsMain Plots Section One Paras 4-5(before the E.T.s arri

19、val) Bart got quite irritable because of his complicated tax form. Section Two Paras 6-11(the landing of the flying saucer) The narrator was shocked at the sight of a flying saucer landing on Earth and two men getting out of it, while Bart didnt notice it at all.Section ThreeParas 12-34(the meeting

20、with the E.T.) Unaware of the guests identity and caught up with his tax form, Bart talked to the guests with an impatient and sarcastic tone and turned down their request rudely. Their conversation ended with the guests promise of not coming back. Section FourParas 35-48(after the E.T.s departure)

21、After the E.T. left, the narrator got mad at Bart because of his irrational attitude to the guests. Bart didnt realize his stupid error until it was too late.(2)1. According to the passage, have Aliens ever visited our planet? And list the reasons. 2. Is it possible for Aliens to visit us? And suppo

22、rt yourself . 3.What obstacles the interstellar space travel? QuestionsLanguage Points1.- at least, any more: an elliptic sentence used for further stress of the previous part. The complete sentence should be “No extraterrestrials will ever land on Earth any more” which means at least, no such visit

23、ors will come to Earth againpessimistic: adj . showing the tendency to believe that the worst thing is most likely to happen, that everything is essentially evil. 悲观的optimistic乐观的optimist乐观主义者optimism乐观主义，乐观optimistically乐观主义地，乐观地pessimism悲观主义，悲观 pessimist悲观主义者 pessimistically悲观主义地，悲观地2 Im not just

24、being a pessimist: I am not pretending to be pessimistic.3. crisscross space among a million worlds: come and go in space through millions of planets crisscross: move to and from across4 On account of : because of 这房子实在不太适合老人住，因为有太多的楼梯。 Key: The house isnt really suitable for an old person on accoun

25、t of all those stairs.5 by/from all accounts: according to what everybody say on ones account: for ones reason on no account/ not on any account: in no case, not for any reason on this/that account: for this/that reason take account of: pay attention to take into account: take into consideration _,

26、he is a top students. _ must this switch be touched. You must _ the boys long illness. He is angry _By all accountsOn no accounttake into accounton that account6. Idaho:(爱达荷州) a state in northwest of America whose capital city is Boise. Its area is 216,412 square kilometers; its economy agriculture,

27、 manufacturing, lumber and tourism; its population 1,293,9537. work up his income tax: spend enough time checking his income taxwork up: 1) spend time and effort preparing; 准备Eg. I must work up my notes ready for my test. 2) produce or develop gradually 拓展Eg. He has worked up a good business over th

28、e last five years.3) excite, stir up 煽动,激起Eg. I cant work up any interest in this book.8. figures: accounts, that is, a record of money received and paid out, as by a bank or business9. complicated: difficult to understand or deal with Eg. The new computer is too complicated even for a skilled opera

29、tor to handle.Complex: 指组成某种机器的零件,构成某件事的 因素或构成数学题的 元素不仅很多,而且相互的关系或相互的作用也令人眼花缭乱,只有学识深的人或是专门知识的人 才能处理.Eg:The complex mechanism of a watch. The complex modern worldComplicated:具有complex的一切意义,但更强调复杂难以解释或理解.如,一道算式题可能很complex,但未必却是complicated,而一道complicated的算式一般总是complexIntricate:通常指交织在一起的众多因素,而且很难理出头绪来.E

30、g: The child was perplexed by the intricate plot of the story.这孩子被那头绪纷繁的故事弄得迷惑不解. 10 work on the forms: fill in the forms. work on/upon sth: to spend time working in order to produce or repair something By April 14, he isnt approachable: April 14 is the deadline for tax form to be mailed. He is so b

31、usy counting and checking his tax figures again and again at this last minute that he will not have anything to do with anybody. approachable: friendly and easy to talk to11 My chair was backed up against the wall and I was looking and wondering if I ought to knock off and hit the sack as he went ov

32、er his columns of figure: I was sitting in a chair whose back was supported by the wall in the sheriffs office, and I was looking at the stars outside the windows and trying to decide whether to go back home from work or to stay in the office to listen to Camerons never-ending curse while he checked

33、 his columns of figures for the one hundred and twenty-seventh time. 12 knock off: stop working or doing (sth); hit the sack: go to bed in order to sleep; Eg. Time to hit the sack; lights out! steady: constantly13 rocket exhaust: n.the waste gas from the rockets engine14 I couldnt choke or point; I

34、couldnt even bug my eyes: I seemed to be frozen with fear, unable to breath or point; or even showing the surprising expression of wide-opened eyes15 would have thought if I hadnt seen: subjunctive moon suggesting that the extra terrestrials look and dress exactly like us human beings on Earth16 We

35、have been careful to adopt your mode of dress and even to assume your appearance: we have tried hard to learn your way of dressing and even tried to make ourselves look like you. adopt: to accept or begin to use (sth); Eg. adopt a constitutional amendment 通过一项宪法修正案 adopt a child 收为养子17 Cameron didnt

36、 go much for foreigners, never having met many outside the army, but generally he tried to be fair Cameron didnt like foreignersand he had not met any foreignersever after he left the army. But anyway, he would try to be fair to them. go for: like or admire18 We would like to have you make immediate

37、 arrangements for the important men of your U. S. A., as you call it, to be brought here for discussions leading to your people joining our great organization We want to ask you to make some arrangements immediately to have some people bring what you call the important men of the U. S. A. here to di

38、scuss with us about the issue of your people joining our great organization. 19 It is not our way to force ourselves or our organization on people who do not wish us or it: We never do such things as force people to join us or our organization. force sth. on sb.: make him accept it. In this sentence

39、, “it” is the logic subject. The real subject is the infinitive phrase “force ourselves or our organization on people who do not wish us”20.They were getting into the flying saucer, those two men, and the saucer sat there, large, round, shiny and kind of powerful, you know the leaving of the two ext

40、raterrestrials is described in such a loose sentence, creating the effect that the narrator was surprised to such an extent that he could not even speak smoothly. The normal coherent structure of the sentence might be “ The two men were entering the flying saucer, which was landed there and was larg

41、e, round, shiny and quite powerful, you see.Text Analysis Language is full of holes, which people fill up with perception and assumption. This saying is well illustrated by Sheriff Cameron. Because he judged the Venusians as Italians simply by their appearance, everything they said sounded Italian t

42、o him. He mistook Venus for Venice, a watery place on earth. When we learn another language, we must not learn it with the mindset of our mother tongue. Otherwise there will arise cultural isunderstandings, which may lead to conflict. Sheriff Cameron usually spoke in a casual manner. Perhaps his tow

43、n was so small that he knew all the townsfolk, therefore informal speech was proper. His sentences were short, colloquial, and sometimes incomplete. He prefer phrase to single, learned words. He liked shortened forms and abbreviations, with an occasional curse. The Venusians spoke formally. Their se

44、ntences were long and involved, their word choice elaborate. They used passive voices and “if” structure. Perhaps it was because they believe in the utter importance of their mission, or they might not have learned to speak freely in a strange language.Post reading tasksFurther Information Translati

45、on Recommended MoviesSpace ExplorationMilestones in the history of mans space exploration:Space ExplorationI. The Soviet Union launched the worlds first artificial satellite, Sputnik I, in 1957. Sputnik ISpace ExplorationII. In 1969 Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin landed on the moon. Thats one small

46、 step for a man, and one giant leap for mankind (Neil Armstrong). (Apollo 11 astronaut Edwin Aldrin)Apollo 11 astronaut Edwin AldrinSpace ExplorationIII. In 1981 the USA launched a space shuttle, the first reusable space craft.The first reusable space shuttleSpace ExplorationIV. In 1986 the giant So

47、viet modular space station, Mir, was launched with astronauts being ferried to the station by Soyuz spacecraft.Space ExplorationV. In 1987, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Romanenko set a space endurance record of 326 days in orbit.Space ExplorationVI. An international space station, Freedom, conceived by the

48、 USA in 1984, became operational in the 1990s.Space ExplorationVII. On Feb. 1, 2003, the space shuttle Columbia crashed. A group of intelligent astronauts sacrificed their lives for the cause of space exploration.Space shuttle Columbia crashSpace ExplorationVIII. On Oct. 15, 2003, Shenzhou V sent Ch

49、inas first astronaut Yang Liwei into space, making China the third nation following the former Soviet Union and the United States to place a human in orbit. China hopes to launch the Shenzhou VI next year in a flight that will place two astronauts in orbit for between five and seven days. Shenzhou Va historic triump