异步电动机矢量控制调速系统中英文对照外文翻译文献

1、TheDesignoftheVectorControlSystemofAsynchronousMotorAbstract:Amongvariousmodesoftheasynchronousmotorspeedcontrol,vectorcontrolhastheadvantagesoffastresponse,stability,transmissionofhigh-performanceandwidespeedrange.Fortheneedoftheasynchronousmotorspeedcontrol,thedesignuses89C196asthecontroller,andin

2、troducesthedesignsofhardwareandsoftwareindetails.TheDesigniscompletedeffectively,withgoodperformancesimplestructureandgoodprospectsofdevelopment.Keywords:Asynchronousmotor,89C196,VectorcontrolIntroductionACasynchronousmotorisahigherorder,multi-variable,non-linear,andstrongcouplingobject,usingtheconc

3、eptofparametersreconstructionandstatereconstructionofmoderncontroltheorytoachievedecouplingbetweentheexcitationcomponentoftheACmotorstatorcurrentandthetorquecomponent,andthecontrolprocessofACmotorisequivalenttothecontrolprocessofDCmotor,thedynamicperformanceofACspeedregulationsystemobtainingnotablei

4、mprovement,thusmakesDCspeedreplacingACspeedpossiblefinally.ThecurrentgovernorofthehigherproductionprocesshasbeenmoreuseofFrequencyControldeviceswithvector-control.VectorControlWiththecriterionofproducingconsistentrotatingmagnetomotiveforce,thestatorACcurrentiicurrentiiiA,iB,Cby3S/2Sconversionintheth

5、ree-phasecoordinatesystem,canbeequivalenttoACcurrentis，is，intwo-phasestaticcoordinatesystem,throughvectorrotationtransformationdqofthere-orientationoftherotormagneticfield,EquivalenttoasynchronousrotationcoordinatesoftheDCcurrentide，iqe.Whenobserversatcorecoordinateswiththerotationtogether,ACmachine

6、 becomesDCmachine.Ofthese,theACinductionmotorrotortotalfluxr,ithasbecometheequivalentoftheDCmotorflux,windingsdeequivalenttotheexcitationwindingsofDCmotor,ieequivalenttotheexcitationcurrent,windingsqeequivalenttofalsestaticwindings,iedqequivalenttothearmaturecurrentproportionaltotorque.Afterthetrans

7、formationabove,ACasynchronousmotorhasbeenequivalenttoDCmotor.Asaresult,imitatingthecontrolmethodofDCmotor,obtainingthecontrolvariableofDCmotor,throughthecorrespondingcoordinatesanti-transformation,cancontroltheasynchronousmotor.Asaresultofcoordinatetransformationofthecurrent(onbehalfofmagneticmoment

8、um)spacevector,thus,thiscontrolsystemachievedthroughcoordinatetransformationcalledthevectorcontrolsystem,referredtoVCsystem.Accordingtothisidea,couldconstitutethevectorcontrolsystemthatcancontrol-andierqdirectly,asshowninFigure1.Inthefigureagivenandfeedbacksignalthroughthecontrollersimilartothecontr

9、ollerthatDCspeedcontrolsystemhasused,producinggivensignalie*oftheqsexcitationcurrentandgivensignalie*ofthearmaturecurrent,aftertheanti-rotationtransformdsVR-1obtainingie*andie*,obtainsi*,i*,i*by3S/2Sconversion.AddingthethreesignalsqsdsABCcontrolledbycurrentandfrequencysignal1obtainedbycontrollertoth

10、einvertercontrolledbycurrent,canoutputthree-phasefrequencyconversioncurrentthatasynchronousmotorneedsforspeed.TheContentandThoughtoftheDesignThissystemuses80C196ascontroller,consistsofdetectionunitofstatorthree-phasecurrentunitofkeyboardinput,LCDdisplaymodules,givenunitofsimulationspeeddetectionunit

11、ofstatorthree-phasevoltage,feedbackunitofspeedandoutputunitofcontrolsignals.SystemblockdiagramshowninFigure2,thesystemapplies16bitsMCU80C196ascontrolcore,withsomehardwareanalogcircuitscomposingthevectorcontrolsystemofasynchronousmotor.Ontheonehand,80C196throughtheA/Dmoduleof80C196,speedgunandthegive

12、nspeedfeedbacksignalshasbeenobtained,obtaininggiventorqueofsaturatedlimitingthroughspeedregulator,toobtainthegiventorquecurrent;Useagivenfunctiongeneratortoobtaingivenrotorflux,throughobservationobtainingrealflux,throughfluxregulationobtaininggivenexcitationcurrentofgivenstatorcurrent,thentheexcitat

13、ioncurrentandthetorquecurrentsynthesisthroughtheK/Ptransformation,obtainingamplitudeandphasestatorcurrent,afteramplitudeofstatorcurrentcomparedtothetestingcurrent,controlthesizeofstatorcurrentthroughcurrentregulator.;ontheotherhand,thestatorcurrentfrequencyiscalculatedbythesimultaneousconversionrate

14、forthetimeconstantofthecontrolinverter,regularlywithtimer,throughP1,submittingtriggerwordtocompletethetriggeroftheinverter.TheDesignofHardwareandSoftwareThehardwarecircuitsofthesystemmainlyconsistsofAC-DC-ACcurrentinvertercircuit,SCRtriggerinvertercircuit,rectifierSCRtriggercircuit,thespeedgivenwith

15、thegunfeedbackcircuit,currentcentralregulationcircuit,protectioncircuitandothertypicalcircuits.Thedesignofsoftwareincludes:speedregulatorcontrolandfluxdetectionandregulation.AC-DC-ACCurrentConverterCircuitThemaincircuitusesAC-DC-ACCurrentConverterinthesystemasshowninFigure3,andmainfeaturescanbeknown

16、asfollows:Maincircuitwithsimplestructureandfewercomponents.Forthefour-quadrantoperation,whenthebrakeofpowerhappens,thecurrentdirectionofthemaincircuitkeepsthesame,justchangingthepolarityofthevoltage,rectifierworkinginthestateofinverter,inverterworkinginthestateofrectifier.Theinvertercanbeeasilyenter

17、ed,regenerativebraking,fastdynamicresponse.Thevoltageinverterhastoconnecttoagroupofinvertersinordertoregenerativebraking,bringingtheelectricenergybacktopowergrids.Sincethemiddleusingareactor,currentlimit,isconstantcurrentsource.CoupledwithcurrentLoopconditioning,currentlimit,soitcantolerateinstantan

18、eousloadshort-circuit,automaticprotection,therebyenhancingtheprotectionofovercurrentandoperationalreliabilityThecurrentinvertercanconverterwithforceandtheoutputcurrentinstantaneousvalueiscontrolledbycurrentinverter,meetingthevectorcontrolrequirementsofACmotors.Convertercapacitorcharginganddischargin

19、gcurrentsfromtheDCcircuitfilterbythesuppressionreactor,unlikeagreaterinrushcurrentinvoltageinverter,thecapacitorsutilizationisofhighlevel.Currentinverterandtheloadmotorformawhole,andtheenergystorageofthemotorwindingsisalsoinvolvedintheconverter,andlessdependentonthevoltageinverter,soithasacertainloa

20、dcapacity.InverterSCRtriggerdrivecircuitTheInverterSCRtriggerdrivecircuitasshowninFigure4.InvertertriggersignaliscontrolledbyP1of80C196,slipsignaloutputtingthroughP1viaPWMregulationintheSCMthroughthephotoelectricisolationtoenlarge,tocontrolthetriggeroftheinverter.ThesystemusesP1.6ascontrolandusesP1.

21、0P1.5tocontrolsixSCRinvertersseparately,sothetriggercircuitsiscomposedbysixcircuitsabove.TheprinciplesofdrivecircuitofSCRtriggerinverterareasfollows:whenthePWMfromP1ishighsignalafterandgate,photoelectricisolationisnoton,compositepipeinastateofon-saturated,theleftsideofthetransformerformingcircuit,an

22、dthatthepowerofthesignalamplifies(currentenlarges);whenthePWMfromP1islowsignalafterandgate,photoelectricisolationison,compositepipeinastateofcut-off,andtheleftsideofthetransformercannotformcircuit;thus,compositepipeequivalenttoaswitch,anditsfrequencyreliedonthefrequencyofthePWM,sotheleftsideofthetra

23、nsformerformACsignals,totriggerSCRinverteraftertransformerdecompression,half-waverectifierandfilter.CurrentLoopconditioningcircuitsAfterthevectorcalculation,outputtinggivencurrentthroughD/Amodule,testingfeedbackcurrentbythecurrenttestingcircuit,sendingthemtothesimulatoroftheP1regulatortoregulate,can

24、eliminatestaticdifferenceandimprovethespeedofregulation.Theoutputoftheanalogdevicescanberegardedasthephase-shiftingcontrolsignalsoftherectifiertrigger.CurrentLoopconditioningcircuitsasshowninfigure5.ThecontrolofspeedregulatorSpeedregulatorusesdual-modecontrol.SettingavalueTNofspeederror,whenthesyste

25、mismorethanthedeviation(morethan10percentoftheratedfrequency),asroughlocationofthestart,usingon-offcontrol,atthistime,speedregulatorisinthestateofamplitudelimit,equivalenttospeedloopbeingopen-loop,sothecurrentloopisinthestateofthemostconstantcurrentregulation.Thus,itcanplaytheoverloadabilityofmotorf

26、ullyandmaketheprocessofregulationfastestpossibly.Whenthesystementersintoastateofsmalldeviation,thesystemusesPIlinearcontrolinsteadofon-offcontrol.Asresult,absorbingthebenefitsofnon-linearandlinear,thesystemmeetsstabilityandaccuracy.Thespeedregulatorflowchartisasshowninfigure6.FluxRegulationSlipfrequ

27、encyvectorcontrolsystemcanbeaffectedbythemotorparameters,sothattheactualfluxandthegivenfluxappearadeviation.Thissystemisofobservationandfeedbackintheamplitudeofthemagneticflux,regulatingfluxoftherotor,actualfluxwiththechangesofgivenflux.Fluxregulatorisalsothesameasthespeedregulator,usingPIregulator.

28、Thediscreteformulais:TOC o 1-5 h zi(n)i(n1)ke(n)Te(n)/t(1)mmmiSinPlusaremindertoforecastforcorrection: HYPERLINK l bookmark20 I2i(n)i(n1)(2)mmmIntheformula,kisproportionalcoefficient,tisintegralcoefficient,Tissamplingperiod,mnsIistheactualoutputvalue.mee(n)e(n1)(3)ne*(n)(n)(4)n22Whenitisinthestateof

29、lowfrequency(f5HZ),r1cannotbeignored,thephasedifferencebetweenVandEenlarges,andtheformulaVVnolongersetsup.ThroughtheApproximaterotorfluxobserverandtheformulaIL(VIr)/ILtoobserve2m1m1T10m11thefluxamplitude,onlyopen-loopcontrolofflux,thatis,tocalculatefromagivenflux,andthatisI*/L.Inaddition,inordertoav

30、oiddisorders,ortooweakandtoostrongmagnetic,limitingm2mtheoutputiinpreparationforthesoftware,makingitintherangesfrom75%to115%ratedmvalue.DesignSummaryThistextresearchesthevectorcontrolvariablespeedcontrolsystemoftheasynchronousmotordesign.TheSCM80C196andtheexternalhardwarecompletetheasynchronousmotor

31、speedvectorcontrolsystemdesignefficiently,andmeetthetimingcontrolrequirements.Thevectorcontrolsystemdesignthinksclearly,hasagoodspeedperformanceandsimplestructure.Ithasawiderangeofuseandagoodprospectofdevelopmentfromtheanalysisanddesignofthespeedasynchronousmotorvectorcontrolsystems.Theinnovations:C

32、ompletethedataacquisitionofthespeedandvoltage,outputthecontrolsignalandsavethedeviceseffectivelywiththehelpofthe80C196microcontrollerownedA/D,D/A.BecausetheCurrentSourceInverterusesforcedconverter,themaximumoperatingfrequencyisfreefromthepowergridfrequency.Anditiswithwidespeedrange.Thissystemusescon

33、stantfluxtokeeptheconstantfluxstably.Usestatorphysicalvoltageamplitudetoapproximatetheobservedfluxamplitudevalue.Themagneticfluxovercomestheimpactoftheparameterschanges.Thiswayissimpleandeffective.MlIJFigure5.CurrentLoopconditioningcircuitsReferencesHisaoKubotaandKoukiMatsuse.(1994).SpeedSensorlessF

34、ield-OrientedControlofInductionMotorwithRotorResistanceAdaptation.IEEETrans.Ind.Appl.,vo1.30,No.5,pp.1219-1224.Li,Da,Yang,Qingdong,andLiu,Quan.(2007).TheDSPpermanentmagnetsynchronouslinearmotorvectorcontrolsystem.Micro-computerinformation,09-2:195-196Liu,Wei.(2007).Theapplicationdesignaboutvectorcon

35、trolofcurrentloopcontrol.Micro-computerinformation,07-1:68-70Zhao,Tao,Jiang,WeiDong,Chen,Quan,andRen,Tao.(2006).Theresearchaboutthepermanentmagnetmotordrivesystembasesonthedual-modecontrol.Powerelectronicstechnology,40(5):32-34异步电动机矢量控制调速系统设计摘要:异步电动机的各种调速方式中，矢量控制的调速方式响应快、稳定性好、传动性能高、调速范围宽。针对异步电动机的调速需

36、要，设计以为控制器的矢量控制调速系统，并详细介绍了系统的硬件设计和软件设计。该系统有效地完成了异步电动机矢量控制调速系统设计，调速性能好、结构简单，具有很好的发展前景。关键词：异步电动机，89C196矢量控制1引.言交流异步电动机是一个高阶、多变量、非线性、强藕合的被控对象，采用参数重构和状态重构的现代控制理论概念可以实现交流电动机定子电流的励磁分量和转矩分量之间的解藕，实现了将交流电动机的控制过程等效为直流电动机的控制过程，使交流调速系统的动态性能得到显著的改善和提高，从而使交流调速最终取代直流调速成为可能。目前对调速特性要求较高的生产工艺已较多地采用矢量控制型变频调速装置。2.矢量控制以产

37、生完全一致的旋转磁动势为准则，在三相坐标系下的定子交流电流iAiBiC通过/变换，可以等效成两相静止坐标系下的交流电流is，is,再通过按转子磁场定向的矢量旋转变换，可以等效成同步dq旋转坐标系下的直流电流ie，ie。当观察者站在铁心上与坐标系一起旋转时，交流机就变成了直流机。dq其中，交流异步电动机的转子总磁通，就变成了等效的直流电动机的磁通，ee绕组相当于直流电机的r励磁绕组，ie相当于励磁电流。qe绕组相当于伪静止绕组，ie相当于与转矩成正比的电枢电流。异步电eq动机经过如上的变换后就等效成了直流电动机。因而，可以模仿直流电机的控制方法，求得直流电机的控制量，再经过相应的坐标反变换，就能

38、够控制异步电动机了。由于进行坐标变换的是电流（代表磁动势）的空间矢量，所以，这样通过坐标变换实现的控制系统就叫作矢量控制系统，简称系统。按照这种设想，可以构成直接控制和ie的矢量控制系统，如图所示。图中给定和反馈信号经过类似于直流凋速系统rq所用的控制器，产生励磁电流的给定信号ie*和电枢电流的给定信号ie*，经过反旋转变换得到ie*和qsesqsie*，再经过/变换得到i*、i*、i*。把这三个电流控制信号和由控制器得到的频率信号加到电esABC1流控制的变频器上，即可输出异步电动机调速所需的三相变频电流。.设计内容及设计思想本系统以单片机为控制器，由定子三相电流检测单元、键盘输入单元、显示

39、单元、模拟转速给定单元、定子三相电压检测单元、转速反馈单元、控制信号输出单元等部分组成。如图2所示，系统是以位单片机为控制核心，由一些硬件模拟电路组成异步电动机的矢量控制变频凋速系统。一方面，通过的/模块获得转速给定及测速反馈的速度信号，经过速度调节器获得饱和限幅的转矩给定，从而获得给定的转矩电流；利用函数发生器获得给定转子磁通，经磁通观测获得实际转子磁通，再经磁通调节获得定子电流给定励磁分量电流，然后经过/变换将给定的励磁电流和转矩电流合成，得到定子电流的幅值和相位，定子电流的幅值与电流互感器的检测电流相比较后通过电流调节器去控制定子电流的大小；另一方面，定子电流的频率是把计算得到的同步速度

40、转换为控制逆变器的时间常数，用定时器定时，通过单片机上的口，送出触发字来完成逆变器的触发。4硬.件电路及软件设计本系统硬件电路主要由交一直一交电流型变频器电路、逆变晶闸管触发电路、整流晶闸管触发电路、速度给定与测速反馈电路、电流环调节电路、保护电路等典型电路组成；软件设计主要包括：速度调节器控制和磁通检测与调节两部分。41交一直一交电流型变频器电路系统的主回路采用图3所示的交一直一交变频器，由图可知它具有以下主要特点：1）主回路结构简单，使用的元器件少。便于四象限运行，当再生发电制动时，主回路电流方向不变，只改变电压极性，整流器工作于逆变状态，逆变器工作于整流状态。可方便的进入逆变，进行再生制

41、动，动态响应快。而电压型变频器必须另接一组逆变器才能进行再生制动，把电能回馈给电网。2）由于中间采用的是电抗器，故具有限流作用，是恒流源。再加上本系统设有电流环调节、限流，所以可耐受负载瞬时短路，自动进行保护，从而提高了过流保护和运行可靠性。3此）电流型逆变器带强迫换流，电流型逆变器所控制的是输出电流瞬时值，符合交流电动机矢量控制的要求。换流电容器的充放电电流由直流回路的滤波电抗器所抑制，不像电压型逆变器中有较大的浪涌电流，故换流电容器的利用率较高。4）电流型逆变器与负载电动机形成一个整体，电动机绕组的储能也参与换流，故其换流能力依赖于负载电流，而较少依赖于逆变器电压，因此有一定的负载能力。.逆2变晶闸管触发驱动电路逆变晶闸管触发驱动电路如图所示。逆变触发信号由单片机的口控制，转差信号在单片机内经调节后由：输出，经光电隔离器隔离放大，去控制逆变晶闸管的触发端。本系统用.作为控制端，用.作为另一端分别控制个逆变晶闸管，故逆变晶闸管触发电路由个如图所示的电路组成。逆变晶闸管触发驱动电路原理如下：由口输出的经与门后是高电平信号时，光电隔离管不导通，复合管处于