美国人学习的《管理学》教程（2）美国原版教程

1、PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany Management, 9/eJohn R. Schermerhorn, Jr.Prepared by: Jim LoPresti University of Colorado, BoulderPublished by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Chapter 2: Management Ethics and Social Responsibility1Planning Ahead Chapter 2 Study QuestionsWhat is ethical behavior?How do et

2、hical dilemmas complicate the workplace?How can high ethical standards be maintained?What is social responsibility and governance? 2Ethics Code of moral principles.Set standards of “good” or “bad” or “right” or “wrong” in ones conduct.Ethical behavior What is accepted as good and right in the contex

3、t of the governing moral code.Study Question 1: What is ethical behavior?3Law, values, and ethical behavior:Legal behavior is not necessarily ethical behavior.Personal values help determine individual ethical behavior.Terminal valuesInstrumental valuesStudy Question 1: What is ethical behavior?4Stud

4、y Question 1: What is ethical behavior?Utilitarian view of ethics greatest good to the greatest number of people.Individualism view of ethics primary commitment is to ones long-term self-interests.Moral-rights view of ethics respects and protects the fundamental rights of all people.Justice view of

5、ethics fair and impartial treatment of people according to legal rules and standards.Procedural justiceDistributive justiceInteractional justice5 Four views of ethical behavior.6Cultural issues in ethical behavior:Cultural relativism Ethical behavior is always determined by cultural context.Cultural

6、 universalism Behavior unacceptable in ones home environment should not be acceptable anywhere else. Considered by some to be ethical imperialismStudy Question 1: What is ethical behavior?7 The extremes of cultural relativism and ethical imperialism in international business ethics.Source: Developed

7、 from Thomas Donaldson, “Values in Tension: Ethics Away from Home,” Harvard Business Review, vol. 74 (September-October 1996), pp. 48-62.8Study Question 1: What is ethical behavior?How international businesses can respect core or universal values:Respect for human dignityCreate culture that values e

8、mployees, customers, and suppliers.Keep a safe workplace.Produce safe products and services.Respect for basic rightsProtect rights of employees, customers, and communities.Avoid anything that threatening safety, health, education, and living standards.Be good citizensSupport social institutions, inc

9、luding economic and educational systems.Work with local government and institutions to protect environment.9An ethical dilemma occurs when choices, although having potential for personal and/or organizational benefit, may be considered unethical.Ethical dilemmas include:DiscriminationSexual harassme

10、ntConflicts of interestCustomer confidenceOrganizational resourcesStudy Question 2: How do ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace? 10Study Question 2: How do ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace? Ethical behavior can be rationalized by convincing yourself that:Behavior is not really illegal.

11、Behavior is really in everyones best interests.Nobody will ever find out.The organization will “protect” you.11Factors influencing ethical behavior include:The personFamily influences, religious values, personal standards, and personal needs.The organizationSupervisory behavior, peer group norms and

12、 behavior, and policy statements and written rules.The environmentGovernment laws and regulations, societal norms and values, and competitive climate in an industry.Study Question 2: How do ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace? 12Figure 2.3 Factors influencing ethical managerial behaviorthe per

13、son, organization, and environment.13Ethics training:Structured programs that help participants to understand ethical aspects of decision making.Helps people incorporate high ethical standards into daily life.Helps people deal with ethical issues under pressure.Study Question 3: How can high ethical

14、 standards be maintained? 14WhistleblowersExpose misdeeds of others to:Preserve ethical standardsProtect against wasteful, harmful, or illegal actsLaws protecting whistleblowers varyStudy Question 3: How can high ethical standards be maintained? 15Study Question 3: How can high ethical standards be

15、maintained?Barriers to whistleblowing include:Strict chain of commandStrong work group identitiesAmbiguous prioritiesOrganizational methods for overcoming whistleblowing barriers:Ethics staff units who serve as ethics advocatesMoral quality circles16Study Question 3: How can high ethical standards b

16、e maintained?Ethical role models:Top managers serve as ethical role models.All managers can influence the ethical behavior of people who work for and with them.Excessive pressure can foster unethical behavior.Managers should be realistic in setting performance goals for others.17Codes of ethics:Form

17、al statement of an organizations values and ethical principles regarding how to behave in situations susceptible to the creation of ethical dilemmas.Areas often covered by codes of ethics:Bribes and kickbacksPolitical contributionsHonesty of books or recordsCustomer/supplier relationshipsConfidentia

18、lity of corporate informationStudy Question 3: How can high ethical standards be maintained? 18Checklist for dealing with ethical dilemmas:Recognize the ethical dilemmaGet the factsIdentify your optionsTest each option: Is it legal? Is it right? Is it beneficial?Decide which option to followDouble-c

19、heck decision by asking “spotlight” questions:“How would I feel if my family found out about my decision?”“How would I feel about this if my decision were in the local news?”Take actionStudy Question 3: How can high ethical standards be maintained? 19Moral ManagementHow managers act and communicate

20、as role modelsImmoral managerAmoral managerMoral managerEthics mindfulnessEnriched ethical awareness that affects behavior Study Question 3: How can high ethical standards be maintained? 20Figure 2.4 How can high ethical standards be maintained? 21Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and

21、governance? Corporate social responsibility and governance:Looks at ethical issues on the organization level.Obligates organizations to act in ways that serve both its own interests and the interests of society at large.22Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and governance? Organizational

22、 stakeholdersThose persons, groups, and other organizations directly affected by the behavior of the organization and holding a stake in its performance.Typical organizational stakeholdersEmployeesCustomersSuppliersOwnersCompetitorsRegulatorsInterest groups23 Multiple stakeholders in the environment

23、 of an organization.24Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and governance? Perspectives on social responsibility:Classical viewManagements only responsibility is to maximize profits.Socioeconomic viewManagement must be concerned for the broader social welfare, not just profits.25Study Que

24、stion 4: What is social responsibility and governance? Arguments against social responsibility:Reduced business profitsHigher business costsDilution of business purposeToo much social power for businessLack of public accountabilityArguments in favor of social responsibility:Adds long-run profitsImpr

25、oved public imageAvoids more government regulationBusinesses have resources and ethical obligation26Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and governance? Criteria for evaluating corporate social performance:Is the organizations Economic responsibility met?Legal responsibility met?Ethical r

26、esponsibility met?Discretionary responsibility met?27 Criteria for evaluating corporate social performance.28Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and governance? Strategies for pursuing social responsibility:Obstructionist meets economic responsibilities.Defensive meets economic and legal

27、 responsibilities.Accommodative meets economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities.Proactive meets economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities.29Figure 2.7 Four strategies of corporate social responsibilityfrom obstructionist to proactive behavior.30Study Question 4: What is social

28、 responsibility and governance? How government influences organizations:Common areas of government regulation of business affairs:Occupational safety and healthFair labor practicesConsumer protectionEnvironmental protection31Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and governance? How organiz

29、ations influence governments:Personal contacts and networksPublic relations campaignsLobbyingPolitical action committeesSometimes by illegal acts, such as bribery or illegal financial contributions to political campaigns32Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and governance? Leadership beliefs that guide socially responsible practices:PeopleCommunitiesNatural environmentLong termReputation33Figure 2.8 Centrality of e