1现在完成时讲解

1、现在完成时讲解一 基本结构：助动词have/has+ HYPERLINK /view/235316.htm t _blank 过去分词(done)二句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)三用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/alre

2、ady) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)看到这些词already, just, yet, before, ever, never, so far ,three times 要用现在完成时。 （2）现在完成时可以用来表示在过去某一时刻发生,持续到现在的动作，常与for（+一段时间）,since（+过去的时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+一段时间since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+一段时间+agosince+过去时的句子It is+一段时间+since+过去时的句子Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here s

3、ince 1998.四has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在这、不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（人在这里，谈过去到过哪里）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：在什么地方呆（还在这地方呆）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months

4、 ago.五过去时与现在完成时区别过去时只表示在过去发生了某事或过去存在一种状态，跟现在没任何关系。完成时也表示过去发生但跟现在有关系。I lost the key.我丢了钥匙，现在不知有没找到。I have lost the key.我丢了钥匙，现在还没找到。注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾

5、直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、 HYPERLINK /view/988404.htm t _blank 不

6、规则动词：ABC型begin began begunblow blew blownbreak broke brokenchoose chose chosenABC型begin began begunblow blew blownbreak broke brokenchoose chose chosendraw drew drawndrive drove drivendrink drank drunkfly flew flownforgive forgave forgivenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozengive gave givengrow

7、 grew grownknow knew knownride rode riddenrise rose risenring rang rungshake shook shakensing sang sungsink sank sunkswim swam swumthrow threw thrownwrite wrote writtenAAA型burst burst bursthurt hurt hurtlet let letcast cast castcost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hitput put putset set setshut shut shut

8、spread spread spreadread read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/AAB型beat beat beatenABA型become became becomerun ran e came come特殊情况ABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built builtburn burnt burntcatch caught caughtdig dug dugfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundhear heard h

9、eardhold held heldkeep kept keptlay laid laidlead led ledlose lost lostmake made mademeet met metsell sold soldshoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stoodsweep swept sweptteach taught taughttell told toldthink thought thoughtwin won won七 HYPERLINK /view/915671.htm t _blank 瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，

10、go ,leave, join ）不能直接与for， since，how long 连用。要改变动词buy-had borrow -keptcome/arrive/reach/get to-been ingo out-been out leave -been awaybegin-been on finish-been overopen-been open close -been closeddie-been dead1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代

11、替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been (become) a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put on现在完成时练习(一)A)选用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from schoo

12、l.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改写下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_C) 单项选择6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years.A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has be

13、en died8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached现在完成时练习（二）一、 单项选择。1、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been2、His u

14、ncle_for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、- has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How

15、far, arrived5、Our country _ a lot so far . has changed . changed. has changed . changed 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is

16、a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you