castles-城堡世界解析课件

1、castlescastlesWhat is the castle?How were the castles constructed?How did the castles develop?Do you konw some famous castles? QuestionsWhat is the castle?QuestionsDenifinition and Etymology（词源）A castle is a fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility.

2、The word castle is derived from the Latin word castellum which means fortified place.The word castle was introduced into English shortly before the Norman Conquest to indicate this type of building, which was then new to England.Denifinition and Etymology（词源）Motte and Bailey Castlesan artificial mou

3、nd called a motte.（土墩）The bailey was the courtyard within the walls of the castle. (城堡外庭) Motte and Bailey CastlesDrawbridge（吊桥） A wooden bridge that led to a gateway and was capable of being raised or lowered.Drawbridge（吊桥） A wooden bMoats（护城河）Water, or a wide ditch（沟渠）, very often surrounded the c

4、astles.Moats（护城河）Water, or a wide ditTurrets（炮塔） and Towers（塔楼） A castle turret was a small tower rising above and resting on one of the main towers, usually used as a look out point. Turrets（炮塔） and Towers（塔楼） Battlements（城垛） A narrow wall built along the outer edge of the wall to protect soldiers

5、agains tattack.Battlements（城垛） A narroGatehouse(城楼) The gatehouse guarded the entrance of the castle or its town. The portcullis （吊闸门）inside the gatehouse was extremely heavy and was used to seal off the entrance.Gatehouse(城楼) The gatehArrow Slits（箭缝） A narrow vertical （垂直的）slit cut into a wall thro

6、ugh which arrows could be fired from inside.Arrow Slits（箭缝） A narrowKeep（城堡主楼） The inner stronghold of the castle was called the keep.Keep（城堡主楼） The inner stroConcentric Castles（同轴城堡） Concentric castles would have two circuits（圈） of walls and flanking towers. The inner wall would be higher than the

7、outer.Concentric Castles（同轴城堡） A Castles FunctionFortress（堡垒） and military protection Center of local government Home of the owner, usually a kingA Castles FunctionFortress（堡垒Brief history of castles 9th and 10th centuries The breakdown of the Carolingian Empire led to the privatisation of governmen

8、t, and local lords assumed responsibility for the economy and justice. Brief history of castles 9th 11th century Despite the common period in which castles rose to prominence in Europe, their form and design varied from region to region. In the early 11th century, the motte and keep are the most com

9、mon form of castle in Europe. While Britain, France, and Italy shared a tradition of wood construction in castle architecture, Spain more commonly used stone or mud-brick as the main building material. 11th centuryUntil the 12th century, stone-built and earth and wooden castles were contemporary,but

10、 by the late 12th century, the number of castles being built went into decline. Until the late 12th century ,castles generally had few towers; a gateway with few defensive features such as arrowslits or a portcullis(吊闸门).a newly constructed castle : polygonal（多边形的）in shape, with towers at the corner

11、s to provide fire for the walls. 12th century 12th century13th to 15th centuriesIn the early 13th century, Crusader castles were mostly built by Military Orders.The Crusades also led to the introduction of machicolations（炮眼） into Western architecture.Concentric castles were widely copied across Europe.The greatest period of castle building in Spain was in the 11th to 13th centuries, and they were most commonly foun