牛津译林版初中英语八年级下册 Unit7 知识点梳理

1、Unit7 international charities 知识梳理一般过去时的被动语态：was/ were done例如：八下Unit7词义和词性1especiallyadv.特别，尤其I spef Hi2basicadj.基础的，基本的Ibci si k3educationn.教育1. cdju kei f n4equaladj.平等的i： kw(a)l5rightn.权利rai t6spreadn.扩散；分布；展开spred7interviewern.来访者I ntovju： a8blindnessn.失明9mostlyadv.主要地，大局部地msu stli10casen.病例；案列k

2、ei s11curevt.治愈kju a12medicaladj.医学的，医疗的I medi k(a)l13treatmentn.治疗tri： tmant14patientn.病人Ipei f ant15affordvt.买得起；能做sfo : d16go to hospital去看病17on board在飞机（船、火车）上18operatevi.做手术D porel t19proudadj.骄傲的，自豪的prau d20readern.读者Ti： da21medicinen.医学；药medi si nl22developvi.开展；加强di velsp23treatVt.治疗；处理tri：

3、tj24carry on继续开展，继续下去ka?ri D n25leafletn.传单；散页印刷品Ui： fll t26hand out分发；提出27holdvt.容纳V.拿住，握住，保存Ihsu Id28setvi.&vt.设置;放置，安置set29set up建起，设立30includingprep.包括，包含31warn.战争wo ：32organize组织0 ： gonai z33paleadj.苍白的pel 134mattern.事情，问题，物质，素材maeta35checkn.检查W ekThe computer was invented last century.电脑是上个世纪被

4、创造的。一般将来时的被动语态:shall/will be done例如:A new school will be built in our village next year. 明年一所新的学校将在我们村庄建设。(4)现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being done例如：A sports meeting is being held in our school now.运动会正在我们学校举行。(5)现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done例如：All of the work has been finished since I came here.自从我来这里以来，

5、所有的工作都已经完成。(6)含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should be done 例如： Your homework must be handed in after school. 你们的家庭作业必须在放学后交上。The plane is also used as a training centre, used常与for或as连用，构成短语use.for,意为“用来做；为了而使用“，use.as意为“作为使用；用作之意例如：Bamboo can be used for carrying water.竹子可以用来运水。The computer can be used a

6、s a tool.计算机可以被当作工具用。【拓展】used to后跟动词不定式，used to do slh.意为“过去常常做某事”，暗示现在已经不再做某事。 be/get/become used to doing sth 意为“习惯于做某事”。例如：He used to be a quiet boy.他过去是个安静的男孩。He came from the north, so he wasnt used to living in the south.他来自北方，所以不习惯于住在南方。Many of our patients cant afford to go to hospital.affor

7、d在此意为“买的起，支付的起“；常与can, could, be, be able to连用,表示“为某目的有足够的钱、 时间、地方等负担，承当”。常接名词、代词或者动词不定式，多用于否认句中。 例如：This kind of computer is too expensive and I cant aftbrd it.这种电脑太贵了，我买不起。At last I can afford a watch.我终于买得起一只手表了。I could not afford so much money for a bicycle.我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。Im proud to help people

8、 see again and improve their ud是形容词，be proud to do sth.意为“为做某事而骄傲”。例如：Wc are proud to be a league member.我们为成为团员而骄傲be proud of sth.意为“以而骄傲”。例如：I am very proud of being a Chinese.作为一名中国人我很自豪【拓展】pride是名词，意为“骄傲，自豪”。常用的结构：take pride in sth.意为“为某事骄傲”。They take great pride in her daughter who is now a fam

9、ous scientist.他们为成为科学家的女儿而感到自豪。He is【he pride of ourcily. 他是我们城市的骄傲。5. Youll be all right in a few days.in后接一段时间，经常用在一般将来时，表示一段时间后的行为状态。对一般将来时句子中的“in+一段 时间”提问，要用how soon,表示“多久将做某事”。例如：He will arrive in Beijing in ihree days.他将在三天后到北京。How soon will he arrive in Beijing? 他将多久到北京？【拓展】（1）after和in均可与一段时间

10、连用，表示“在之后”，但after表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以 后，因此通常与过去时连用；而in那么表示从现在算起的一段时间以后，因此通常用于将来时或含有将 来意义的句子。例如：He came back after three days.三天后他回来了。Fil come back in three days.我三天后 |口1 来。I think he can come back in three days.我想他 三天后可以回来。（2） after除与一段时间连用外，还可与一点时间连用，此时可用于将来时（in不能与点时间连用）。例 如：He will arrive after five o

11、clock.他五点钟以后到。36secretaryn.秘书sekrstri37make up ones mind决定38Indian.印度Ll ndl o39officern.官员D fl so词组international charities国际慈善机构pocket money零花钱have some pocket money left有一些零花钱剩下give it to them把它给他们have a big lunch afterwards随后吃一顿丰富的午餐take you to a new restaurant带你去一家新的饭馆be next to the OXFAM shop在 O

12、XFAM 商店隔壁charities around the world世界各地的慈善机构World Vision世界宣明会World Wide Fund for Nature世界自然基金会the least important最不重要的health care保健an interview with an ORBIS doctor一次与 ORBIS 医生的采访tell me something about blindness告诉我一些眼盲的情况people around/ all over the world全世界人民80 per cent of the cases of blindness80%

13、 的失明病例can be cured能被治愈medical treatment药物治疗a flying eye hospital一个飞行眼科医院visit poor countries访问贫穷国家volunteer doctors志愿者医生operate on sb. =do/perform an operation on sb. 给某人做手术use the plane as a teaching centre用飞机来作为一个教学中心can afford to travel / go to hospital承当得起去医院eye operations眼科手术learn about eye ope

14、rations了解眼科手术teach them new skills教他们新的技能share our knowledge提供我们的知识watch (he operations on video在录像里观看手术during my last visit在我上一次/最近一次访问过程中do two or three operations a day一天做两三个手术be grateful/thankful to sb. for sth.因为某事而对某人很感激do such an important job做这么一件重要的工作help people see again帮助人们重见光明be proud of

15、 sb./ sth. be proud +that宾从为某人/某事感到自豪modem medicine现代医学carry on with sth. = go on with sth继续某事carry on with our work继续开展我们的工作improve the lives of patients send donations totravel all around the world people with eye problems support ones work fly(o poor areaslearn from the ORBIS doctors pay for the

16、treatmentan adverlisement for UNICEF hear ir on the radio improve (he lives of children make the world a better place receive/get (an) education treat sb with kindness be treated with kindness used to be blind work far away from home (he long working hours an unusual lifestyle (he lifestyle of a fly

17、ing doctor cure sick people / cure a patient must/have to be careful enough keep learning a long process a meaningful job a meaningful life want children (o be healthy provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. provide food for poor children make a donation do some voluntary work part of the Unite

18、d Nations set up in 1946 because of the war change the lives of the children / change the childrens lives organize other fund-raising activities go to school instead of working to support their families spend the pocket money on snacks try (o save some money for charities such a scious problem take

19、more action to prevent pollution make flow charts改善病人的生活向捐款环游全世界有眼疾的人支持某人的工作飞往贫穷地区向ORBIS医生学习支付医疗费一那么UNICEF的广告在收音机上/广播上听到它 改善儿童生活让这个世界（成为）更美好的地方 受教育善意地对待某人 被善待过去是瞎的在离家很远的地方工作很长的工作时间不同寻常的生活方式一个飞行医生的生活方式 治愈病人必须足够细心不断学习一个长的过程一项有意义的工作有意义的生活想要孩子们健康提供某物给某人为贫穷儿童提供食物捐赠做一些义务/志愿工作联合国一局部建立于1946年 由于战争原因 改变这些儿童的生

20、活组织其他筹集资金的活动 去上学而不是干活养家把零花钱花在零食上 努力为慈善机构存钱 一个如此严重的问题 采取更多行动来阻止污染 制作流程图give patients medicine be used to working on a plane be not afraid of flying any more care about sb./sth.care other people hope to have a job finish school(rain as a nursework in the office of a big company get a good gradc/gradcs

21、 in English do a lot of research on wildlife learn a lot about life in poor areas go to restaurants often给病人药品习惯于在飞机上工作不再害怕飞行 关心某人/某事 关心其他人 希望得到一份工作 （学校）毕业训练成一个护士/接受护士培训 在一家大公司的办公室工作在英语上取得好分数在野生生物上做许多研究 了解很多有关贫穷地区的生活 经常下馆子直点句子You have sonic pocket money left.have some pocket money left 剩一些零花钱I am lo

22、o weak to walk any further.too weak to walk any further太虚弱而不能走得更远It helps build a better world fbr everyone,especially children all over the world.build a better world for everyone为每个人建立一个更美好的世界It provides basic education for children in poor areas.basic education基石出教育1( works fbr the equal rights o

23、f girls and women too.the equal rights of girls and women女孩和妇女的平等权利It also works to prevent the spread of some serious diseases,like AIDS,among young people.prevent the spread of some serious diseases 预防一些严重疾病的传播Youve done a good job.do a good job干得不错Please tell us something about blindness.About 28

24、5 million people around the world arc blind or have other eye problems,mostly in poor areas,and about 80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured.have other eye problems 有其他的眼疾mostly in poor areas主要在贫穷国家80 per cent of these cases 80% 的这些病例can be prevented or cured能够被预防或治愈On the plane,volunt

25、eer doctors do operations.do operations on sb/opera(e on sb 给某人做手术The plane is used as a training centre.be used as a training centre 被用作培训中心However.many people dont have money fbr medical trealment.medical treatment 医学治疗Many of our patients cant afford to go to hospital.so we have to go to them.aff

26、ord to do sth负担得起做某事cant afford to go to hospital 没有钱去医院Also,local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations.be invited on board被邀请到飞机上learn about eye operations 学习眼科手术By training (hem,we hope to help more people.by training them通过训练他们We can teach them new skills.teach th

27、em new skills教他们新技能During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on.Im proud to help people see again and improve their lives.be proud to do s(h自豪地做某事be proud of为骄傲help people see again帮助人们重见光明improve their lives改善他们的生活Is (here anything else youd like to say to our readers?Modern medicine is deve

28、loping quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be【reated and cured.But more money is needed to carry on with our work.modern medicine 现代医学developing quickly 迅速开展most eye problems and diseases can be treated大多数眼睛问题和疾病可以被治疗和治愈carry on with our work继续开展我们的工作A charity show was held by the Stu

29、dents, Union.Oxfam was sei up in the UK in 1942.be set up in the UK在英国建立A lot of things are sold in Oxfam shopsdncluding books.Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers.hand out leaflets to people 向人们分发传单It helps governments,communities and families make the world a better place

30、for children, make the world a better place for children为孩子们创造一个更好的世界UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities.raise money by selling Christmas cards通过卖圣诞卡片募集前钱organize other activities 组织其他活动You look pale. Whats the matter?look因叵看起来苍白Whats the matter?怎么 了 ？Open

31、your mouth and let me have a check.Its nothing serious.let me have a check 让我检查一下nothing serious没什么严重的Take this medicine after meals three times a day.take this medicine after meals 饭后服用这个药You will be all right in a few days.in a few day几天后Will it be a success? I kept asking myself.keep asking mysel

32、f不停地问我自己Diana was once a secrelary of a big company.a secretary of a big company 家大公司的秘书She wanted to help poor people with eye problems again,so she made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work.(rain as a nurse训练成为一名护士attended courses after work 卜班后上课She docs not have as muc

33、h money as before,but she thinks her life is more meaning.have as much money as before和以前有一样多的钱3. spread35. A UNICEF officer came and learnt about (he conditions of the local people, learn about the conditions of the local people 了解当地人的条件词汇精讲especiallyespecially表示“特别地”，用于修饰形容词或副词，强调程度。有时也修饰动词。例如：It

34、is especially cold today.今天特别冷。We are especially busy today.我们今天特别忙。Im feeling especially tired this evening.今天晚上我特别累。I especially want to see that film.我特别想看那部电影。（2）用于强调目的，意为“特意、专门“，通常与表目的的不定式或介词for短语连用。例如：We bought it especially for you.这是我们特意为你买的。The book is written especially for children.这本书是专门

35、为孩子们写的。（3）表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、 从句等。例如:This street is very crowd, especially on Sundays.这条街很拥挤，尤其是星期天。Wc want to invite some friends, especially Jim and John.我们想邀请几个朋友，尤其是吉姆和约翰。provideprovide作动词，意为“提供，供给“，常与介词wilh连用，provide sb.wilh s【h.表示“供应给某人某物”； 也可以用于provide sth. for sb.,表示“

36、为某人提供某物“，provide的宾语是被提供的东西，for的宾语是 接受这些东西的人等。例如：The Sun provides us with light and heat. = The sun provides light and heat for us.太阳给我们提供光和热。【拓展】辨析：offer, provide 与 supplyoffer1）给予，提供（有主观上愿意供给的意思）He offered me a glass of wine.他端给我一杯酒。2）愿意，试图（做某事）；提议They offered to help me.他们表示愿意帮助我。3） offer还有“出价，给工资

37、”的意思。We offered him the calculator for $50.这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。provide1）作及物动词，”提供装备，供给”provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物She managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。2）作不及物动词，“抚养，赡养”（+for）He tried to earn more money to provide fbr a large family. 他设法多挣钱以供养一个大家

38、庭。supply作及物动词，”供给，供应；补充，满足“，其后常用介词io, for和wilh.We supply power to the three nearby towns.我们给附近的三个城镇提供电力。Our farm supplies the market with fruits. 我们的农场为这家市场提供水果。（1） spread作动词，意为“伸展,延伸,张开例如: The young bird spread its wings.那只幼鸟伸展翅膀。spread out a map 摊开地图spread还表示“薄薄地涂在上例如：spread butter on brcad=sprcad

39、 bread with butter. 在面包上涂奶油spread还表示“传播（消息等），（疾病）蔓延,撒（肥料等）例如: Dont spread bad news不要传播坏消息。Flies spread diseases.苍蝇传染疾病。treatmenttreat用作动词，意为“治疗”时,常用于“treat sb. fbr sth.”结构；还表示“以态度对待”常用于 “treatas/like sth.”结构。treatment是treat的名词形式,意为“对待；待遇;治疗”时,常用搭配有medical treatment 药物治疗;hospital treatment 住院治疗 例如：Th

40、e dentist is treating my teeth.牙医正在治疗我的牙齿。Marry treats me like one of the family.玛丽像家人一样的对待我。In poor countries, many people dont have money fbr medical treatment.在贫穷国家很多人没钱进行药物治疗。operate（1）operate作不及物动词，意为“运作;营业；产生效果”。例如：The machine is not operating properly.机器运转得不正常。His company operates in several

41、countries.他的公司在几个国家有业务活动。The medicine operated quickly.这药很快起 了作用。operate作不及物动词，还意为“动手术”，后接介词on。例如：The doctors decided to operate on him fbr the tumor.医生们决定为他开刀切除肿瘤。operate作及物动词，意为“操作;开动（机器）等”。例如：Who operates that machine?那台机器由谁操作？【拓展】operate作名词，意为“操作;运转”，在医学上表示“手术”。例如：The operation of this machine i

42、s simple.这个机器的操作很简单。The operation of a railroad needs many men.铁路的营运需要很多人。The operation saved her life.手术挽救了 她的生命。patientpalient作为形容词，意为“有耐性的；忍耐的它的名词形式palience,意思是“耐心；容忍”。例如: Sorry. Doctor Song is quite busy now. You should be patient and wait for a few minutes.对不起，宋医生现在很忙，你要耐心些，再等几分钟。It was hard work and required all his patience.工作很艰巨，需要他有极