词汇学模拟试卷

1、模拟试卷（1）I . Each of the statements below is followed by four choices. Please choose the one that best completes each statement.(10 %)In the word internationalists, nation is.A. rootB. stemC. baseD. root, stem, baseis the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock.A. ProductivityB.

2、StabilityC. CollocabilityD. All national characterNonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except.A. slangB. Anglo-Saxon wordsC. argotsD. neologismsIt is assumed that the world has 3 000 languages, which can be grouped into roughly _ language families on the basis of similarities in their b

3、asic word stock and grammar.A. 200B. 300C. 400D. 500The following languages all belong to the Eastern set except.A. Balto-SlavicB. Indo-IranianC. ArmenianD. ItalicIn the Eastern set, Armenian and are the sole modern languages inthe two respective families.A. AlbanianB. RussianC. SlovenianD. Lithuani

4、anminimal meaningful units in a language are known as.A. wordsB. allomorphsC. morphemesD. morphsThe are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning.A. morphsB. allomorphsA. morphsB. allomorphsC. morphemesD. allophonesMorphemes are units, which are realized in speech by discreteunits known as.A. concr

5、ete; allomorphs B. abstract; morphsC. abstract; lexemes D. concrete; morphs30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through.A. compoundingB. affixationC. conversionD. shorteningThe prefixes mal- in maltreat, mis- in misleading and pseudo- in pseudo-scientificare prefixes.A

6、. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locativeA word is the combination of and.A. spelling, soundB. form, meaningC. spelling, meaning D. sound, meaningBy form we refer to.A. its symbolsB. its spellingC. its pronunciation D.both its pronunciation and spellingReference is the relationship between la

7、nguage and.A. the worldB. the conceptC. the senseD. the motivationAll of the following are sense relations except.A. polysemyB. ameliorationC. homonymyD. antonymyis a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because the majority of words have more than one meaning.A. HyponymyB. SynonymyC. Po

8、lysemyD. HomonymyWhich of the following words does not undergo the process of narrowing of meaning?A. Meat.B. Liquor.C. Disease.D. Journal.factor is the one that often contributes to the associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words, etc.A. ScientificB. PsychologicalC. HistoricalD. Int

9、ernalThe change of word meaning is achieved by modes ofA. degradation and elevation B.transference and euphemismC. extension and narrowing D. all the aboveA word has meaning only when a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a.A. referenceB. referentC. conceptD. senseComplet

10、e the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10 %)Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, studying the origins and of words.A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaningand function.Modern English expands its vocabulary chief

11、ly through.The three main means of creating new words in modern English are compounding and conversion.The overwhelming majority of blends are.Words imitating natural sounds are words.Every word that has meaning has sense but not every word hasThe relationship between the word form and meaning is co

12、nventional and arbitrary, and most words can be said to be.Componential analysis, according to Leech, is the process of breakingdownthe sense of a word into its components.At the time when the words were created, it was endowedwith only one meaning. The first meaning is the meaning and the lattermea

13、nings are meaning.is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays.Extension and are the most commonmodesof word meaning changes.Narrowing of meaning is also known as, which is the opposite of.The extra-

14、linguistic context refers to the situation, which mayextend to embrace the entire.Linguistic context can be subdivided into context and context.Context can be divided into and context.Regarded as a derivational process without the addition of an affix, conversion can be called as.are the most comple

15、te description of words available to us.They are large in scope and size, containing at least 200 000 headwords.are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50 000to 150 000. And they are most used on desk.Based on the degree of similarity, homonyms fall into three types: , homographs and.III

16、. Please decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)()41. A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view.()42. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be intrinsically related.()43. The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences

17、between sound and form.()44. In early Middle English period, English, Latin,and Celtic existedside by side.()45. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of Modern English period.()46. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.()47. Conversion not only changes the

18、 grammatical function of items involvedbut their original meaning.()48. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained acceptance.()49. Backformation is considered to be the opposite process of affixation.()50. Complementaries can be used in comparative degree

19、s.()51. In a language, there are more synonyms than antonyms.()52. Antonyms differ in semantic inclusion.()53. The meaning of paper in a white paper is determined by grammaticalcontext.()54. The ambiguity in They saw her duck is due to polysemy.()55. The clue for the meaning ofjetty in The harbour i

20、s protected bya jetty a wall built out into the water is definition.()56. Idioms are generally felt to be informal; therefore they are usuallyinappropriate for formal settings.()57. The stylistic features of idioms are fixed and unchangeable.()58. Idioms are peculiar to native culture and language.(

21、)59. Dictionary is closely related to lexicology because they both deal with the form, meaning, usage and origins of vocabulary units.()60. In the Anglo-Saxon period, difficult Latin words and definitions wereoften collected into lists called glossaries for the sake of research.IV. Please give the m

22、eaning of the following prefixes (the italicizedpart of the word).You are to writeyour answer in English on the answerpart of the word).You are to writeyour answer in English on the answersheet. (10%)61. apolitical 62.decentralize65. unbug 66. pseudo-scientific69. arch bishop 70. hyperactive73. macr

23、oeconomics 74. over-anxiousdis obey 63.maltreat 67.codirect 71.micro computer 75.il literate 64.61. apolitical 62.decentralize65. unbug 66. pseudo-scientific69. arch bishop 70. hyperactive73. macroeconomics 74. over-anxiousdis obey 63.maltreat 67.codirect 71.micro computer 75.il literate 64.misinter

24、pret 68.extra -large 72.mini -bus 76.77. out swim 78. sub-system 79. subnormal 80.super sophisticatedV. Please give the directexpressions of thefollowing euphemisms. (10%)81. pass away82. social disease83. custodian83. custodianextermination engineermeet engineer86. sanitation engineer87. mortician8

25、8. hairdresser89. Gee90. Gosh almightyVI. Please translate the following idioms into Chinese.(20%in a brown studylip servicebury the hatchettit for tatthe lions sharediamond cut diamondlike cures likea fish out of waterthe salt of the earthsee eye to eye withas green as grassonce in a blue moonride

26、the high horsea bed of rosesmake bricks without strawan apple of discordJack of all tradesa fly in the ointmentcut and driedwide of the markVII. Answer the following questions. (30%)In what way are words related to vocabulary?What is the fundamental difference between content and functional words?Wh

27、at is the difference between grammatical and lexical morphemes, and inflectional and derivational morphemes? Give examples to illustrate their relationships.What are the merits and demerits of componential analysis?What is hyponymy?模拟试卷(1)答案及评分标准Please choose the one that best completes each stateme

28、nt. (10%)1-5 D D B B D6-10 A C A B B11-15 C B D A B16-20 C D B D B评分标准：本题共20道题，共10分；每题分。答错一律不给分。评分标准：本题共评分标准：本题共20道题，共10分；每题分。答错一律不给分。Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)meaningssyntacticword formationAffixationnounsonomatopoeicrefere

29、ncenon-motivatedminimalprimary; derivedradiationnarrowingspecialization ; extensionphysical; cultural backgroundgrammaticallinguistic ;extra-linguistic/non-linguisticzero-derivationunabridged dictionariesDesk dictionariesperfect homonyms; homophonesPlease decide whether the following statements are

30、true or false. (10%)41-45 T46-50 T51-55 T56-60 TF F T F41-45 T46-50 T51-55 T56-60 TF F T FT TFTTFFTT F T F评分标准：本题共20道题，共10分；每题分。答错一律不给分。Please give the meaning of the following prefixes . (10%)62.dis - not, the converse61. a- not, without, opposite to of62.dis - not, the converse63. il- not, the con

31、verse depriving ofof64.de- reversing the action,63. il- not, the converse depriving ofof64.de- reversing the action,65. un- reversing the action66.mal- badly, bad67. mis- wrongly68.pseudo- false, imitation69. arch - supreme, most footing70.co- jointly, on equal71. extra - very72.hyper- extreme73. ma

32、cro- large74.micro - very small75. mini - little76.over- excessive77. out- surpassing important78.sub- secondary, less79. sub- beneath, lesser80.super- more than,very specialbeyond,评分标准：本题共20道题,共10分；每题分。写错不给分。101. 101. 浑然无知的，无社会经验的V. Please offerthecorresponding direct expressionsof the euphemisms.(

33、10%)81. die83. janitor85. butcher87. undertaker82. venereal disease84. rat-catcher86. garbage collector88. barber89. Jesus90. God Almighty评分标准：本题共1 0道题，共1 0分；每题1分。答错律不给分VI. . Please translate the following idioms into Chinese.沉思默想空口应酬和解；停战争锋相对最大份额棋逢对手以毒攻毒不得其所的人，处于陌生环境的人社会中坚看法完全一致20%)102.千载难逢地.趾高气昂.称

34、心如意的境遇.做无米之炊.纷争之源.万事通而一无所长之人，万金油.美中不足.预先安排好的.毫不相干评分标准：本题共2 0道题，共20分；每题1分。答错一律不给分；同义表达 不扣分。VII . Answer the questions. (30%)In what way are words related to vocabulary?Vocabulary refers to the sum total of all the words in a language.In other words, vocabularyis composedof words and words makeup voca

35、bulary. If wecompare vocabulary to a family, words are family members.What is the fundamental difference between content and functional words?By notion, words fall into content words and functional words. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives , adverbs and numerals, which have clear notions

36、; whereas functional words are void of notions but are mainly used to connect content words into sentences. Content words are numerous and changing all the time, while functional words are small in number and stable. But functional words have a much higher frequency in use than content words.What is

37、 the difference between grammatical and lexical morphemes, and inflectional and derivational morphemes? Give examples to illustrate their relationships.Inflectional morphemesare the suffixes added to the end of words to denote grammatical concepts such as -s (-es) , -ed, -ing and -est (to show super

38、lative degree of adjectives and adverbs) whereas derivational morphemes are prefixes and suffixes added to words to form new words such as pre- , dis- , un- , -lion , -er , -ness and so on.Grammatical morphemes are those used to show grammatical concepts, including inflectional suffixes as mentioned above and f