高考语法专题：情态动词和虚拟语气(含答案)

1、个性化教学辅导教案学生姓名年 级学 科英语上课时间年 月日教师姓名课 题情态动词与虚拟语气教学目标1、情态动词的基本用法；2、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法；3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。教学过程学生活动教师活动学生活动直）复习检查【词汇用烧】Wildlife ProtectionDinosaurs died out because of an unexpected incident . But wildlife today disappears or is in danger just because humans do harm to it. For example, tigers are

2、 hunted for fur to make carpets so that they can only live in secure reserves; grassland is destroyed without mercy so that dust storms come into being affect ing distant cities.Last year, scientists saw some monkeys rubbing themselves with a certain kind of insects to protect themselves from fierce

3、 mosquito es biting . According to the result of the inspection , they found that the insect contain s a powerful drug, so local farmers were employ ed to catch the insects. The ending was that the insects disappeared from the whole zone. When told that it was a loss to humans, the farmers burst int

4、o laughter and responded, “Our realloss is our decreasing income.We should appreciate the natural balance and pay more attention to the importance of wildlife protection . Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace, can we smile in relief.保护野生动植物恐龙因一次意外事件 而灭绝.但是今天的 野牛动植物 却是因为人类的 伤害而消失或 处

5、在 危险中。例如，老虎被猎杀以获取做地毯的皮生，以致它们只能生活在 安全的保护区里;草地 被毫不怜悯地破坏,以致 沙尘暴开始影响遥远的 城市。去年，科学家观察到猴子在身上 擦某种昆虫来保护自己不受凶猛的蚊子的叮咬 。根据检查 的结果，他们发现这种昆虫 盒有一种具有 强大效力的药物,于是，当地的农民都被 暹来抓虫子。 结果是,这种昆虫从这整个 地区都消失了。当被告知说这是整个人类的 血义时，农民们都 突然 大笑着回应道:“我们减少的收入才是我们真正的损失呢! ”我们应该意识到自然平衡的重要、更加注意野牛动植物的保护。直到我们成功让野牛动植物安 详平静地 牛活.我们自己才能 如释重负地 笑开颜。【

6、词汇点拨】wildlifen.野生动植物protectionn.保护wildadj.野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的decreasevi. & vt减少；（使）变小；或父少die out灭亡；逐渐消失loss n.损失；遗失；丧失reserven.保护区huntvt. & vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻zonen.地域；地带；地区in peace和平地；和睦地；安祥地in danger (of)在危险中；垂危carpetn.地毯respondvi.回答；响应；做出反应distantadj.远的；远处的fur n.毛皮；毛；软毛reliefn.（痛苦或忧虑的）减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物in relief如

7、释重负；松了口气laughtern.笑；笑声burst into laughter突然笑起来；大声笑了出来mercyn.仁慈；范恕；怜悯certainadj.确te的；某一；一7Eimportancen.重要（性）rubvt.擦；摩擦protect from保护 不受 （危害）mosquiton.蚊子insectn.昆虫containvt.包含；容纳；容忍powerfuladj.强大的；后力的affectvt.影响；感动；侵袭attentionn.注思；关注；注思力pay attention to注忌appreciatevt.鉴赏；感激；意识到succeedvi.成功vt.接替；继任secur

8、eadj.女全的；可罪的incomen.收入employvt.雇用；利用（时间、精力等）harmn. & vt. 损害；危害bitevt. & vi. (bit, bitten)咬；叮；刺痛dinosaurn.恐龙come into being形成； 产生inspectvt.检查；视察unexpectedadj.没料到的；意外的incidentn. 事件；事艾dustn.灰尘；尘土；尘埃according to按照；根据 所说fierceadj.凶猛的；猛烈的so that以致于；结果endingn. 结局；结尾【考点精炼】一、请根据各句上卜文的意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处。bite, wi

9、ldlife, protection, affect, powerful, reserve, contain, zone, rub, effect, fierce, loss, mosquito, insectEveryone should realize the importance of protection, because some animals areendangered.Sunglasses can be a to your eyes against the strong sunlight on hot summer days.Wolong Nature, Sichuan Pro

10、vince is one home to pandas.Shenzhen Special Economic was founded in 1980.are small creatures with six legs and a body divided into three parts.Fresh fruit and vegetables plentiful Vitamin C.China is getting more and more in the world.Sex and violence in TV plays the development of a child.People sa

11、y that barking dogs don t.A tiger is a very kind of animal.Living near an airport may cause the of hearing some day.Why not hang a net over a bed to keep them away from you?Proper ways of educating kids will have a good on their character building.Pupils are asked to out the mistake if they find it

12、wrong.二、把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）：die out in peace in danger protect from pay attention to come into beingThe new country only two years ago.The government is doing its best to those rare animals being hunted.I had warned him of the possible danger, but he didn it. tElephants would if men are all

13、owed to shoot as many as they wished.Children s lives are every time they cross the road.The two communities live together.问题定位一、用所学情态动词填空。We use the computer now ,but we use it twenty years ago .My car is out of order now .There be something wrong with the engine. Listen !Helen is singing in the ne

14、xt room .It be Helen ,She has gone to Beijing .一 we use your office for a few minutes ?No, you mustn t .We will have an important meeting right now .He was very ill ,so he finish the work on time .二、用下列所给词的适当形式填空。Sorry, I am too busy now. If I (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you

15、.If we (book) a table earlier, we couldn t be standing here in a queue.一 Do you think George has passed the driving test?- No. If so, he (drive) his car to our college yesterday.If we had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he . (be) able to speak it muchbetter now.Had they known wha

16、t was coming next, they (have) second thoughts原因分析情态动词和虚拟语气用法掌握欠佳。一、情态动词I.情态动词知识概要情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to,dare (dared), shall (should), will (would).n .情态动词的位置情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态

17、动词放在主语之前。I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你，过来吧。He must have been away. 他一定走了。How dare you treat us like that!你怎么敢那样对待我们 ！出.情态动词的语法特征.情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接动词原形。.情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。.情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。W .情态动词的用法(一)can; could; be able toCan的用法(1)表示 能力”此时过去时是could)What can you do?(2)表示许

18、可、请求，何以“。 在口语中， can 可以代替 may 表示许可，而 may 比较正式。（此时用could或might语气更委婉）-Can/Could I go now?-Yes, you can.（3）表示推测（否，疑），把握很大，could也可表推测（肯，否，疑），把握比can小。-Look! Someone is coming! Who can it be?-It can t be him. He has gone to Paf如可能）He could be here soon.（4）肯定句中客观存在的可能性。有时会，偶尔”It can be quite windy there, es

19、pecially in spring.Could的用法（1）表示能力，can的过去式，过去能够Could you speak English then?Looking down from the plane, we could see lights on the runway.（2）请求允许（委婉语气）（问句的答语不用 could ,而用can,）m afraid not.Could Can I use your pen? Y Yes, of course you can. / No, Im afraid not.（3）表示推测可能性（肯，否，疑）We could go there this

20、summer.（将来可能性）You could be right, but I don t thinkyoffiOe怅）（4）could have done 对过去推测，可能已经。本来能够却没做，差点就He can t couldn t have seen herftthere.能在那儿见至U她。He could have gone home.他可能已回家了He could have told her, but he didn他 choose北诉她的，但他却没有。You could ask me before you use my phone. 你打电话之前本来可以问我声。I was so a

21、ngry I could have killed him. 我是那样生气，差点把他杀了。(5)can和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别，但can只有现在式和过去式(could),而be able to则有更多的形式。过去时：were/was able to 将来时：will/shall be able to 完成时：have /has been able to如果要表达将来的能力时，一般要用will/shall be able to .No one is able to do it.We shall be able to finish the work next week.I

22、 haven t been able to finish the bookCouldW was/ were able to 的区别：could 只表有能力， was/were able to 意含“过去某时经过努力设法做成了某事”还可以表示结果They worked hard, so they were able to do more for the company.He could cure the old man stillness)He was able to cure the old man(?tWness.(二)may 和 mightmay的用法(过去式 might)(1)表示允许、

23、许可，might提问更委婉。口语中可用can/ could.-May/Might I watch TV after supper?-Yes, you may./ Yes, please./ Certainly.-No, you mustnt. / No, you may not. / No, you can t.-No, you d better not.(2)表示推测(肯，否)，有或许、可能的意思。might把握更小。疑问句用 can/ couldHe may be right.I hear there may be a few copies left.He may come today (

24、tomorrow).He might come today (tomorrow).(3)表示祝愿，倒装。May you succeed!May you have many more days as happy as this one.might的用法(1)may 的过去式 He said that I might borrow this book.(2)许可(委婉语气)Might I .表示推测(肯，否) 或许可能把握比may小。疑问句用can/couldHe might get there in time, but I m not sure.特殊结构;may might (just) as

25、well意为 不妨”、还是为好”等，用might比用may语气更委婉。如：I m readyso I might as well go now .我已准备好，因此不妨现在就走。There s nothing to do, so I may might as well go to bed.(三)must, have tomust的用法(1)must表示必须。否定式must not (mustn 我示不应该、不许可、不准、禁止” 等。Everybody must obey the rules.The work must be finished as soon as possible.You mus

26、tn t lend it to others.You mustn t speak like that to your mother./在回答有must的询问时，否定式常用need not (needn t) / don表hav部必”，而不用must not,因为must not表示 禁止不可以t have to.-Must I go now? - Yes, you must.t have to.-No, you needn t. / No, you don（2）must表示推测（ .定、必定”），只用在肯定句中,其否定形式为can,t表示 不 可能”You must be hungry aft

27、er the long walk.The Chinese language must have the large number of speakers. must + have + done表示对过去事物的肯定推测。定做过He must have told my parents about it.（3）表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦.意为偏要”.you make so much noise?（A）Sorry, I will take care not to.A Must B Can C May D Would（4）must和have to的区别：must表示说话人的主观看法，have to不得

28、不，必须”，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。have to比must有更多形式。mustn表示决 不能，禁止，一定不要，而don t have t昧示不必要”.（英国英语常用needn t）.I don t like the TV set. I must buy a new one.（主观看法）The TV set is broken. I have to buy a new one. （客观需要）He had to spend his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm.You will have to

29、 do it again。（将来）（四）ought to/ should/ shallought to用于反映客观情况或涉及义务和规定时，常译作应该“、应当和should差不多，只是语气较强），有时表示非常可能的事情。There ought not to be much noise in a hospital.-Ought he to go? - Yes, he ought to.If she is completely well, she ought to be back at school today.ought to have done指过去动作，表示一件事情该做而未做。ought no

30、t to have done 表示一件不该做的事情却做了。should的用法(1)用于表示劝告和建议，应该”.表示自己的主观看法，语气比oughtto弱。You should keep your promise.should + have done指过去动作，表示一件事情该做而未做。should not + have done 表示一件不该做的事情却做了。-Who did it sound like? Anybody you know?-Well, perhaps Jeff. I should have asked who was calling before he hung it up.(2

31、)表推测，按道理，按常理应该”They should have arrived by two o clock.shall的用法(1)shall作为情态动词，用于第二、第三人称，陈述句，表示说话人的意愿，有命令”、警告、威胁、强制“、允诺”等意思。 必须，应，可以You shall do as I say.(命令)Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.(允诺)You shall be punished if you break the law.(表警告)(2)用于第一、第三人称，在疑问句中，shall用来征询对方意见。“好吗？ ”要不要？ ”

32、Where shall I wait for you?Shall he come at once?Shall we start the meeting now?(五)will 和 wouldwill的用法(1)will表示 意志、决心、意愿”，可用于多种人称。will指现在，would指过去。I will tell you all about it.He won t go.(2)will在疑问句中用语第二人称时，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求.委婉语气would.I m going to go shopping after school. Will you go with me?Will

33、you please give him a message when you see him?(3)表示习惯动作，有总是“、惯于”的意思。过去式 wouldHe ll talk for hours if you give him the chance.(4)表示功能，能”The door won t open. / The car won t start.(5)用于叙述真理，客观规律时 含Oil will float on water. / Fish will die without water.would的用法(1)Would是will的过去式，表示过去时间的意愿、愿望”，用于多种人称。Th

34、ey said that they would help us.I promised that I would do my best.(2)表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will委婉。指的是现在时间。Would you like some bananas?I d like to see your new bicycle.-Would you like to see a film? - Yes, I d like to.-Thanks. I m afraid not. / I m afraid I won t be able to.(3)表示过去的习惯动作。She would sit

35、like that for hours.Everyday she would get up at six o clock and light the fire. would和used to区别：Would过去常常”可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以，不能说：She would be a quiet girl. Used to则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不复如此”之意，动作或状态都可表示.She used to be a girl.When young, he would go out for a trip on Sundays. (Now maybe stil

36、l does)When young, he used to go out for a trip. (But now he doesn t)Near the village, there be a stream.(B)A. would B. used to(六)need 和 dareneed表示 需要、必须”。通常用在否定句或疑问句中。He needn t pay for it.-Need you go now?-Yes, I must. - No, I needn t.dare表示 敢。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句和if/whether引出的宾语从句中。How dare you say I

37、 m unfair?She dare not do so.He asked me if I dared speak English in public.need和dare也可用作行为动词，变化与一般动词相同She didn t need to go.-Who dares to go? - - I don t dare (to) go.“ needn t + have don示过去做了没必要做的事情。You neednt have taken it seriously.这件事情你不必太认真。(七)had better最好”，后接动词原形，否定形式 had better后加not如：-We had

38、 better go now.Yes, we had (wed better / we had better).Hadnt we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)You d better notalk so loudly .(八)情态动词+ have done. must have done, 一定做过/一定已经.”表示对过去情况极大把握地推测，仅用于肯 定句He must have attended the party last night .It must have rained last night ,for the road

39、is all wet.may/might have done 也许做过某事 may/ might not have done 也许没做过某事(之用 肯、否)might have done过去本来可能发生某事却没发生You may have read about it in the papers.It was terrifying .We might have been killed . could have done本来可以做某事却没做 .一般多用于否定句： can t have don表示不可 能发生了某事。He can t have taken it home .I didn t see

40、her in the meeting room this morning.needn t have done示本来不必做(却做了)而needn t d刎表示“不必做(也没做)”I needn t have taken the umbrella ,for the weather is fine .You needn t have told them again .I have told them already.ought to /should have done 表示“本来应当做的却没做 ”oughtn t / shouldn t havedone应该做某事却做了You ought to/sh

41、ould have studied harder情态动词+be doing 表示根据推测，现在正在进行或可能正在进行的动作。Eg. His mother must be waiting at the school gate.二、虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verb structure),用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实(fact),而只是一种假设 (hypotheses )愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion)或怀疑(doubt)等等。I.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法（一）if引导的非真实条件句与主句所用虚拟语气的情况If I were you, I would do

42、 it in another way.If I saw her now, I would be very happy.If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（二）混合虚拟语气当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从

43、句的情况条件从句主句与现在事实相反过去式（动词是 be用 were）should / would/could/might +动词原形与过去事实相反had +过去分词should / would/could/might + have + 过去分词与未来事实相反should + 动词原形were + 动词不te式3）过去式（动词是Be也可以用 were）should / would/could/might +动词原形谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。He would pass the test if h

44、e had taken my advice.If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.（三）非真实条件句中省略if的情况如果非真实条件句中有 had, were, should,可省略if,而将had, were, should提前形成部分倒装。Had he taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.Should it be sunny tomorrow, we would go hiking.Were there no air or wate

45、r, there would be no living things on the earth.(四)含蓄条件句虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。经常通过一些词或短语来表示，如 without, but for, otherwise, but 等。But for your help we couldn t have succeeded in the experiment.I couldnt have finished the work on time without your help.n.虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用. 在 suggest, requ

46、est, demand , urge, advise, insist, require , order, command , desire 等动词后的宾语从句，其谓语要用”(should) +动词原形”来表示提议、要求、命令、愿望等。由上述动词派生转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句也要用相应的虚拟形式。He suggested that we (should) leave early.The judge ordered that the prisoner (should) be remanded.在as if/as though引导的从句以及 wish引导的宾语从句，当从句表示与现在情况相反时，

47、 从句谓语用过去式；当从句表示与过去情况相反时，从句谓语用“ had +过去分词”； 与将来情况相反时，从句谓语用 would/could +动词原形”。We wish you had come to our New Year s party.He speaks English as though he were an American.在“It is/was +某些形容词、过去分词+ that从句”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为should +动词原形”。这些形容词有strange, astonishing, surprising,过去分词有 desired, suggest

48、ed, requested, recommended, ordered 等。It is important that we should speak politely.It is requested that Professor Liu ( should) give us a lecture.在由for fear that, in case等引导的状语从句中， 用should +动词原形表示唯恐He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.在“It is (about/high) time + th

49、at 从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“ should +动词原形”表示虚拟语气。It is high time that people learnt/should learn English.在if only句子中，谓语动词的形式与wish引导的宾语从句相同。If only the driven didn t drive so fast!一、用所学情态动词或所给动词正确形式填空。1.someone please tell me what is going on ?you please give him a message when you see him ?Are you coming to

50、Jeff s party ?一I m not sure .I go to the concert instead .When I was in Yunnan ,she tell me about the great changes in Y unnan . I didn t know whether he say that to her .-I was afraid not ,because he was a coward (懦夫)Without rules, there (be) no game.I m really thankful to you; without you, I (win)

51、 the first prize in the speech contest.I (go) to my cousin s birthday party last night, but I was not available.The doctor recommended he . (stay) a few more days in hospital.The mother ordered that the child (clean) his room at once.二、单句改错When he was a little boy, he used to swimming in the river n

52、earby.She mustn t have been to your home .She doesn t know your address .It is hated to say what kind of person he is .Sometimes he is very friendly ;at other times he may be very cold. Daddy, can you buy me a new MP5 when you go to Beijing ? You will get one if you are admitted to a key middle scho

53、ol . Must I finish all the work before noon ?-No, you mustn t .It was ordered that the classroom would be put in order.I don t think it is a good decision that he will be given this job since he has no experience at all.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would visit more places of i

54、nterest yesterday.Without our interpretation, you may finish it earlier.He speaks as if she is a witness.、情态动词在短文改错中的考点 情态动词used to的用法错误She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.（holding 改成 hold）（2013新课标卷）She is used to live in the country at present. （live 改成 living）情态动词后动词形式的错误You hav

55、e worked hard all day. You must being tired. (being 改成 be)二、虚拟语气在语法填空当中的考点 虚拟语气在状语从句中的考查运用He walked in as if he had bought (buy) the school , And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.You are late. If you had come (come) a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的考

56、查运用He suggested that they should use (use) a trick instead of fighting.三、虚拟语气在短文改错当中的考点非真实条件句中主句和从句的时态用法错误If I had known you were coming, I would reserved a larger table.(在 would 后力口 have)虚拟语气与真实语气误用I shouldnt do that if I was you. (was 改成 were):效果随证一、语法填空Don t handle the vase as ifj!(be) made of st

57、eel.I wish that I(go)with you last night.Nowadays, it s necessary that young people (master) at least one foreign language.It s time you (go) home and I d rather you (come) again tomorrow.It s high time that we (stop) polluting our own hometown.二、单句改错You can return the dictionary now .You can keep i

58、t till next week if you like .Dare you to tell your parents your school records?Could I use this computer ? Yes , you could .If you may go , at least wait till the rain stops.She told him he ought not do it .三、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。I have a daughter who just entered the 7th grade,

59、which is known in our area 1 one of the most awkward and socially difficult years for girls.I did not want my daughter to be someone who did things just to be popular 2 a person confident in her own shoes and following her own likes.I have done activities for Awkward Years Project -for 3 website; Ma

60、ny women write a bit about themselves during the 4(embarrass) part of their lives - how their-life was arid how ittused out, always a positive inspiration . My daughter and her friends love checking the website and discuss 5 (happy) how they recognize the women who have shared. 6 shared about the en