药理学讲义01 Introduction课件

1、Pharmacology药理学Introduction1What is pharmacology?Drug药物Pharmacology is the study ofinteractions between drugs and the bodyBody身体2What is pharmacology?Drug药物Pharmacology is the study ofinteractions between drugs and the bodyBody身体Pharmacodynamics 药物效应动力学is the study of what the drug does to the body3

2、What is pharmacology?Drug药物Pharmacology is the study ofinteractions between drugs and the bodyBody身体Pharmacodynamics 药物效应动力学is the study of what the drug does to the bodyAbsorption, distribution, eliminationare what the body does to the drugPharmacokinetics 药物代谢动力学studies the concentrations (浓度) ove

3、r time4Action on the bodyDrug药物5Action on the bodyDrug药物Poison毒物Indication 适应征Unwanted EffectsContra-indication7Action on the bodyDrug药物Dose剂量Poison毒物Indication 适应征Adverse reactionContra-indication8Highlights of theHistory of PharmacologyThe Egyptian Ebers papyrus from the 16th century BC is the old

4、est complete medical document still in existence. It is mainly a collection of prescriptions (处方) for various symptoms (症状).神农本草经 (Shennongs Classic of Herbal Medicine) is considered to be the earliest Chinese pharmacological work, a compilation of all medicinal knowledge accumulated around the firs

5、t century BC.Tang Dynastys 新修本草 (Revised Canon of Materia Medica) is the first official pharmacopoeia (药典) in the world, dating from 659.Ming Dynastys 李时珍 writes the 本草纲目 (Compendium of Materia Medica) in 1596. It is the classical reference of Traditional Chinese Medicine, or TCM. It consists of 52

6、volumes detailing more than 1800 drugs. It is a must-have for TCM scholars today.10German chemist F. W. Sertrner (1783-1841) is the first to isolate morphine (分离提纯吗啡) from the poppy. Experimentation on dogs proves its analgesic action. ISOLATION (分离) OF COMPOUNDSGerman microbiologist P. Ehrlich test

7、s hundreds of chemical substances on syphilis. The 606th substance tested, an arsenic compound, proves effective. SCREENING (筛选出) OF COMPOUNDSPharmacology becomes an independant discipline when R. Buchheim (1820-1879) sets up the first laboratory of pharmacology in Germany, writes the first pharmaco

8、logy textbook, and becomes the first professor of pharmacology. In 1869, Buchheims student O. Schmiedeberg (1838-1921) shows that muscarine produces the same effect on the heart as electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. STUDY OF DRUG TARGETS (药物的作用部位)In 1940 in Britain, Florey, on the basis of F

9、lemings work in 1928, isolates penicillin (分离出青霉素) from a culture of blue mold, and initiates the clinical use of antibiotics (抗生素).MODERN CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY11More Recent Research DevelopmentsBetter understanding of molecular mechanisms of drug actions and the root causes of diseasesIdentification of new drug targetsNew techniques of chemical synthesis and high-throughput screeningDevelopment of New DrugsPreclinical tests on isolated tissues and animalsClinical tests:Phase 1: test of activity and toxicity on a few health