2021考研英语何凯文每天一句(184～196)

1、 13/132021考研英语何凯文每天一句(184196) 184，经济学人的句子： JEFF BEWKES, theboss of Time Warner, a large media conglomerate, rarely utters the word“magazine”. Before becoming boss of Time Warner, he oversaw its highlyprofitable premium television channel, HBO. His passion is TV, not text. Thereforefew who know Mr Be

2、wkes were surprised when he announced on March 7th that TimeWarner would spin off Time Inc, its magazine unit, by the end of 2013. 词汇突破：conglomerate 大公司，大集团 utter 说 oversee 掌管 spin off 剥离 句子分析：Therefore few whoknow Mr Bewkes were surprised when he announced on March 7th thatTime Warner would spin of

3、f Time Inc, its magazine unit, by the end of 2013. 主干识别：few were surprised 其他成分：定语从句： who know Mr Bewkes 了解Mr Bewkes 的人 状语从句： when he announcedon March 7th that Time Warner would spin off Time Inc, its magazineunit, by the end of 2013 他在3月7日宣布集团将于2013年底前剥离杂志部门时代公司时 参考译文：传媒大鳄，时代华纳的老板JEFF BEWKES很少提及“杂

4、志”一词。接手华纳之前，他掌管的集团重要利润部门优质电视频道HBO。他的热情来自于电视，而非文字。这也是为什么他在3月7日宣布集团将于2013年底前剥离杂志部门时代公司时，熟悉他的人不感意外的原因。 185，做题的时间到了！这是最新一期经济学人上的文章，还是老规矩，评论过千的时候就是给答案的时候。注意队形！ Some music has always been about the performance. Watching a rock band live, for example, is not just a matter of appreciating the quality of the

5、 sound. What the musicians get up to on stage is almost as important. But you might think that classical music would be immune from such distractionsdoubly so when a performance is being judged as part of a competition. However, a study by Chia-Jung Tsay, a concert pianist who is also a researcher a

6、t University College,London,suggests that even judges awarding prizes can be swayed by what they see aswell as what they hear. Dr Tsay?s study, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(NAS), employed over 1,000 volunteers (half novices and halfexperts) to evaluate the pe

7、rformances of candidates in ten prestigious musiccompetitions, to see if they agreed with the judges? decisions. Each volunteerassessed 30 performancesthe top three from each competition. The catch wasthat only a third of volunteers were shown the performances accompanied by thesoundtrack. The other

8、 two-thirds got either to see each performance or to hearit, but not both. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? (A) The soundtrack of music competition can be assessed by NAS. (B) Volunteers without any experience are competing with expertise ones. (C) The performance of the music exerts

9、 certain influence on judges. (D) The top three of 30 performances are evaluated by volunteers. 题型识别：段落推理题 思路解析：回文定位第一段最后一句： a study suggests that even judges awarding prizes can be swayed by what they see aswell as what they hear. 不做过多的解析就是想告诉大家，段落推理题的答案真的是讲来源的。 这两段话最重要的就是这一句：结论！观点！ 主题为王！主题为王！ 选项分析

10、：能和刚才那句话匹配的只有C;其他几个选项我都不知道我在说什么，就是胡乱的拼凑。 186，今天的句子很有意思，不长但是需要仔细思考，别急着看解析，好好地看一看！ 后面附上一个能用的写作句型。加油！ The sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 词汇突破：sex ratio性别比率 be favored 受到亲睐 descendant 后代 gene co

11、pies transmitted 被传播的基因份数 主干分析：The sex ratio will be favored 其他成分：whichmaximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 定语从句修饰the sex ratio 微观分析：1.定语从句中套一个定语从句：which maximizes thenumber of descendants （that）an individualwill have. 定语从句中宾语的t

12、hat被省略了 2.And 连接两个number; (hence 是状语在找并列的时候可以忽视） 补全就是：which maximizes the number ofand (maximizes) the number of; 参考译文：这种性别比率将会受到青睐，这种性别比率能够最大化个体所拥有的后代数目，而且因此可以最大化被传播的基因份数。 写作句型: 经济学人原句： Opinionsare furiously divided as to whether the unintended harm causedby health reform will outweigh its benefits

13、. 句型： Opinions are furiously divided as towhether the unintended harm caused by A will outweigh its benefits. 仿写例句： Opinions are furiously divided as towhether the unintended harm caused by the Internet will outweigh its benefits. 互联网所带来的意想不到的害处是否会比其带来的益处更大，人们的看法非常不同。 187，这是8月3日经济学人上的文章！ ANALOGIES c

14、hange. Once, it was fashionable to describe the brain as being like the hydraulic systems employed to create pleasing fountains for 17th-century aristocrats? gardens. As technology moved on, first the telegraph network and then the telephone exchange became the metaphor of choice. Now it is the turn

15、 of the computer. But though the brain-as-computer is, indeed, only a metaphor, one group of scientists would like to stand that metaphor on its head. Instead of thinking of brains as being like computers, they wish to make computers more like brains. This way, they believe, humanity will end up not

16、 only with a better understanding of how the brain works, but also with better, smarter computers. 词汇突破：Metaphor比喻 1. The sentence “one group of scientists would like to stand that metaphor on its head” most probably means . (A) one group of scientists would like to change the brain as the metaphor

17、of head. (B) one group of scientists would like to make the brain more like a computer. (C) one group of scientists would like to put the metaphor on the brain. (D) one group of scientists would like to design a brain-like computer. 题型识别：词汇题（句子） 思路解析：我们寻找的是这个句子的语境含义，因为这个句子本身我们确实读不懂！ 定位到原文第五句；但是第五句后半

18、句就是题干；第六句以及第七句；第五句和第六句是正关系（they= one group of scientists）; 第六句和第五句也是正关系；（they=they）所以正确答案就应该是对于这两句话中某一句的同义替换！ 所以词汇题一定注意定位！定位！定位！定位！ 词汇题通常的做法是：通过正反关系找到包含题干的句子在文章中的对应点和对应句，然后用四个选项与之比对，替换！ 所以这一题中对应的句子应该是：Instead of thinkingof brains as being like computers, they wish to make computers more likebrains.

19、（他们想使计算机变得更像大脑，而不是将大脑想象成为计算机。） 选项分析：AC两个个选项都是对于字面单词的胡乱改写； 选a和c 的同学你们一定要注意不能用选项和题干直接同意替换！这样是危险的！除非你有十足把握你读懂了题干！ B选项刚好写反了：不是让大脑更像电脑！ D选项是对句子的同意替换。正确！ a brain-like computer. 一个像大脑的计算机 在好多地方也写成了：a brain like computer，所以不是你做错的理由。 onegroup of scientists would like to stand that metaphor on its head 的翻译是：但

20、有一批科学家想要将这个比喻给倒过来。 参考译文：对大脑的比喻总是在变。有段时间，人们流行将大脑形容为用来给17世纪贵族的花园带来赏心悦目的喷泉的水力循环系统。随着技术的进步，先是电报网，再是电话交换站，都成为过大脑的喻体。现在轮到计算机了。尽管“计算机般的大脑”其实只是一个比喻而已，但有一批科学家想要将这个比喻给倒过来。他们想使计算机变得更像大脑，而不是将大脑想象成为计算机。他们认为这样不仅最终能使人类更好的了解大脑是如何工作的，还能做出更好，更智能的计算机。 188，很多同学由于对于美国的三权分立体系不了解一遇到政治和法律的文章就晕菜，所以今天先把美国的司法体系简单的介绍一下。美国的法院系统

21、相对复杂，作为一个考研同学来 讲这些常识是应该知道的，这是有文化的表现。KK不是法律专业的，所以总结不是很全，但是对付考研应该够了，而且是现有的最全，最精简的了。同学们静下来好好的看一下，真的会有帮助的，我后面会把美国的行政和立法体系介绍一下。保持队形，那怕一个人也应该像一支队伍！ 从级别来讲美国法院分为：联邦法院和州法院 一. 美国联邦法院（Federal Courts） 联邦法院又分为：普通法院和专门法院。 普通法院分为三级，从下到上分别是： 1.地方法院United States District Court 2.上诉法院（除了联邦区域上诉法院）District Court of App

22、eals. 3.最高法院United States Supreme Court 专门法院有： 1.破产法庭(U.S. bankruptcy Court) 2.税务法庭(United states Tax Court) 3.国际贸易法庭(United States Court of International Trade) 4.美国联邦权利申诉法院( United States Courts of Federal Claims) 5.美国军事上诉法院(United States Courts of Appeals for Armed Forces) 6.美国联邦巡回上诉法院(the United

23、 States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit) 这是最著名的法院： CAFC最为人熟悉的职能是作为对专利确权、侵权诉讼的专属上诉法院。它受理来自美国专利商标局（PTO）的关于专利审查案件、美国联邦地区法院（DCT）专利侵权案件、和来自美国国际贸易委员会（ITC）的“337调查”案件的上诉。自其成立以来，美国联邦巡回上诉法院审理的案件大约有三分之一涉及专利。 7.联邦区域上诉法院(United States Courts of Appeals)（也称Federal Judicial Circuits）(下设11个巡回法庭分辖11个区域) 8.美

24、国退伍军人权利上诉法院（United States Courts of veterans Appeals) 补充说明：美国宪法指明要成立最高法院，其余法院由美国国会授权成立。 Federal courts The federal court system is made up ofseveral levels of hierarchical court. The top-level court is the United StatesSupreme Court. Below this are the District Court of Appeals. Below this is theUni

25、ted States District Courts, for various geographical areas as defined by theUnited States Congress. 二州法院（State courts） State courts take a wide variety of forms,as defined by each states legislature. For example, in New York, there is a Supreme Court which isactually the lowest-level trial court; it

26、s name is based on the fact that it ishigher ranked than all administrative and local courts. The highest court in New York is the New YorkCourt of Appeals. 一般而言州法院分为三级： 1.州最高法院(State Supreme Court),（有些州不设） 2.州上诉法院(Superior Court of Appellate Division)，、 3.初审法院(County or Municipal Court) 基本职能介绍： 联邦系

27、统法院管辖的案件主要是：因联邦法律、条约或州宪法而系争的所谓“联邦问题案件”，包括宪法规定由最高法院初审或终审的案件，以及联邦法律规定由联邦系统的法院专属管辖的案件，如破产案件等。双方当事人为不同国籍或州籍而且系争数额达一万美元的案件，可由当事人自行决定由联邦法院或州法院审理，但离婚案件除外。联邦其他法院移送的案件，以及原属联邦与州双重管辖而双方当事人自愿转由联邦法院审理的案件。不属联邦法院专属管辖的案件，州法院均可管辖。至于各州之间的管辖，由于法律规定各异，与适用何州法律的冲突法问题密切相关，是美国法中争执较多、解决较难的问题。 Todays sentence : Even in today

28、s hyperpartisanWashington, the odds still favor such a deal. 译：就算在今天的华盛顿，两党意见空前分歧，我们依然相信，这样的计划最终一定会出台。本句中。最难可能就属这个单词“hyperpartisan”难了点，该单词是个合成词，其中“hyper” adj.高度紧张的;亢奋的,过度兴奋的;易激动的,为英语俚语用词，“partisan” n. (党派等的)强硬支持者;党人，合成词在本文的语义环境中，。单独译为一个句子：两党意见空前分歧 Odds：机会依然垂青于这样的计划（转译为我们依然相信”。 189，再战句子推理题！再次强调句间关系的重

29、要性，同时这篇广告的重要性说的挺有道理的，可以作为语料积累。周末也不能作为借口哦！开学事务繁多，一定静心！ Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competi

30、tive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily new

31、spaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more. 51. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that _. A he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising B everybody knows well th

32、at advertising is money consuming C advertising costs money like everything else D it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising/ft 题型识别：句子推理题 题干定位：第一段 思路解析：初看这个题目会定位到第一句，然后对第一句进行句式分析，但是你会发现对于解题是没有帮助的。 句子主干就是： money is money 这样四个选项都可以成为正确选项。于是你需要了解句子间的关系。第一句是整个段落的中心。后面的句子都是在解释这句话的。所以问这句话是什么意思，其实就是问

33、对后面句子的理解。这个段落中第二句，第三句，第四句，第五句是并列的关系，从并列的句子中可以抽象出的共同点是：在广告上所花的钱都是正面的。所以需要寻找的答案是需要放到第一句能起到总起的作用，能对后面的句子起到概括的作用。 选项分析：能够放在段落的第一句作为总起句的句子的选项只有： it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising 在广告上花的钱是值得的。 这句之后所接的所有句子才能符合句子和句子间的关系。 特别注意：这里没有转折；要是有转折就该选转折后的了！ 190，来一道细节题吧！ Yet the BBC will have to change, b

34、ecause the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels ITV and Channel 4 were required by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channe

35、ls funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers subscriptions which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term. 58. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than _. A the emergence of commercial TV channels B the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the gover

36、nment C the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs D the challenge of new satellite channels 然而BBC将不得不进行变革，因为周围的广播世界正发生变化。商业电视频道ITV 和第四频道应撒切尔政府广播法案的要求进行商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。但从长远来看会引起最大变化的是新的卫星频道的出现，它们的部分资金来自广告收入，部分来自用户收视费。 特别注意：advertisers 登广告的人！ 题型识别：细节题 题干定位：题干中有两个我们在写作中常用的元素，一个是foremost（最主要的

37、），还有一个是other than (除了）。no other than 则表示强调，就是； 题干翻译为：BBC 重新调整自我的最主要原因是什么？ 定位到最后一段第一句： Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. 但是BBC将必须改变，因为其周围广播的世界正在发生改变； 但是这句话本身没有答案，只能往后定位，后面两句话都在讲原因，而在最后一句话中出现了biggest changes;因此答案来自于此句。 思路解析：典型的细节题，并且是和因果相关的细节题。 选项分析

38、：最后一句为： But it is the arrival of new satellite channels which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term. 从长远来看，正是卫星频道的来临将会带来最大的变化； 抓大放小，紧扣主干； 在选项中和卫星频道有关就只有第四个选项： D the challenge of new satellite channels 来自于新的卫星频道的挑战； 所以即使有同学看不出来挑战是改变的同意替换，也不妨碍我们选对题目 191，(翻译的重点知识） 学习是一种信仰。不只是在悲伤痛苦的时候，任何

39、时候，学习才能让你立于不败之地。开学的纷扰是需要我们去面对！有时候，你假装自己变的强大了，你就真的强大起来了。就如，你假装自己忘记了过去所有的不快与痛苦，你就真的忘记了，人生掀开新的一页。努力吧！ 复习一下上课的内容！ 翻译的过程是： （1）将句子划分意群。 所谓意群简单的讲就是完整的一个成分，比如：主语，定语，状语等， 但是当两个成分相对比较简单或者意义联系紧密的时候可以讲多个成分划为一个完整的意群，比如：he did not accept the charge这个主谓宾就可以划为一个意群了。 划分意群的时候常见的划分点：动词，连词，标点（逗号，冒号，破折号），介词 （2）将每个意群一一的翻

40、译为中文。 任何过长的成分都可以翻译为单独的一个中文句子 （3）再将翻译好的意群按中文的表述逻辑拼装为完整的句子。 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational processwhich we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education - thatof direct tuition or schooling. 主干识别：We are thus led to distinguisha more formal kind of educatio

41、n 其他成分：within the broad educationalprocess 状语 which we have beenso far considering “ process”的定语 that of directtuition or schooling. 同位语 翻译点拨：词汇的处理 distinguish 区分出 consider考虑/讨论 tuition 直接讲授 schooling 学校教育 主句的处理 We are thus led todistinguish a more formal kind of education 直接翻译为：我们进而被引导去区分(引导我们的就是我们

42、自己) 翻译中常常是将被动变为主动，“得以”是常见的替换方式，在我的课程笔记中是可以看到的。 同位语的处理： that of directtuition or schooling. 记中是可以看到的。 所以可以改译为：这就使我们进而得以去区分一种更加正式的教育。 状语的处理： within the broadeducational process which we have been so far considering 定语从句可以前置 ，在（我们）一直讨论的广义的教育过程中， 代词“我们”和主句的“我们”重复了，可以省略。 同位语可以处理为:“也就是” That 指代前面的正式教育，只是为

43、了语言更正式可以不翻译。 参考译文：这就使我们进而得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中去区分出一种更加正式的教育，也就是直接讲授或学校教育。 特别提示： 在翻译的过程中我们一直在遵循一种原则，那就是： 2+1 = 2 (加词不加意) 2+1 = 2（减词不减意）的原则。 代词的省译 例1：One must have studied hard before one could succeed in mastering a foreignlanguage. 【译文】必须勤学苦练, 才能精通一门外语。 例2：He covered his face with his hand as if to prote

44、ct his eyes. 【译文】他用手蒙住脸，好像去保护眼睛。 例3：Our son, Carl, who is six, goes to a good private school, and ourdaughter, who is four, won?t go to school until next year. 【译文】我儿子卡尔六岁，在一所很好的私立学校读书，女儿四岁，明年才上学。 例4：We live and learn. 【译文】：活到老，学到老。 名词的省译: 同位语从句所补充说明的名词： Behaviorists，in contrast，say that differences

45、 in scores are due to the fact that blacks areoften deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantagesthat whites enjoy. 相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。 一些没有实际含义,省去后能使句子更加通顺和简洁，且不改变句子含义的名词： A of B （上下义词） the practice of run , 一些表示比喻含义的名词 动词的省译： 动词一般不能省略，但某些动词(

46、如give, make, come, take, pay )与具有动作意味的名词连用时可以省略；系动词（如become, go, get等）也可以省译。 192，But it?s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing pa renthood aren?t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience,

47、in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston. 主干识别：it?sinteresting to wonder 其他成分：if theimages we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren?tin some small, subconscious way contributing to our o

48、wn dissatisfactions withthe actual experience If引导的宾语从句 in thesame way that 引导宾语从句中的状语从句： a smallpart of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bitlike Jennifer Aniston. 翻译点拨：词汇点拨： Parenthood父母（身份）= parent Subconscious潜意识 contributingto 造成 the Rachel 瑞秋（美剧六人行中的主角之一，很美，剧中是一个单

49、生妈妈）JenniferAniston 瑞秋的扮演者，生活中也是一个单生妈妈，前夫是布拉德.皮特 主句的处理： it?s interesting to wonder 形式主语可以直接翻译为： 但是有趣的是可以思考一下 宾语从句的处理： 这里需要结合一个结构： towonder ifaren?t 这个结构是可以翻译为否定也可以翻译为肯定的，多翻译为肯定。 有趣的是可以思考一下，我们每周看到的无忧无虑，幸福诱人的为人父母的形象会不会从一种微小的，无意识的方面加剧我们对于现实生活的不满。 状语的处理： in thesame way that a small part of us hoped g et

50、ting “ the Rachel” might make us lookjust a little bit like Jennifer Aniston. 这种方式就好像：我们中有一小部分人会觉得，要是成为瑞秋（单身妈妈）就有可能使我们看上去有点像使得我们看上去有点像詹尼弗安尼斯顿了。 参考译文：有趣的是可以思考一下，我们每周看到的无忧无虑，幸福诱人的为人父母的形象会不会从一种微小的，无意识的方面加剧我们对于现实生活的不满。这种方式就好像：我们中有一小部分人会觉得，要是成为瑞秋（单身妈妈）就有可能使我们看上去有点像有点像詹尼弗安尼斯顿了。 193，现在来看这样的句子就会很简单了吧。 For e

51、xample，the tests do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 主干识别：the tests do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how+从句 其他成分：how able an unde

52、rprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. how 引导一个宾语从句，其主句为how able an underprivileged youngster might have been；还原为中文的语序为：an underprivileged youngster might have been how able; 条件状语从句：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.（if被省略，had提前）还原为

53、：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances. 翻译点拨：compensate for 弥补 gross social inequality 明显的社会不公 and thus 因此 tell 说明 underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件不好的 underprivileged youngster （屌丝） under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下 本句只要能识别出句子结构翻译就比较容易了。 参考译文：测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的

54、环境下成长的话，会有多大才干. 194，还有几天大纲就要颁布了，大纲颁布就标志着我们的复习进入了白热化的冲刺阶段了，一定要安排好自己的时间规划，要有重点有方向。要把暑期所写的内容串起来。这里考察一下大家记不记得这些词： 观点词 转折词 因果词 指代词 主体词 例证词 态度词 否定词 这些都是在原文，题干和选项中必须关注的，也是我特别强调的！在我大纲解析的时候还会给同学们讲这些词！以及一些新的词，拜托大家一定要复习！ 不能选择退却，很多同学在去年的这个时候无数次的想放弃，最后坚持下来的都胜利了！你若不坚强，懦弱给谁看！ 抓好基础，今天的题目回归细节题. A great deal of atten

55、tion is being paid today to the so-called digital divide the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive force

56、s that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic. 55. Digital divide is something _. A getting worse because of the Internet B the rich countries are responsible for C the world must guard against D considered positive today 今天，人们十分关注所谓的是信息差异问题世界上信息资源丰富的地区和信息资源贫乏的地区之间的差异；这个

57、差异确实存在，我和我妻子20年前就曾谈及这个临近的危险。然而，那时还不太明显的是一些抵制信息差异的、新的积极因素。实际上我们是完全有理由感到乐观的。 题型识别：细节题 题干定位：定位第一段 思路解析：精读原文的答案来源句： 第一句：简单介绍什么是信息差异 第二句：确认存在 第三句：重点掌握：looming (隐约的）danger 最后两句不是讲信息差异了而是对抗信息差异的力量。 选项分析：A.因果错误。并且第一段中没有谈到互联网的问题。 B.强加因果，常识干扰，认为坏事都是富国干的，这是不对的。 C.文中谈到是危险，那么就应该去防范。（同意改写）正确答案 D.“对抗信息差异的力量”才被认为是正

58、面的。偷换了主语，所以不对。 195，“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own en d up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define journalism? as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.” 主干识别：Newman wrote+宾语从句 其他成分：So few authors have