过考点3 主旨大意-阅读理解训练

1、PAGE12专题1阅读理解过考点3主旨大意Passage1体裁:说明文话题:健康主题:流感疫苗贴词数:297建议用时:6分钟【2022东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟考试（一）】Heresanideawhosetimehascome:Aflushotthatdoesntrequireanactualshot.Forthefirsttime,researchershavetestedafluvaccinepatch(疫苗贝占）inahumanclinicaltrialandfoundthatitdeliveredasmuchprotectionasatraditionalinjectionwith

2、aneedle.Doctorsandpublichealthexpertshavehighhopesthatitwillincreasethenumberofpeoplewhogetimmunized(使免疫）againsttheflu.SeasonalfluisresponsibleforuptohalfamilliondeathsaroundtheworldeachyearaccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.AteamledbyGeorgiaTechengineerMarkPrausnitzhascomeupwithanalternativemeth

3、odthatuses“microneedles”Thesetinyneedlesaresosmallthat100ofthem,arrangedinorderonapatch,canfitunderyourthumb(拇指).Yettheyrebigenoughtoholdvaccineagainstthreetypesofflu.Noneofthestudyvolunteershadserioussideeffects.Thegroupsthatgotpatcheshadmildskinreactionsthatwerenotseenintheregularneedlegroup,while

4、thevolunteersintheregularneedlegroupweremorelikelytoexperiencepain.Overall,70percentofthevolunteerswhogotvaccinepatchessaidtheydratherusethemagainthangetatraditionalflushot.Thestudyauthorsdeclareditasuccessonallfronts.Thebiggestbeneficiariescouldbepeopleinlowandmiddle-incomecountries,whereitishardto

5、comebyfluvaccines.Reducingpainisnice,butotherbenefitsthepatchcostsless,iseasiertotransport,doesntrequirerefrigeration,canbeself-administeredanddoesntcausewasteofneedlesareevenbetter.“Microneedlepatcheshavethepotentialtobecomeidealcandidatesforvaccinationprograms,”wroteKatjaHoschlerandMariaZambonofPu

6、blicHealthEngland.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Avaccinethatcurespeopleoftheirflu.B.Ateamthatdoesresearchonseasonalflu.C.Apatchthatmakesflushotsathingofthepast.D.Amethodthatmakestraditionalflushotspainless.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthevaccinepatch?A.Itcausesslightsideeffects.B.Itcausesseriousskinreaction

7、s.C.ItdeliversvaccineontheheaD.D.Itworksbadlyon30%ofthevolunteers.3.Thenewpatchhasallthefollowingbenefitsexceptthat_.A.itisprovidedfreeofchargeB.itcanbeusedwithoutdoctorsC.itcanbekeptatroomtemperatureD.itneedslesscareintransportation4.WhatisKatjaandMariasattitudetowardsthenewpatch?A.Cautious.B.Favor

8、able.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.Passage2体裁:记叙文话题:计划与愿望律师改行当作家词数:270建议用时:6分钟【2022广东省广州市部分重点中学高三第二次模拟考试】ForyearsIhavehadnoideawhatIhavebeendoingwithmylife.Iwasa30-year-oldlawyerinNewYork.Butbeingalawyerwasnevermydreamorgoalinlife.Ihonestlywantedtobeawriter.Ihaveagreatimaginationandwouldwriteamazingsto

9、riesinmyhead.ButIalwaysknewthatbeingawriterwasneverpossibleformebecauseitwasabetterfinancialdecisiontostayasalawyer.Recently,Icouldntfallasleepatmyusualtimeof10p.m.andwhenIdidfallasleepIhadthesamedreamoverandoveragain.ThedreamstartswithmeintheoceantryingtogoforaswimandI,msearchingforsomething,butIst

10、arttodrownandhavenocontrolovermybody.ThenalightshinesthroughthewaterandwhenIlookupallIcanseeismyselfinabrightwhiteroomwritinganovel.ThenIhearavoicesayrepeatedly,Nowisthetimetotrysomethingnew!Itwasntjustadream,itwasmyopportunitytomakesomethinggoodoutofmylife.Thatafternoon,IquitmyjobatthelawfirmandIco

11、uldnthavebeenanyhappier.Mylifestartedat30,andeverydaysincethatpointIhaventstoppedenjoyinglife.Istartedtowriteandmybookshavebeenonthebest-sellerslistforthelasttwomonths.Thingshavedefinitelyturnedaround.Changeisagoodthing,itgivesusanopportunitytotakeachance.SomytwofavoritewordsIlivebyandsoshouldyouare

12、changeandchance.1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanknowthat_.A.theauthorisnow30yearsoldB.itisimpossiblefortheauthortobecomeawriterC.alawyercanbelikelytoearnmorethanawriterD.theauthorpreferstobealawyerratherthanawriter2.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabouttheauthors_.A.difficultyinsleepingatnightB.strongdesi

13、retobecomeawriterC.wishtohaveaswimintheoceanD.terribleswimmingexperienceintheocean3.Theunderlinedpartinthe3rdparagraphprobablymeanstheauthor_.A.regrettedhavingquithisjobasalawyerB.wasunhappyaftergivinguphisjobasalawyerC.wasupsetbecausehehadtogiveuphisjobasalawyerD.wasprettyhappywhenhequithisjobasala

14、wyer4.Thebesttitleofthetextmightbe_.A.LawyerorWriterB.ChangeandChanceC.ChangeandRegretD.RiskorOpportunityPassage3体裁:说明文话题:旅游和交通主题:全球变暖影响飞行词数:289建议用时:7分钟【2022山东省、安徽省名校高三10月联考】Airtravelcanbeannoying.Butresearchnowsuggestsglobalwarmingcouldmakeitmuchworse.Togetoffthegroundinreallyhotweather,planesmaybe

15、forcedtocarryfewerpassengers.Thatmightmeanalittlemorespace,whichwouldbegood.However,italsowouldmakethepassengerspaymore.Averageairtemperaturesaroundtheworldarerisingbecausepeoplearepollutingtheairwithincreasingamountsofgreenhousegases,which,suchascarbondioxide,areabyproduct(副产品）ofburningfuels.Thosew

16、armertemperaturescaninfluenceanairplanesabilitytoflybecauseairmolecules（分子）spreadoutmoreastheairwarms.Thisproduceslessliftunderaplaneswings,soaplanemustbelightertotakeoffinhotweatherthanoncoolerdays.Itcanevenprovetoodangerousforsomeplanestoattemptatake-off.ArecordofJuneheatwaveintheAmericanSouthwest

17、,forinstance,causedflightcancellationsinPhoenix,Ariz.Oneairlinesplaneswereclearedtooperateonlyupto47.8Celsius.OnJune20,Phoenixreached48.3C!RadleyHortonisaclimatescientistatColumbiaUniversity.Twoyearsago,heandhisgraduatestudentEthanDavidCoffelstudiedtheimpact(影响)ofwarmingatfourU.S.airportsandfoundtha

18、twarmingoftrackscouldtriple(使成为三倍）thenumberofdayswhenplanesfaceweightrestrictions.Later,theyexploredtheimpactofrisingtemperaturesonlivetypesofcommercialplanesflyingoutof19oftheworldsbusiestairports.Inthecomingdecades,asmanyasonetothreeoutofevery10flightsthattakeoffduringthehottesttimeofdaycouldfacew

19、eightrestrictions.Thatwouldbeequaltotakingadozenpeopleofftheplane,theresearcherscalculated.1.Howwouldglobalwarmingaffectairtravelaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Itlladdtothedangerofflying.B.Itllincreasepassengerstravelcost.C.Itllmakeflyingmuchmorecomfortable.D.Itllencouragemorepeopletotravelbyplane.2

20、.Whatisthesecondparagraphactuallyintendedtoexplain?A.Howglobalwarmingishappening.B.Whatdecidesaplanesabilitytofly.C.Whyglobalwarmingaffectsflying.D.Wheregreenhousegasesarecreated.3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Reasonsforflightcancellation.B.Thefindingsofawarming-relatedstudy.C.Thetendencyofte

21、mperaturechange.D.Effectsofhotaironfinancialgrowth.4.Whatshouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AirTravelIsntRecommendedDuringHotWeatherB.RisingTemperaturesMayReducetheNumberofFlightsC.WeightRestrictionsAreMoreCommoninMoreAirportsD.HotterAirMayLeadtoPlanesCarryingFewerPassengersPassage4体裁:议论文话题:自然主题:进化词数:

22、418建议用时：7分钟【2022江苏省五校高三上学期第一次学情监测】Aftermypubliclecturesonevolution,someoneintheaudienceasks,Arewestillevolving?Peoplewanttoknowifhumansaregettingtaller,smarter,better-lookingormoreathletic.Myansweristruthfulbutdisappointing:Werealmostcertainlyevolving,butwedontknowinwhatdirectionorhowfast.Weveseenso

23、meevolutioninourspeciesoverthepastfewmillennia(千年）,butitwasdetectedbyreconstructinghistoryfromDNAsequences.Forexample,weknowthatduringthepast10,000years,severalpopulationsofhumansthosekeepingsheep,cowsorgoats.formilkgainedtheabilitytodigestdairyproducts.Thistraitwasuselessinourearlierancestorswho,af

24、terbabyhood,neverencounteredmilk.Andinthepast3,000years,Tibetanshaveacquiredgeneticadaptationsthatallowedthemtodevelopwellintheirhigh-altitude,low-oxygenhome.Butthesewell-documentedchangesarelimitedtoparticularpopulations,sotheevidenceforrecentevolutionofourentirespecies,remainsnotmuch.TheauthorsofE

25、volvingOurselvesdisagree.Notonly,theyclaim,areweevolvingfasterthanever,butweredoingittoourselves.JuanEnriquezandSteveGullansarguethathumanshavecontrolledevolutionnotjustinourownspeciesbutvirtuallyinallspecies:Forbetterorworse,weareincreasinglyincharge.Wearetheprimarydriversofchange.Wewilldirectlyand

26、indirectlydeterminewhatlives,whatdies,where,andwhen.Weareinadifferentphaseofevolution:Thefutureoflifeisnowinourhands.Accordingtotheauthors,wevereplacednaturalselectionwithwhattheycallunnaturalselection.Overfishing,forexample,hasreducedtheaveragesizeofmanyfishspecies,fortakingthebiggestfishselectedin

27、favorofthosethatreproducewhenyoungerandsmaller.Yetwhiletheresnodoubtthatwerechangingtheplanet,theclaimthatwe,recompletelychangingevolutionontheplanetdoesnotfollow.Letstakethosefishthatareevolvingtoreproducewhensmallerandyounger.Thisphenomenonhasbeendocumentedinmanyspeciesthatweeat,butthisisjustaminu

28、sculefraction(极小的一部分）ofthe30,000knownspeciesoffish.Theauthorsspeakwithunwarrantedassuranceabouthowourspeciesisevolvinginresponsetonearlyeverything.Whentheyassert,forexample,ouringestion(摄取）ofdrugsandexposuretochemicalsmeanthatourchildrensbrainsareevolvingfast,theyareoverplayingtheirhandandabusingthe

29、wordevolution.Ourchildrensbrainsmaybechangingfastinresponsetothenewpharmacological(药理学的）environment,butchangealoneisnotevolution.1.ThetwoexamplesinParagraph2aregivento_.A.showinwhatdirectionhumansevolveB.explaintheimportanceofDNAsequencesC.illustratetheevidenceforevolutionofourentirespeciesisinsuffi

30、cientD.demonstratehowslowhumanshaveevolvedoverthepastfewmillennia2.TheauthorsofEvolvingOurselvesclaimthat_.A.humansdominatethefutureofotherlifeB.fishbecomesmallerbecauseofnaturalselectionC.humansaretoblameforchangingtheplanetfortheworseD.theboundarybetweennaturalselectionandunnaturalselectionisunfix

31、ed3.Whatisthemajorquestiondiscussedinthepassage?A.Arehumansstillevolving?B.Isunnaturalselectionpowerful?C.Arehumansthemaindriverofevolution?D.Doesevolutionrequiremanygeneticchanges?参考答案Passage1语法解读本文是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了一种不用传统注射的流感疫苗贴。【段意梳理】第一段:开门见山,给出全文话题种不用传统方式注射的流感预防针。第二段:研究人员已经进行了这种流感疫苗贴的临床试验。第三段:这种流感疫

32、苗贴的原理。第四段:参与试验的志愿者的反应情况。第五段:流感疫苗贴的好处。第六段:专家对这种新型疫苗贴的态度。【长难句解读】Doctorsandpublichealthexpertshavehighhopesthatitwillincreasethenumberofpeoplewhogetimmunized(使免疫)againsttheflu.分析:这是一个复合句.主句是Doctorsandpublichealthexpertshavehighhopes,that引导同位语从句,从句中的it指上文提到的疫苗贴,在该同位语从句中含有一个who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people.译文:医生和公

33、共健康专家有很高的期望,（他们希望）疫苗贴将增加接种流感疫苗的人数.1.C【解析】考查主旨大意.通读文章可知,本文介绍了一种新型的流感疫苗贴,故选C项.2.A【解析】考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”Noneofthestudyvolunteershadserioussideeffects.Thegroupsthatgotpatcheshadmildskinreactions”可知,没有一个志愿者出现严重的副作用,也就是说这种疫苗贴有轻微的副作用。B项错在serious,与第四段第二句中的Thegroupsthatgotpatcheshadmildskinreactions表述不符；由第三段中的T

34、hesetinyneedlesaresosmallthat100ofthem,arrangedmorderonapatch,canfitunderyourthumb(姆指）可知,C项错误;D项无中生有,故排除。3.A【解析】考查细节理解.根据第五段中的patchcostsless可知,A项不是这种疫苗贴的好处。根据第五段中的canbeself-administered可知,B项是好处之一；根据第五段中的doesntrequirerefrigeration可知,C项是好处之一；根据第五段中的iseasiertotransport可知,D项是好处之一。4.B【解祈】考查观点态度.根据最后一段中的M

35、icroneedlepatcheshavethepotentialtobecomeidealcandidatesforvaccinationprograms可知,他们对这种新型的疫苗贴持肯定态度。passage2语法解读作者通过自己的故事向读者讲述机会与变化的关系【高频词汇】financialadj.oforaboutmoney财政的,金融的Heisanadventurerinfinancialfield.他是一个金融领域的投机者。AndIgotthefinancialsupportaftertwoyears.两年后我终于获得了财政支持。【长难句解读】ButIalwaysknewthatbei

36、ngawriterwasneverpossibleformebecauseitwasabetterfinancialdecisiontostayasalawyer.分析:这是一个复合句。其中,that引导宾语从句；beingawriter为动名词短语作主语；because引导原因状语从句；it为形式主语,指代不定式tostayasalawyer0译文：但是我一直知道对我来说当作家永远不可能,因为从金融方面考虑,当一名律师是一个较好的决定。1.C【解析】考查推理判断。由第一段末尾ButIalwaysknewthatbeingawriterwasneverpossibleformebecausei

37、twasabetterfinancialdecisiontostayasalawyer可以推断律师可能比作家赚钱多。2.B【解析】考查段落大意。由第二段的内容可知,第二段主要讲了作者想要成为一名作家的强烈愿望。3.D【解析】考查句意理解.根据否定句中用比较级表示最高级形式及画线部分中的couldnt和happier可知,此处表达了作者高兴的心情。故答案为D。4.B【解析】考查标题判断.通读全文可知,本文主要讲述作者所做的改变,再由最后一段作者的总结Changeisagoodthing;itgivesusanopportunitytotakeachance.Somytwofavoriteword

38、sIlivebyandsoshouldyouarechange,andchance,可知B项最适合。passage3语法解读本文为说明文,研究发现全球气候变暖会对机票价格造成影响,可能会使机票价格变得更贵,进而从另一方面影响人们的生活。【高频词汇】1.annoyvt.makesb.alittleangry使烦恼,使恼怒Trymakinganoteofthethingsthatannoyyou.试着把让你心烦的事记下来。ItannoyedmethatIdidnthavetimetodomoreironing.没有时间熨更多的衣服让我心烦了。2.attemptvt.tomakeaneffortor

39、trytodosth.,especiallysth.difficult试图,尝试Heattemptedtosmotherupthescandalabouthisfamily.他企图掩盖有关他家庭的丑闻。Iwouldbethelasttoattempttoanswerthequestion.我是最不可能去尝试回答这个问题的。【长难句解读】Averageairtemperaturesaroundtheworldarerisingbecausepeoplearepollutingtheairwithincreasingamountsofgreenhousegases,which,suchascarb

40、ondioxide,areabyproduct(副产品）ofburningfuels.分析:这是一个复合句.主句为Averageairtemperaturesaroundtheworldarerising；because引导原因状语从句；which引导非限定性定语从句修饰greenhousegases.译文:全世界的平均气温正在上升因为随着温室气体排放量越来越多,人们污染了大气,这些温室气体,例如二氧化碳,便是燃料燃烧的副产品。1.B【解析】考察细节理解。由第一段中的Thatmightmeanalittlemorespace,whichwouldbegood.However,italsowou

41、ldmakethepassengerspaymore可知B项正确.2.C【解析】考查段落大意.由第二段中的Thosewannertemperaturescaninfluenceanairplanesabilitytoflybecauseairmolecules(分子）spreadoutmoreastheairwarms可知本段主要说明全球变暖是如何影响飞机飞行的。3.B【解析】查段落大意。由最后一段中的studiedtheimpact.andfoundthatwarmingoftrackscouldtriple(使成为三倍）thenumberofdayswhenplanesfaceweightrestrictions.可知本段是关于与全球变暖相关的发现的。4.D【解析】考查标题判断。由第一段内容尤其是Togetoffthegroundinreallyhotweather,planesmaybeforcedtocarryfewerpassengers.Thatmightmeanalittlemorespace,whichwouldbegood.However,italsowouldmakethepassengerspaymore可知答案为D。passage4语法解读作者通过一些例子说明我们仍在进化,但是不知道进化的方向和速度。【高频词汇】1.acqu