2022年中考英语二轮复习学案原因状从、条件状从、让步状从

1、条件状从、原因状从、让步状从复习知识目标：掌握条件状从、原因状从、让步状从的连词用法；能力目标：能结合时态、语态解决有关考题重难点：条件状从、原因状从、让步状从与时态和语态想结合的运用教学一.课前热身(回顾时间状语从句)(一)单项选择()1.-You have been in Nanjing very long ?-Yeah, my parents came here.A. ForB. AsC. WhenD. Since()2. Many people do not realize the importance of health they have fallen.A. untilB. whi

2、leC. whenD. after()3. Amy was reading a book I came in.A. whenB. whileC. becauseD. though( )4.ril go to visit my aunt in England the summer holidays start.A. whileB. sinceC. untilD. as soon as()5.1 was watching TV my brother was writing an e-mail at home at this lime yesterday.A. as soon as B. after

3、C. untilD. while()6.It ten years since he left the army.A. isB. areC. hasD.was(二)动词填空(not notice) them(discuss) what to do next week when I came into the room.Remember to take some beautiful photos while(remain) in the park.The village(name) after a great man who was born here.Eddie was sleeping whi

4、le Millie (read)a magazine.一Do you know Lucy,s grandma?-Of course. She is a kind woman ,but she has been dead for about a month since she (kill)in the accident.After(survive) the big earthquake, Mr Lin learned more about the meaning of life. 一What do you think of your junior high school life?一I thin

5、k it is enjoyable, I sometimes have some (rouble in study.A.ifD.until. 一Why dont you get used to the life in Beijing?_ the crowded traffic the high living cost., The only reason is the badly polluted air.A.Not only; but also B.Either; or C.Both; andD.Ncithcr; nor.Every day, he gets up early he can c

6、atch the first bus.A.becauseD.so that.1ls a good chance we must not miss it.A.such: /B.such; thatC.so; thatD.so; /. Lots of people exercise every morning bad weather stops them.A.ifB.unless C.untilD.since.Dont run in the classroom,you may hurt yourself.A.andB.orC.butD.sowill call you as soon as he h

7、ere.A.arriveB.will amveC.arrives D.arrived.Can you guess if Mike swimming this afternoon?I think he will go with us if he fine.A.will go; is B.will go; will beC.goes; is D.goes; will be.My mother has taught in th. is school she was twenty years old.A. forB.until C.because D.since. The TV play Journe

8、ytotheWest is interesting I would like to watch it again.A.such; that B.loo; toC.so; that D.very; that. If you able to come, I will show you around my hometown.A.isB.can beC.will beD.arc. 一What if they to the. meeting late?Sorry, I dont know.A.isB.can beC.will beD.arcA.will happen; goB.happened; goC

9、.happens; will goD.will happen; will go.Johnson wont answer (he phone if he the number.A.knewB.doesnt knowC.will knowD.didnt know. Even if you learn something well, you it unless you use it.A.forget B.forgotC.have forgotten D.will forget.Robert was very sad that most of his friends when he at the pa

10、rty.A.left; had arrived B.had left; arrivedC.left; arrived D.had left;had arrivedIf we take environmental problems seriously, the Earth worse and worse.A.do.nt; will beB.wont; isntC.wont; isD.dont; wont be.Mum. when can I watch TV?As soon as your homework .A.finish. B.finishedC.is finishedD.will be

11、finished.Sally took a photo of her friends while they computer games.A.playB.are piayingC.have playedD.we.re playing1-5BABCD 6-10BBBCA 11-15DCDAB 16-20DBACD二.动词填空I .The next day the king(announce) that the brave young man had the chance to be the new king.Many children in Britain(allow) to have thei

12、r own bank cards these days.Can I fined a place to have my new phone(repair)? It doesnt work.The young(not,allow)to smoke in the reading roomLook! The show(stop). Lets go outside to make a snowman.Plcasc stop(talk), guys. I cant hear what the youth worker(explain).(take) your suggestions. I think th

13、ey are important to me.The programme he often watches(cover) different ball games, such as football, basketball and volleyball.He doesnt know what he should pay attention to(reduce) the pollution.Thc police searched the whole tall building but(find) nothing unusual.1 l.How much time do you spend(lis

14、ten) to the English programme.You love peace and dislike(argue) with others if you are a polite person.Where he(see) the film if he(have) time.A lot of children often (force) to do the things they dont like.一 How much difficulty did you have (solve)this problem?一None. Its quite easy. Did Bob succeed

15、 in(pass) the driving test?. All the people in the town are against(build) a factory beside the river. r m really sorry(break) your coffee cup.Thats all right. I know you didnt mean it. My parents (get) old. I will go back home to see them whenever Im free. The art festivalsuccessfully (hold) in our

16、 school last week. During World War II, millions of Germans (lose) (heir lives.There are no ways she can come up with(help)her out.Stop daydreaming! You can only (realize) your drcams through hard work.24.Most of the work(do) and the rest(be) difficult. Lets have a rest.I. announced2.are being allow

17、ed3. repaired4.are not allowed8. covers 9. to reduce8. covers 9. to reduce13. will; see; has8. covers 9. to reduce13. will; see; has5.has slopped6.(alking;is explaining?.will lake8. covers 9. to reduce13. will; see; hasare forcedsolving 16. passing 17. building18.have broken 19.are getting20.was hel

18、d21.lost22.to help23. realize24.is done; is.He(cut) the trees which weren t needed when I came into his garden.The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it(play).Todays young people cant live without smart phones. They keep hands on the phone wherever they go, even while they (have) meals

19、.He breathed deeply before(speak) again1 .didn,t notice; discussing 2.remaining 3.was named 4.was reading 5.was killed 6.surviving7.was cutting 8.is played 9.are having二.知识点讲解一、原因状语从句原因状语从句表示原因,引导原因状语从句的附属连词主要的有because, as, since, for, seeing (that), now (that), considering (ihal), in that 等。以下逐一介绍常

20、见的原因状语从句的引导词：(一)because： conj“因为”，引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后，because表示直接原因，语气最强。l.because的用法) why提问的句子，必须用because回答。-Why didnt he come yesterday? -Because he was ill.) because不能与so连用。We stayed at home.because it was raining. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.因为下雨，所以我们呆在家里。3) because+从句；because of+名词短语(一

21、般二者可以互换)，because of后加的原因可以为好或坏He cant come because he is ill. / He cant come because of his illness.他因病不能来。said nothing about it because his wife was there. /1 said nothing about it because of his wifes being there.因为他妻子在 那儿，我对此事只字未提。4)在强调句型中，只能用becauseIt was because I missed the early bus that I wa

22、s late for school.我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。.时态because是引导原因状语从句的连词，通常原因与结果之间在时间上没有必然联系,要看具体情况而非千篇一律用某种 时态的Because I stayed up last nigh(,I feel so tired no.因为我昨天晚上熬夜了 J见在感觉好困。(强调过去的原因对现在的影响)She came to the classroom because she had left book here.(突出强调原因对结果造成的影响，所以从句用了过去完成时)He was late for school because he

23、 missed the early bus.(只是相比之下，这种原因造成的结果较弱而已.)(二)since： conj (因为，既然，鉴于引导的原因状语从句从句一般放于主句之前 皿以引导的原因状语从句表示的、显然的理由，或是句中不是很重要的局部，是附带的原因，因此引导 的从句不是信息的焦点，不能回答why的提问，也不能用在强调句型中作为被强调的内容。语气比because弱。Since you are free today, you had belter help me with my housework.既然今天你休息， 你最好帮我干家务活。.时态since引导原因状语从句时，主从句时态根据需

24、要选择，没有特殊规定，因为只起原因作用的从句，是不会影响到主句时 态变化的Since this method doesnt work, lets try another既然这种方法不行，我们就试用另一，种吧He didnt come since he was busy.他因为忙，所以没有来。【注意】seeing ihal, nowihai, considering ihat, in that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近，都表示 “既然”。Seeing (that) he refused to help us, theres no reason that we should

25、now help him.他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们，我们现在 没有理由要来帮助他。Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.既然你长大 /，就不应该依靠你的父母 了。Considering (that) everybody is here, lets begin our discussion.既然大家都到 了,我们就开始讨论吧。In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it.因为有病，他觉得做不 了 那件事。(三)as： “既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句，位置较为灵活(

26、常放于主句之前)。它表示的“原因”是双方的事实或显而易见的原因，或者理由不是很重要，含义与since相同，但语气更弱，没 有since正式，常译为“由于，鉴于“。从句说明原因，主句说明结果，主从并重。As it is raining, youd better take a taxi.既然在下雨，你最好乘出租汽车。As you are tired, you had better rest.既然累了，你最好休息一下。I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.我睡得早，因为我筋疲力尽了。.时态as引导原因状语从句时，主从句时态根据需要选择，没有特殊规定，因为只起

27、原因作用的从句，是不会影响到主句时态 变化的I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.我睡得早，因为我筋疲力尽了。As it is raining, youd better take a taxi.既然在下雨，你最好乘出租汽车。(四)for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原因 状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。He could not have seen me, for I was not ihere.他不可能见过我，因为我不在那里。He laughed litUe, for h

28、e was a sad man.他很少发笑，因为他是个多愁的人。She was clearly upset, for her eyes were filled with tears.她显然心烦意乱，因为她眼眶里饱含泪水。练习LI dont think you need a guide since each of you has known (know) the place of interest very well.He didnt attend the party last night because he was no【invited (not invite).They were too

29、busy talking (taik)with each other to remember(remember) the time.4.1 think its good for the hospital uniforms to be green because the colour relaxes (relax) the patients.5.How happy the students from different countries were to see (see) each other yesterday!6.1 couldn t get into my house because 1

30、 had left (leave) my key at home when I came out.7.You have to stay at home because it is raining (rain)heavilv outside.8.By the time he arrived at the stop, the 8 oclock bus had left (leave). So he had to wait for the next bus.9.Ils wet in front of the door, since itrained (rain) just now.lO.He fou

31、nd it increasingly(逐渐)difficult to read, for his eyesight()was beginning(begin)to fall.11.1 cant find him because I have forgotten (forget) where he lives.二、条件状语从句条件状语从句在复合句中表示主句动作发生的条件，即某一件事情(从句中的动作)实现之后，其他事情(主句中 的动作)方能发生。引导条件状语从句的连接词有：if.unless,as/so long as等。(一)if： “如果，假如”，表示在某种条件下某事很有可能会发生。条件是可能

32、存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也 可能发生的事情.If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮助,他会帮你的。If you fail the exam* you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。时态(1)假设从句表示将来If it rains tomorrow,Til stay at home.如果明天下雨，我将呆在家里(2)假设从句表达客观真理或普通现象时，主，从句时态均用一般现在时。If you heat ice, it turns to water.(也可用will turn)如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。A fis

33、h dies if you take it out of water.(3)如果主句是祈使句或含情态动词can, may, mightjnust,should等时，从句也用一般现在时。例如：You must see the doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了，你必须去看医生。If you want (o lose weight, you must/should eat less bread.如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。If you hear someone using a word you dont know, be sure to look it up.如果你听到某人

34、用了 一个你不知道的词，一定要 查字典搞明白。【注意】宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的是否”相当于whether,引导宾语从句，时态 需根据语境确定。如果主句用般现在时，从句可以根据具体情况选用时态，如果主句用般过去时，从句必须用 过去式的某种形式。I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是否会卜雨。The old woman asked me if I knew the way to the hospital.老妇人问我是否知道去医院的路。(二)unless：连词，意为“如果不；除非“，相当于ifnot表示在特定条件下，才决

35、定做或不做一件事。多引导一 个否认意义的真实条件句，有时也可引导非真实条件句。She will keep on singing unless she is told to stop.=she will keep on singing if she is not told to stop.她会一直唱下去,除非有人叫她停止时态(l)unless引导的条件状语从句，主句常用一般将来时，从句用般现在时Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨，否那么比赛将照常进行。(2)如果主句是祈使句或含情态动词can, may, migh(,must,should等

36、时，从句也用一般现在时Dont touch the instruments unless the teacher allows you.没有老师的允许，不要乱动仪器。Unless you know a word, you may check the dictionary.如果你不认识哪个词，你可以查词典。【注意】(l)uMess可用作prep,“除之外，除非“，Nothing will come out of it, unless(=except)disaster.此事除了 引起灾祸以外不会有什么结果。(2)unlcss从句中成分的省略unless从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，且unless从

37、句中含有be动词，那么主语和be动词 可省略。Uniess(he is)in uniform, he doesnt look like a policeman.如果不穿上制服，他看起来就不像警察。Dont leave the building ,unless(you are)asked to do so.没有得到要求，不要离开大楼。(三)as/so long as”只要once一旦,就”引导的条件状语从句So long as youre h叩py,I will be happy.只要你高兴，我就高兴。Once you begin,never slop. 一旦开始，就绝不要停止Maths is

38、easy to learn once you understand the rules. 一旦你理解 了 规那么，数学就不难学了。(四)练习.Your English will improve if you practice(read) eveiy day.Mother promises to buy him a new computer (connect) to (he Internet if he successfully takes on the new challenge. If the medicine they re testing(work) well, more lives w

39、ill be saved.don t know if they(show) around the History Museum yesterday.His parents promised that they(take) him to travel to Beijing if he did well in the coming exam.The children will climb the hill if it(not rain) tomorrow.wonder if he(join) us in the discussion tonight.Who do you think (choose

40、) to announce the results of the awards if Andy is absent?.You(not win) the competition unless you practise a lot and try your best in it.Dont do everything for your son. He wont do anything on his own unless he(teach) how.1 l.Bob wont go shopping with his mother unless she(agree) (o buy him a toy c

41、ar.Unless more actions(take), there(be) more pollution.they(have) a match if it(not be) fine tomorrow.An email(write) to his parents if he(get) his report card this week.reading； _connected； works； were shown； would take； doesnt rain： will join； will be chosen； wont win； is taught； agrees； are taken

42、, will be； Wil, have isn t； will be written, gets三、让步状语从句(一)让步状语从句表示即便出现从句中的情况，主句动作任然会发生，有“退一步说.”的意思引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：ihough. although; even if, even though; no ma【ier+疑问词，疑问词-ever。.though, although表示“虽然,纵然，尽管,即使”之意。(1)这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。二者都可与yet, still或never连用，但不能与but连用。Although/Though he wa

43、s worn out, (still) he kept on working.虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。(2)在口语中，though较常使用：although比though正式，语气较重，常用于强调让步概念。He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to.(3)although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。 例如：A

44、lthough I may fail, I will try it.即使我可能会失败,我也要试一下。She passed (he exam (hough she had not studied very hard.她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。Though he did not have much money, he was still happy.虽然他不富有,但他很快乐。(4)though的其他用法作adv.可是，虽然;不过；然而This is to be expected, though.不过这也是在意料之中。The question, though, is where and how

45、?然而问题是在什么地方，如何发生？.even if, even though表示“即使，“纵使”之意，含有一种假设。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用，但意义有细微差异。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性, 而evenihough引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，即说话人肯定了从句的事实。例如：Even if he is poor, he feels happy. (=Hc may be poor, yet he feels happy.)即使他很穷,但他仍感到开心。Even though he is poor, she feels happy. (=He i

46、s poor, yet he feels happy.)尽管他很穷,但她仍感到开心。.“no matter!疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“都；不管都”No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意 的。No matter who you arc, you must keep the law.(=Whocvcr you arc, you must keep the law.不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。【注意】“no matter+疑问词”

47、结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (Whatever引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不会相信 你。Ill eat whatever (/no matter what) you give me. (whatever 引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。Whoeverconies will be welcome. (Whoever引导主语从句)不管谁来都受到欢迎。(Zl)so.that和such.that引导的结果状语从句：结果状语从句用来补充

48、说明主句动作发生所带来的结果。l)sothat“如此以至于so是adv.so+形容词/副词+ that +从句,如：This story is so interesting that 1 want to read it again.这个故事如此有趣以至我想再读一次。He spoke so quickly that I couldnt follow him.他说得如此快以至我不能跟上他。2)such.that.“如此以致，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与sothat意思相同,但用法不同，so后边可加形容词或副词，而such后边要用名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带) such+a(an)+

49、adj. + 单数可数名词+that c lauseHe was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.他非常老实，因而受到了 老师的表扬。(2)such+adj.+当数可数名词/不可数名词+ that.clauseThey are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。【注意】如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、lilUe等表示数量“多多少少”的限定词所修饰的话，那么不 用such而用so。例

50、如：He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。There were so many people in the street watching (he fire that firefighters could not gel close to the building.街上有刃I，么多人观看大火，以致于消防队员无法接近大楼。当lilUe表示“小”的意思修饰可数名词时，其前只能用such,不能用so。I have never seen such little cats before.我以前

51、从没见过这么小的猫。3)so thatso that引导的目的状语从句，表示“以便：为了 “，用以说明主句动作发生的目的，可以与in order that相替换。 在目的状语从旬中，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词，主句与从句之间不用逗号隔开。Wc will come at eight so that the meeting can begin carly.=Wc will come at eight in order that the meeting can begin early.I speak loudl

52、y so that all the students can hear me clearly.He got up very early so that he could catch the train.他起得很早以便能赶上火车。(目的状语从句)so Ihal引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在sohat前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以，以 致”。He worked hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams.他努力学习，结果考试获得了 好成绩。(三)练习.Though theres enough time, I prefer (complete) the task quickly first for my hobbies. The keyboard(connect) to the compu