猪生产和猪群健康管理课件

SwineProductionandHerdHealthManagement

猪生产和猪群健康管理KurtPreugschas张克特MyBackground（我的背景）Grewuponafamilyrun800sownucleusherdwith3hiredemployees生长于一个拥有800头核心母猪群场并雇佣了三个员工的家庭Iwasinvolvedinmanagementandthegeneticselectionprogram负责猪场管理及猪群遗传选育计划3yearsinuniversitytakingBachelorofScienceinAgriculture在农业大学学习三年并获得学士学位2yearsinWesternCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine在沙省西部兽医学院进修了2年Alberta,Canada加拿大,阿尔伯达Bloomsbury,Alberta,Canada加拿大阿尔伯达省布隆斯伯里AlbertaversusHeilongjiang

阿尔伯达与黑龙江对比Alberta阿尔伯达650,000km2650,000平方公里3.5millionpeople350万人口5people/km2每平方公里5个人205,000sows205,000头母猪3.2millionmarkethogsperyear年出栏320万头肥猪Heilongjiang黑龙江460,000km2460,000平方公里37millionpeople3700万人口83people/km2每平方公里83个人1.4millionsows140万头母猪15.8millionmarkethogsperyear年出栏1580万头肥猪PigBreeds 种猪选育

Maternal母本LandraceXYorkshire=F1长白X约克夏=F1代母猪Highfecundityandmotheringability高繁殖力，母性好Terminalsire终端父本Duroc,Pietrain,Hampshire杜洛克，皮特兰，汉普夏DurocXLacombe=Trailblazer杜洛克X拉康姆猪=型杂交猪Growth,carcassandmeatquality成长性，胴体及瘦肉品质AdvantagesofTrailblazerforTerminalSire

新型杂交猪做为终端父本的优势Excellentmeatquality优良的猪肉品质Optimumheterosis完美的杂交优势Easyboarhandling公猪易于管理Increasedsemenproduction精液数量有所增加Paternal

终端父本Duroc

杜洛克 X=MarketHogs

商品猪Maternal

母系Landrace

长白X=F1Y

x

Lgilt

二元杂交后备母猪Yorkshire

大白MostCommonCanadianPigBreeds

加拿大最常用的三品种杂交生产体系GeneticImprovement遗传改良Usehighperformancegenetics

应用高遗传力PigsthathavetheabilitytoperformifmanagedcorrectlyBreedingprogram

育种计划MatingpigswiththedesiredorcomplementarytraitsRateofimprovementdependson改良进度：Selectionintensity(fewerandbetteranimals=moreprogress)Heritabilityoftraits(higher=moreprogress)Generationinterval(fasterturnoverofherd=moreprogress)GeneticImprovement

遗传改良Performancetesting性状检测 –EstimatedBreedingValue(EBV)program

评估预计育种值计划Measureofthegeneticvalueofananimal(itsvalueasaparent)ExcellenttooltoselectgeneticallysuperioranimalsformatingComparesallpigsinCanadaMostimportanttraitsaregrowthrate,backfat,leanmuscle,littersizeManyfactorsinfluenceperformanceofanimalsEnvironment–temperature,space,socialrankPhysical–appetite,condition,weightManagement–diet,water,feedingprogramSireLineIndex–growthrate,feedconversion,leanmuscleDamLineIndex–littersize,growthrate,feedconversionGeneticImprovement

遗传改良SelectionofindividualswithdesiredtraitsSelecttraitsthatareeconomicallyimportant选择拥有所需性状的个体RecordkeepingManydifferentcomputerprogramsEssentialtomaintainidentityofindividualpigsAllowstovisualizeandpredictimprovements记录保存－计算机计划Continuedmonitoringofdata/animalsandimprovements对动物相关数据及性状提高进行持续的监测Pigflow养猪模式Continuousflow全程饲养Differentagesinsamelargeairspace不同阶段的猪只生活在同一区域Increaseriskofdiseasetransmission增加了传播疾病的风险Decreasedabilitytoclean降低了消毒的功效All-in-all-out全进全出Smallairspace小的区域Pigsallofsameageandsize猪只处于相同生长阶段Byroom:multipleroomsin1building猪舍：一个场区有大量相同的猪舍Bybuilding:entirebuilding场区：完整统一Moreefficientmanagement更加有效的管理GestationSowHousing怀孕母猪舍StalledHousing定位栏Easymanagement便于管理Preventsaggression预防猪群间互相攻击Ensuresfeedingconsistency保证采食量的均衡Decreasednormalbehaviour减少了正常的活动Weakermusclesandbones降低了肌肉及骨胳的性能GestationSowHousing怀孕母猪舍CombinationHousing结合式饲养Thefutureofsowhousing母猪饲养的未来Allowsindependentandstress-freeeating达到了独立及自由采食Givesoptiontogetexerciseandsocialize母猪拥有了锻炼及实现其群体性的选择Bestofstallsandgrouphousingsystems最好的栏舍及群养系统Ventilation通风Goodventilationsystemessentialtomaintainhealthandperformanceofpigs为了保持猪群的健康及良好性能，完善的通风系统是必须的。Fans–removemoistureandgasesBestifvariablespeedswiththermostat–canincrease/decreasespeedfordifferenttemperaturesandturnon/offbyitself通风机：除湿及有害气体－速度可调节恒温器是最好的：可以根据温度加大或降低速度Inlets–supplyfreshair入口：提供新鲜空气Controller&sensors–allowstomonitorandadjusteasily控制器&传感器：使监控和调节变的易行Commonlyseedirtypen/pigsifpoorventilation如果通风不好，会经常见到猪舍或猪只肮脏不堪

Nutrition营养Manydifferentrationsforeverylevelofproduction不同的生长阶段，给予不同的营养配给。Extremelyimportanttomaximizeperformance对发挥最好的生产性能是极其重要的。GestationversusLactation怀孕与哺乳的比较NurseryversusGrower保育与育肥的比较HerdHealthManagement猪群健康管理HealthStatus健康状况Healthmonitoringandrecordkeeping健康监控与记录保存Biosecurity生物安全Preventingdiseaseintroductionintoafarmexternalbiosecurity预防疾病传入场内：外部的生物安全Preventingdiseaseintroductionwithinafarmoramongrooms/areas/agesinternalbiosecurity预防疾病在场内或不同猪舍/不同区域/不同阶段猪群之间传播：内部的生物安全Vaccinationprotocols疫苗接种计划CQA加拿大质量保证HealthStatusofHerd猪群的健康状况HighHealthstatus好的健康状况Optimumhealthstatus良好的健康状况Freeofspecificpathogens(bacteria/viruses)可抵抗特定病原体（细菌或病毒）Mostimportantifsellbreedingstock如果出售繁育猪群，这将更加重要。Criticaltomaintainstatuswithbiosecurity对保持猪群健康及生物安全是很关键的ConventionalHealthStatus传统的健康状况Variablepathogenspresent会出现不同的病原体Decreasedproductionefficiency降低了生产效率MonitoringandRecordKeeping监控和记录保存Keepaccuraterecords保证记录准确Assessproductivity生产力评估Determineifdiseaseisaffectingperformance确定疾病是否影响了生产性能Visualinspectionforillnesses疾病的视觉检查Takingbloodsamples抽取血样Veterinarianhealthchecks兽医健康检查Ensureshealthstatusismaintained确保健康状况的持