2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号41

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

AtthecloseoftheKyotoGlobal-WarmingTreatydiscussionsheldinBonnlastweek,exhaustednegotiatorsfromnearlyeverycountryonearthhadreasontobeproud.Theyhaddonewhatnooneexpected—theyreachedabreakthroughagreementtolimitgreenhousegases.Duringtheconcludingremarks,aseachspeakerpraisedthenext,onlythechiefUSofficialonthescenedrewanundiplomaticresponse.WhenPaulaDobrianskytoldthegatheringthattheBushAdministration“willnotabdicateourresponsibility”toaddressglobalwarming,thehallfilledwithboos.That’sbecausetheUS,theworld’slargestproduceofgreenhousegases,satonthesidelinesinBonn.

GeorgeW.Bushhasyettodecidewhat,ifanything,hewilldotocombatglobalwarming.ButhebelievestheKyototreatyisfatallyflawedbecauseitdoesn’trequiredevelopingcountriestolimittheirfossil-fueluseimmediately,asitdoesindustrializedcountries.SohekepttheU.S.outofthediscussions.Indoingso,theAdministrationmayhavelostitslastopportunitytohelpshapetheinternationalresponsetotheproblem.AndBushmaybeindangeroflosingcontroloverclimateactiondomestically.Aftermonthsofinternaldebate,theAdministrationisstill“consulting”ontheissue.

ThatnoiseyouhearisCongressrushingtofilltheleadershipvacuum.Atleastsixclimateplanshavebeenproposedsofar.ThefirstissponsoredbyformerRepublican,nowIndependentStatorJimJeffords,chairmanoftheSenateEnvironmentCommittee,whoproposestocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsfrompowerplants.Congressionalactionthisweekwillcenteronreducingemissionsbyraisingvehiclefuel-efficiencystandards,includingthoseforSUVs.IfSUVshadtomeetthesamestandardsascars—somethingMassachusettsRepresentativeEdMarkeywillproposethisweek—theycouldsaveconsumersanestimated$7billionatthepumpthisyearandcutgasolinedemandbytensofbillionsofgallonsover10years.

The“drillDetroit,nottheArctic”campaignwillfindsomesupportthisweekwhentheNationalAcademyofSciencesreleasesalong-awaitedstudy.Thereport,toneddownaftertheautoindustryprotestedthatraisingfuel-efficiencystandards,bymakingcarslighter,makesvehicleslesssafe,isstilllikelytoconcludethatfuelefficiencycanbeincreasedatleast25percentwithexistingtechnology.

Ifafuel-efficiencybillreacheshisdesk,Bushcouldbeinabind—caughtbetweenautolobbyists(hischiefofstaffusedtobeone)andhisconcernforenergysecurity.Withnewtechnologyputtingimpressivefuelefficiencywithinreach,itwillbehardforhimtoopposemeasuresthatcouldreducethenationalappetiteforforeignoilbymillionsofbarrelsayear.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby（）.

2.Thephrase“satonthesidelines”inthelastsentenceofparagraphoneprobablymeans（）.

3.ThereasonthatBushkeptUSoutofthediscussionsisthathebelieves（）.

4.TheNationalAcademyofSciencesfoundinthestudythat（）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

问题1选项

A.explainingaphenomenon

B.makingacomparison

C.justifyingasanassumption

D.posingacontrast

问题2选项

A.nottogetinvolvedinthediscussion

B.nottotakepartintheactivityeventhoughtheyshoulddo

C.nottosittogetherwiththerepresentativesfromothercountries

D.nottopayattentiontotheinternationalaffair

问题3选项

A.theindustrializedcountriesshouldnotshouldertheresponsibilityalone

B.theindustrializedcountriesseemtosharemoreintacklingthisissue

C.developingcountriesfailtomeetthesamerequirement

D.thedevelopingcountriesshouldnotbeincluded

问题4选项

A.theautoindustryshouldnotraisethefuelefficiencystandards

B.thelighterthecaris,thelesssafeitwillbe

C.theexistingtechnologycanincreasethefuelefficiency

D.thelightercarisnotsafeenough

问题5选项

A.newtechnologycanhelpBushoutoftrouble

B.Bushintendstostirthenationalappetiteforforeignoil

C.Bushfailstodealwiththesubtlesituation

D.autolobbyistshavedifferentideasfromBush

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Duringtheconcludingremarks,aseachspeakerpraisedthenext,onlythechiefUSofficialonthescenedrewanundiplomaticresponse.”中文翻译为：在致闭幕词的时候，当与会的每一位发言人都对此表示称赞时，唯独美国官方代表做出了毫无外交策略的回应。可以得知D选项“提出对比”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】词汇题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“WhenPaulaDobrianskytoldthegatheringthattheBushAdministration‘willnotabdicateourresponsibility’toaddressglobalwarming,thehallfilledwithboos.”中文翻译为：当葆拉•多布林斯基向大会宣布布什政府‘不会放弃自己的责任’去处理全球变暖这一问题时，全场报以唏嘘声，可以推测出词组“sitonthesidelines”可译为“冷眼旁观”。因此可知B选项“尽管应该参加，但是他们却没有参加这个活动”为正确答案。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段“ButhebelievestheKyototreatyisfatallyflawedbecauseitdoesn’trequiredevelopingcountriestolimittheirfossil-fueluseimmediately,asitdoesindustrializedcountries.SohekepttheU.S.outofthediscussions.”中文翻译为：但是，他认为京都协定有致命的缺陷，因为它没有要求发展中国家如同发达国家那样，去立刻限制矿物燃料的使用。因此，他让美国没有参与讨论。可以得知A选项“发达国家不应该独自承担这种责任”符合题意。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中“Thereport...isstilllikelytoconcludethatfuelefficiencycanbeincreasedatleast25percentwithexistingtechnology…”中文翻译为：这项报告……仍可能得出这样的结论，即燃油效率凭借现存的科技至少可以被提高25%。故选C“现存的科技可以提高燃油效率”。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章尾段“Withnewtechnologyputtingimpressivefuelefficiencywithinreach,itwillbehardforhimtoopposemeasuresthatcouldreducethenationalappetiteforforeignoilbymillionsofbarrelsayear.”中文翻译为：随着新科技能带来非常不错的燃油效率，反对能减少国人每年对数百万桶国外石油兴趣的措施对他将是困难的，判断出答案为B项“布什打算激起国人对国外石油的兴趣”。

2.单选题

Mostreligiousorganizationsdependonthe（）actionsoftheirmembersforfinancialandmaterialaid.

问题1选项

A.elemosynary

B.ellemosynary

C.elemosinary

D.eleemosynary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。D选项eleemosynary“施舍的；慈善的；接受接济的”。A，B和C这三项在英语中不存在。句意为：大多数宗教组织依赖它们成员的慈善行为来获取资金和物资支持。根据句意可知D选项正确。

3.单选题

（1）weallhaveguiltypleasures,ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsensethatwewouldbebetteroff（2）ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries,andsavingmoneyover（3）spendingit.Butwouldwebehappier?

Ourresearchshowsthatforgoingindulgencestodaycan（4）strongregretslater,andthatnear-termregretsaboutself-indulgencedramatically（5）withtime.Theseresponsesaresostrongthatwewereabletoinfluencepeople’sbuyingbehaviorsimplybyaskingthemto（6）theirlong-termregrets.

Oneofourstudies—publishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch—（7）theregretsfeltbycollegestudents（8）theirconductonrecentwinterbreaksandbyalumnirememberingwinterbreaksof40yearsago.Regretabout（9）ortraveledmoreduringbreaksincreasedwithtime,whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime.Wesawa（10）patterninastudyof（11）businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.Overtime,thosewhohadindulgedfelt（12）guiltyabouttheirchoices,whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowingsenseofhaving（13）onthepleasuresoflife.

Peoplewhoundulyresistself-indulgence（14）fromanexcessivefarsightedness,orhyperopia—thereverseoftypicalself-controlproblem.（15）yieldingtotemptation,theyfocuson（16）necessitiesandactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral.（17）,theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy.Theirhyperopiacaninhibitconsumptioninwaysthatarebothbadfortheirownwell-beingandformarketers’bottomlines.Wedon’tadvocate（18）tomotivateconsumptiontomakeill-consideredpurchases,ofcourse,butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoicesthatthey’ll—（19）overthelongterm.

Inanotherstudy,forthcomingintheJournalofMarketingResearch,fifty-sevenconsumerswereasked（20）ofashoppingmalltriptoconsidertwo（21）:buyinganexpensiveitemofclothingthatwouldmakethemhappy,orbuyingacheaperalternativethatwould（22）themtospendthesavedmoneyonmorepracticalthings.Halfwerethenaskedtopredictwhichofthetwochoiceswould（23）themthegreatestregretthenextday,whiletheotherhalfwereaskedtoconsidertheregrettheymightfeelovereachpurchaseseveralyearslater.

Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase.Aswe（24）,thosewhoanticipatedregretthenextday（25）tobuymorepracticalgoods;thosewhohadconsideredregretinthemoredistantfutureboughtmoreindulgentproducts.Inotherwords,thinkingaboutshort-termregretdrivesconsumerstobevirtuous,（26）thinkingaboutlong-termregretleadsthemtobeextravagant.

Ourfindingssuggestthatmarketersofluxuryproductsandleisureservicescould（27）frompromptingconsumerstopredicttheirfeelingsinthefutureiftheyforgotheindulgentchoice.Forinstance,atravelcompanymightaskcustomerstoconsiderhowthey’llfeelabouthaving（28）afamilyvacationpackageoncethenestisempty.

Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.InthewordsofthelateMassachusettssenatorPaulTsongas,“Nobodyonhisdeathbed（29）said,‘IwishI（30）moretimeattheoffice.’”

问题1选项

A.Though

B.When

C.Unless

D.That

问题2选项

A.inthelongrun

B.inthemeantime

C.intheend

D.intime

问题3选项

A.deliberately

B.impulsively

C.consciously

D.compulsively

问题4选项

A.grow

B.increase

C.feed

D.arouse

问题5选项

A.decrease

B.vanish

C.shrink

D.fade

问题6选项

A.anticipate

B.realize

C.abandon

D.recall

问题7选项

A.investigated

B.explored

C.examined

D.involved

问题8选项

A.on

B.above

C.over

D.with

问题9选项

A.havingspent

B.nottospend

C.notspending

D.nothavingspent

问题10选项

A.similar

B.different

C.alike

D.related

问题11选项

A.how

B.what

C.where

D.why

问题12选项

A.moreandmore

B.thesame

C.lessandless

D.no

问题13选项

A.turnedout

B.missedout

C.madeout

D.figuredout

问题14选项

A.meet

B.undergo

C.endure

D.suffer

问题15选项

A.Ratherthan

B.Morethan

C.Lessthan

D.Otherthan

问题16选项

A.requiring

B.inquiring

C.acquiring

D.enquiring

问题17选项

A.Infact

B.Sofar

C.Asaresult

D.Atpresent

问题18选项

A.beingtried

B.try

C.totry

D.trying

问题19选项

A.regret

B.appreciate

C.decline

D.value5

问题20选项

A.inpublic

B.inadvance

C.ingeneral

D.indetail

问题21选项

A.chances

B.opportunities

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

问题22选项

A.allow

B.lead

C.make

D.demand

问题23选项

A.attract

B.cause

C.render

D.create

问题24选项

A.expected

B.knew

C.saw

D.told

问题25选项

A.inclined

B.liked

C.tended

D.leaned

问题26选项

A.unless

B.although

C.when

D.whereas

问题27选项

A.originate

B.derive

C.benefit

D.result

问题28选项

A.passedup

B.turnedup

C.madeup

D.takenup

问题29选项

A.even

B.never

C.still

D.ever

问题30选项

A.spend

B.hadspent

C.spent

D.wouldspend

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:A

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:D

第15题:A

第16题:C

第17题:C

第18题:D

第19题:B

第20题:B

第21题:D

第22题:A

第23题:B

第24题:A

第25题:C

第26题:D

第27题:C

第28题:A

第29题:D

第30题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。选项后“weallhaveguiltypleasures”，中文翻译为：我们都有罪恶的快乐。下文又说“ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsense…”，中文翻译为：我们日常的决定通常是由一种根深蒂固的感觉所支配的……可知选项处应表示转折，故A项最符合。

2.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文出现的“near-termregrets近期遗憾”“long-termregrets长期遗憾”以及“overthelongterm长期来看”可知A选项“从长远看”正确。

3.【试题解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项deliberately“故意地；谨慎地”；B选项impulsively“冲动地；有推动力地”；C选项consciously“自觉地；有意识地”；D选项compulsively“强制地，强迫地”。联系上文“ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries”中文翻译为：如果我们重视工作而不是休闲、选择必需品而不是奢侈品，推断出空格处选B。

4.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项grow“使生长；种植；扩展”；B选项increase“增加”；C选项feed“喂养”；D选项arouse“引起”。根据语境和句意，后面搭配strongregrets，译为“强烈的遗憾”可知D选项正确。

5.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合后文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime”，中文大意为：面对于没有在休息时间工作、学习或存钱的遗憾则随着时间的推移而减少。因此判断出空格处表示减少的意思，A选项正确。

6.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项anticipate“预料，期望”；B选项realize“实现；认识到；了解”；C选项abandon“遗弃；放弃”；D选项recall“召回；回想起，记起；取消”。联系下文“anticipatedregret”意为：预料遗憾，可知A选项正确。

7.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项investigate“调查；研究”；B选项explore“探索；探测；探险”；C选项examine“检查；审查”；D选项involve“包含；牵涉；使陷于”。由前文“ourstudies”，中文翻译为：我们的研究，可知A选项正确。

8.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。regretoversth.“对……感到遗憾（或后悔）”，故C选项正确。

9.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoney可知D选项正确。

10.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项similar“类似的”；B选项different“不同的；个别的，与众不同的”；C选项alike“相似的；相同的”；D选项related“有关系的”。结合下文betweenworkandpleasure“在工作和娱乐之间”可知该空格处应表示类似的模式。因此可知A选项正确。

11.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文“businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.”中文翻译为：商人看待在工作和娱乐之间过去的选择。判断出正确答案为A“如何”。

12.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。对应下文“whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowing”中文翻译为：然而，过去尽职的那些人经历日益增强的……判断出最符合语境句意的选项为C“越来越少的”。

13.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。missouton“错过机会”，故选B。

14.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文“anexcessivefarsightedness”中文翻译为：一种过度的远见，可知此处对应D项“遭受”。

15.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。联系下文“theyfocuson...andactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral”中文翻译为：他们专注于……做事负责且他们将放纵看成是浪费的、不负责的甚至不道德的。结合“yieldingtotemptation”“屈服于诱惑”判断应选A“而不是”。

16.【试题解析】考查词义。A选项require“需要；要求”；B选项inquire“询问；查究；问明”；C选项acquire“获得；学到；捕获”；D选项enquire“询问；调查；问候”。结合下文necessities“必需品”，可知最佳答案为C。

17.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文“theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy”中文翻译为：这些消费者恰恰避开他们极其喜爱的这些产品和经历，可以判断出选项处应表示“结果”。答案为C。

18.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。advocatedoingsth.“提倡做某事”，并且此处为主动语态。答案为D。

19.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项regret“后悔；惋惜；哀悼”；B选项appreciate“感激；领会”；C选项decline“谢绝；婉拒”；D选项value“评价；重视”。由上文butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoices“但是市场营销者能帮助消费者做出适当放纵的选择”和下文overthelongterm“从长期来看”可以推测出答案为B。

20.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项inpublic“公开地，当众”；B选项inadvance“预先，提前”；C选项ingeneral“总之”；D选项indetail“详细地”。结合下文Aftertheshoppingtrip“在购物之旅后”可以判断出最符合的答案是选项B。

21.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项chance“机会，际遇；运气”；B选项opportunity“时机，机会”；C选项capability“才能，能力；性能，容量”；D选项possibility“可能性；可能发生的事物”。联系下文可知正确选项为D。

22.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事”。可知A选项为最佳答案。

23.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项attract“吸引”；B选项cause“引起；使遭受；给……带来”；C选项render“致使；提出”；D选项create“创造，创作”。结合后文“thegreatestregret”中文翻译为：最大的遗憾，可知最佳答案为B。

24.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上文“Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase”中文翻译为：在这个购物之旅后，我们检查了这些消费者实际购买的东西，可以判断选项A“如我们所料”正确。

25.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。tendtodosth.“倾向于做某事”，结合上下文可知答案为C。

26.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项unless“除非，如果不”；B选项although“尽管；虽然”；C选项when“当……时”；D选项whereas“然而”。由上文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked”可知此处应该表示“然而”，故答案为D。

27.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文“Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.”，中文翻译为：消费者也可以从这些提示中受益，可知C为最佳答案。

28.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。联系上文“forgotheindulgentchoice”，中文翻译为：放弃这个放纵的选择，和下文“afamilyvacation”，中文翻译为：一个家庭度假，可知此处应为forgo的近义词，故选A。

29.【试题解析】考查词义。A选项even“甚至，连，即使；更加”；B选项never“从未；决不”；C选项still“仍然；静止地”；D选项ever“永远；曾经；究竟”。联系上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻译为：没有人在弥留之际，判断出D为最佳答案。

30.【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。根据上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻译为：没有人在弥留之际，以及空格前的wish可知此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用would/couldhavedone。可知答案为B。

4.单选题

Agoodrefereehastobe（）__intheoutcomeofafootballgame,orelsehemaytrytomakecallsthatfavoroneteamoveranother.

问题1选项

A.contemporary

B.comely

C.disinterested

D.notorious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项contemporary“当代的；同时代的”；B选项comely“清秀的，标致的”；C选项disinterested“无私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉洁的”；D选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比赛结果上必须是公正的，否则他可能试图去做出有利于一支球队的裁定。结合句意，故C选项正确。

5.单选题

Theyworkedforthecomplete（）ofslaveryforsolongthattheycontributedtheiryouthtothisideal.

问题1选项

A.abortion

B.absorption

C.abolition

D.abomination

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项abortion“流产，堕胎，（计划等）失败”；B选项absorption“吸收；全神贯注，专心致志”；C选项abolition“废除；废止”；D选项abomination“厌恶；憎恨；令人厌恶的事物”。句意：他们为彻底废除奴隶制度工作了如此长的时间，以至于将自己的青春奉献给了这个理想。结合句意，C选项正确。

6.单选题

Shewasextremely（）,alwaysreadytoagreewithotherpeople’swishes.

问题1选项

A.mellow

B.supple

C.adaptable

D.obstinate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项mellow“圆润的，柔和的；成熟的；芳醇的”；B选项supple“柔软的；灵活的；顺从的；易弯曲的；逢迎的”；C选项adaptable“适合的；能适应的；可修改的”；D选项obstinate“顽固的；倔强的；难以控制的”。句意：她是非常能适应的，总是准备着去赞同别人的愿望。结合此处句意，C选项正确。

7.单选题

Rockswhichhavesolidifieddirectlyfrommoltenmaterialsarecalledigneousrocks.Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.Igneousrockscomposethegreaterpartoftheearth’scrust,buttheyaregenerallycoveredatthesurfacebyarelativelythinlayerofsedimentaryormetamorphicrocks.Igneousrocksaredistinguishedbythefollowingcharacteristics:(1)theycontainnofossils;(2)theyhavenoregulararrangementoflayersand(3)theyarenearlyalwaysmadeupofcrystals.

Sedimentaryrocksarecomposedlargelyofminutefragmentsderivedfromthedisintegrationofexistingrocksandinsomeinstancesfromtheremainsofanimals.Assedimentsaretransported,individualfragmentsareassortedaccordingtosize.Distinctlayersofsuchsedimentsasgravel,sand,andclaybuildup,astheyaredepositedbywaterandoccasionallywind.Thesesedimentsvaryinsizewiththematerialandthepoweroftheerodingagent.Sedimentarymaterialsarelaiddowninlayerscalledstrata.

Whensedimentshardenintosedimentaryrocks,thenamesappliedtothemchangetoindicatethechangeinphysicalstate.Thus,smallstonesandgravelcementedtogetherareknownasconglomerates;cementedsandbecomessandstone;andhardenedclaybecomesshale.Inadditiontothese,othersedimentaryrockssuchaslimestonefrequentlyresultfromthedepositionofdissolvedmaterial.Theingredientpartsarenormallyprecipitatedbyorganicsubstances,suchasshellsofclamsorhardskeletonsofothermarinelife.

Bothigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybechangedbypressure,heat,solution,orcementingaction.Whenindividualgrainsfromexistingrockstendtodeformandinterlock,theyarecalledmetamorphicrocks.Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.Limestone,asedimentaryrock,whensubjectedtoheatandpressuremaybecomemarble,ametamorphicrock.Shaleunderpressurebecomesslate.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingaresedimentaryrocksEXCEPT（）.

3.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

4.Therelationshipbetweenigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybestbecomparedtotherelationshipbetween（）.

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassagecanbebestdescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.explainthefactorsthatmaycauserockstochangeinform

B.showhowthescientificnamesofrocksreflecttherock’scomposition

C.defineanddescribeseveraldiversekindsofrocks

D.differentiatebetweendifferentkindsofigneousrocks

问题2选项

A.shale

B.schist

C.sand

D.gravel

问题3选项

A.newspaperfeatureexplaininghowoilisfound

B.pamphletpromotingconservationofnaturalresources

C.teachingmanualaccompanyinganearthsciencetext

D.nonfictionbookexplainingwheretofindfossils

问题4选项

A.waterandland

B.sandandclay

C.nucleusandcellwall

D.leavesandcompost

问题5选项

A.objective

B.meditative

C.concerned

D.ironic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章描述了igneousrocks火成岩、sedimentaryrocks沉积岩及metamorphicrocks变质岩这三种岩石。因此判断C项“定义和描述了几种不同种类的岩石”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段“Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.”，中文大意为：例如，属于火成岩的花岗岩，可能变形成片麻岩或结晶片岩。B选项“片岩”正确，符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章描述了igneousrocks火成岩、sedimentaryrocks沉积岩及metamorphicrocks变质岩这三种岩石，判断C选项“附带在地球科学课本上的教学手册”，正确。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词igneousandsedimentaryrocks可以定位到原文第一段“Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.”，中文翻译为：火成岩通常被称为原生岩，因为它们是在沉淀物和变质物体中被发现的原材料。故选D“树叶和（树叶）堆肥”。

5.【试题解析】观点态度题。通读全文，作者的对三种岩石的描述都客观的。因此A选项“客观的”符合题意。

8.翻译题

Stanfordopeneditsdoorsin1891,andmorethanacenturylater,itremainsdedicatedtofindingsolutionstothegreatchallengesofthedayandtopreparingourstudentsforleadershipintoday’scomplexworld.

Stanfordstudentsstandoutfortheiracademicexcellence.TheycomefromthroughouttheUnitedStatesandtheworld,representingdemographic,economicandculturaldiversity.Studentsareadmittedonaneed-blindbasis,andtheuniversityensuresthatnoadmittedstudentisunabletoattend.Oncehere,studentsdiscoverthatexploration,challengeandcuriosityarelimitedonlybytheirdesires.

Stanfordisunusualamonggreatuniversitiesinhavingsevenschoolsononecampus:HumanitiesandSciences,Law,Medicine,Business,EarthSciences,EngineeringandEducation.Thisbreadthprovidesstudentswithunparalleledfreedomtocrossdepartmentalboundariesanddiscoverintellectualandpersonalpassions.Creativethinking,problem-solving,andresearcharecentraltotheacademicprogramsatStanfordandlearningtakesplaceinanenvironmentofintimatecollaboration.

FromNobelPrizewinnerstoundergraduates,allmembersofStanfordareengagedincreatingnewknowledge,whetherinsciences,business,artsorwherevertheirinterestslie.Stanfordisparticularlynotedforitsopennesstomultidisciplinaryresearchnotonlywithinitsschoolsanddepartments,butalsoinitslaboratories,institutes,librariesandresearchcenters.

LivingandlearningareintimatelyintertwinedatStanford.Extra-curricularprograms,organizations,performances,forumsandathleticsbeckonstudents,facultyandstaff,aswellasneighborsfromthecommunitiesaroundus.

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChineseandwritetheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.

【答案】【参考译文】斯坦福大学成立于1891年，在之后的一个多世纪，一直致力于寻求应对如今巨大挑战的方法并且为学生在当今复杂世界中成为领导阶层而做准备。

斯坦福大学的学生因其优异的学业而引人注目。他们来自于美国及世界各地，体现着人口、经济和文化的多样性。该校招生不考虑学生支付能力，并确保所有被录取学生都能上学。只要进入这里，学生们发现探索、挑战和好奇的唯一制约因素就是自身的渴望。

和其他著名大学的不同在于，斯坦福大学一个校区有七所学院：人文科学院、法律学院、医学院、商学院、地球科学院、工程学院和教育学研究院。这使得学生可以自由跨越不同的学院界限，发掘个人的求知欲。在斯坦福大学的课程体系中，创造性思维、问题解决和研究能力是非常重要的，而学习也是在一种密切协作的环境中进行的。

斯坦福大学的所有成员，从诺贝尔奖得主到在校本科生，都致力于创造新知识，不论是在科学、经济还是艺术领域，还是在任何其兴趣所在的领域。斯坦福大学因其公开性的多领域研究而著名。研究既可以在院校范围之内进行，也可以在实验室、研究所、图书馆或者研究中心进行。

在斯坦福大学，生活和学习是互为一体的。课外活动、组织机构、表演、论坛以及体育运动不仅吸引着学生和教职员工，也吸引着附近社区的邻居。

9.填空题

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【试题答案】C

2.【试题答案】D

3.【试题答案】C

4.【试题答案】C

5.【试题答案】D

6.【试题答案】B

7.【试题答案】A

8.【试题答案】A

9.【试题答案】C

10.【试题答案】A

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查词性。C项修饰形容词large，此处increasing应改为副词increasingly，故选C。

2.【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。Sacrifices和involve之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词involved。因此D合题意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【试题解析】考查代词。C项指代前文thepaidmanagers，为负数，因此该用they不是he，故选C。

4.【试题解析】考查谓语动词。在此处that指代的先行词为questions，为复数，遵守主谓一致的原则，应该是have不是has，故选C。

5.【试题解析】考查连词。此处考查whether...or...“是……还是……，或者……或者……”，and错误，应是or，故选D。

6.【试题解析】考查介词。此处句意为：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介词by更合适，故选B。

7.【试题解析】考查冠词。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位语，对其进行解释说明，因此professor前面应有冠词a，故选A。

8.【试题解析】考查谓语动词。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主语的谓语动词形式为woulddo，可以判断出这是对现在时间的虚拟，从句的动词应用examined。故选A。

9.【试题解析】考查副词。Neither才是否定的“也”，故选C。

10.【试题解析】考查语态。根据语境和句意，此处应该用主动语态，去掉been才正确，故选A。

10.单选题

UKandChinahassomethingsimilarintheircompulsoryeducationsystem.Firstly,bothinUKandChina,“mostchildrenreceivefreeeducationalfinancefrompublicfunds,butsmallportionsattendschoolswhollyindependentofpublicfinancialsupport.’’Secondly,bothofthetwocountrieshavelawstoensurecompulsoryeducation.Thirdly,thetwocountrieshavethesamecurriculums.Forexample,accordingtoZhuYongtaoandWangLili,foreignlanguagesaretaughtasanintegralpartofthecurriculum,reflectingtheimportanceofBritish’srelationshipwithEuropeandChina’srelationshipwithEnglishspeakingcountries.Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.Fifthly,therearesomeimportantexamsforstudentsincompulsoryeducationsystemsinChinaandUK.InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.InChina,exceptforanexamforthesixthgradegraduatesinprimaryschool,thereisahighschoolentranceexaminationforJunior3students.

TherearelotsofdifferencesbetweenChinaandUKincompulsoryeducation.Itcanbedividedintofiveparts.

Firstly,theaimofeducati