2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号6

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducatinganddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams―selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool―theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?

2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Kidscountmorethantheircolleges”(Line5，Para.3)?

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend

B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren

C.Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication

D.Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves

问题2选项

A.Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege

B.Theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships

C.Theirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto

D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentsthantheyusedto

问题3选项

A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson’ssuccess

B.Aperson’shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethanhiseducation

C.Kids’actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground

D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements

问题4选项

A.GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybelesscompetitivethangettingintocollege

B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms

C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGRE

D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation

问题5选项

A.theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutions

B.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarket

C.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduation

D.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.”，中文翻译为：但我们却不承认我们的痴迷（对上首选大学）更多是关于我们自己而非他们（指自己的小孩）。可以得知D选项“相比小孩自己，他们更关心自己的小孩去哪所大学上学”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.”，中文翻译为：我们将自己小孩的大学背景当成展示我们怎样很好地养育他们的一种奖赏。以及原文第二段“Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizetogoaround.”，中文翻译为：我们有完全成熟的名誉恐慌，我们担心没有充足的奖赏。可知A选项“他们想增加自己小孩进入著名大学的机会”为正确答案。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻译为：普林斯顿大学的经济学家AlanKrueger对入学一个顶级博士项目的学生的研究发现，美国研究生入学考试的高分数有助于解释谁考上了大学，而名牌大学的学位却没有。可以得知C选项“小孩的实际能力比他们的大学背景更重要”符合题意。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由B项“著名大学的学位不保证学生进入研究生项目”可以定位到文章第三段中“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻译为：普林斯顿大学的经济学家AlanKrueger对入学一个顶级博士项目的学生的研究发现，美国研究生入学考试的高分数有助于解释谁考上了大学，而名牌大学的学位却没有。故选B。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第四段“Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.”，中文翻译为：一个研究发现，在其他事情一样的情况下，精英学校的毕业生经历更多的工作不如意。判断出答案为C项“他们在毕业后经历更多的工作不如意”。

2.单选题

Thecontestantshadtostaywithinthe（）oftheplayingfieldortheywouldbeeliminated.

问题1选项

A.symptomatic

B.corollary

C.pundit

D.parameter

【答案】D

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项symptomatic“有症状的；症候的”；B选项corollary“推论；必然的结果”；C选项pundit“专家；博学者；梵文学者”；D选项parameter“参数；起限定作用的因素；界限”。句意：参赛者必须停留在比赛场地的界限内，否则他们将被淘汰。结合此处语义，D选项正确。

3.单选题

TheheadquartersofthisoilcompanyisinLondonwhileits（）companiesarelocatedindifferentpartsoftheworld.

问题1选项

A.subsidiary

B.ultimate

C.inferior

D.precedented

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项subsidiary“附属的；辅助的”；B选项ultimate“最终的；极限的；根本的”；C选项inferior“差的；自卑的；下等的”；D选项precedented“有先例的”。句意：这家石油公司的总部在伦敦，而它的附属公司却位于世界的不同地方。结合此处语境，A选项正确。

4.单选题

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilityto（）furtherresearch.

问题1选项

A.stimulate

B.originate

C.renovate

D.endorse

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项stimulate“刺激；鼓舞；激发”；B选项originate“引起；创作”；C选项renovate“更新；修复；革新；刷新”；D选项endorse“背书；赞同”。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它激发进一步研究的能力。根据句意，A选项正确。

5.单选题

Thereisa（）differenceinmeaningbetweenthetwowords“surroundings”and“environment”.

问题1选项

A.gentle

B.feeble

C.subtle

D.humble

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项gentle“温和的；文雅的”；B选项feeble“微弱的；虚弱的”；C选项subtle“微妙的；细微的；敏感的；稀薄的”；D选项humble“谦逊的；简陋的；（级别或地位）低下的”。句意：“surroundings”与“environment”这两个单词在意思上存在细微的差异。根据句意，选项C正确。

6.单选题

Inorderto（）theagreementbetweentheemployeeandtheemployer,bothsidesmustsignit.

问题1选项

A.extract

B.endorse

C.notify

D.validate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项extract“提取；取出；摘录；榨取”；B选项endorse“背书；认可；签署；赞同”；C选项notify“通告，通知；公布”；D选项validate“证实，验证；确认；使生效”。句意：为了使雇员和雇主之间的协议生效，双方必须在该协议上签字。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

JustbecauseI’m（）tohim,mybossthinkshecanordermearoundwithoutshowingmeanyrespect.

问题1选项

A.redundant

B.subordinate

C.versatile

D.trivial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项redundant“多余的；被解雇的；冗长的”；B选项subordinate“从属的；次要的”；C选项versatile“多才多艺的；通用的”；D选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的；琐细的”。句意：只是因为我是他的下属，我的老板就认为，他可以在对我没有表示任何尊敬的情况下把我差来差去。根据句意可知B选项正确。

8.单选题

Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresult,officialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout$1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrew,theMidwestfloodof1993,andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.

Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earthquakeinSanFrancisco,California,bankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyears,asspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.Today,estimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach$100billion.

Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiative,whichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurance,setupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprograms,effectivelyimplemented,couldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.

Becausethestakesaresohigh,thescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicymakersalike.Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction—forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertainty,andbecausemuchremainstobelearned,scientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyused,however,disasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters.

1.Theresultoftheincreasingcostsinnaturaldisastersis（）.

2.ThedifferencebetweentheactuallosscausedbyHurricaneAndrewandthelossestimatedbyinsurancecompaniesbeforethehurricaneis（）.

3.Thepurposeofinsurancecompaniestosupportdisasterpredictionresearchisthat（）.

4.Theword“tsunamis”(Line3,Para.4)mostlikelyrefersto（）?

5.Thekeyfactortoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisastersis（）.

问题1选项

A.greatlosssufferedbycommercialcompanies

B.government’sincreasedattentionondisaster

C.individual’sawarenesstonaturaldisasters

D.morefundstosupportthepredictionresearch

问题2选项

A.1billiondollars

B.8billiondollars

C.9billiondollars

D.17billiondollars

问题3选项

A.companieswanttomakemoneyfromtheinsuredplaces

B.companiesmaythushaveabetterideaofthefuturerisks

C.companiescangetmoresympathiesfromthegovernment

D.companiesintendtomakeuseofpeople’strustintheindustry

问题4选项

A.violentstormwithwhirlingwindsinthefunnel-shapedcloud

B.aseriesofhugeanddestructivewaves,usuallycausedbylargeearthquakesbeneaththeocean

C.mountainfromwhichlava,cinders,steam,gasesescapethroughopeningsintheearth’scrust

D.stormwithaviolentwind,esp.acycloneintheWestAtlantic

问题5选项

A.insurancecompaniesshouldbewiseenoughintheirestimatesoflosses

B.thegovernmentshouldbearsomeofthefinancialrisksofdisasterinsurance

C.thegeneralpublicshouldbemadefullyawareofthepossibledamages

D.technologyshouldbeimprovedandthreephasesofpredictionbeconsidered

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词theincreasingcost可以定位到原文首段“Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.”，中文翻译为：这种不断增加的损失已让政府和企业为开发与灾难预测相关的技术提供了更多的资金，且已带来对预测信息有效利用的更多研究。因此D选项“更多资金去支持预测研究”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.”，中文翻译为：例如，在1992年安德鲁飓风发生前，很多保险公司专家认为工业可能的最严重损失将至多80亿美元。而安德鲁飓风所造成的被估计大约为170亿美元的损失却打破了这些看法。可推断出C项“90亿美元”正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.”，中文翻译为：这种期望是，产生的消息将让该行业（即保险业）有更可靠的基础去决策未来灾害的风险。可知答案为B项“公司可能因此对未来风险有更好的了解”。

4.【试题解析】词汇题。根据题干关键词tsunamis可以定位到文章第四段第三句话“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthat…”，中文翻译为：飓风、龙卷风、洪水、地震、海啸和火山都表明了……可以判断出该单词为“海啸”，因此B项“一系列巨大且破坏性的波浪，通常是海底大地震导致的”正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第四段第三句话“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction―forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.”，中文翻译为：飓风、龙卷风、洪水、地震、海啸和火山都表明，有效利用灾害预测不仅需要先进的技术，而且需要社会考虑预测的整个过程——预测、通信和信息的使用。可知答案为D“应该改进技术，考虑预测的三个阶段”。

9.单选题

Bothchildrenseemtobedoingeverythingtheycouldto（）me,whenIwasalreadyinabadmoodbeforegettinghome.

问题1选项

A.agitate

B.aggravate

C.aggregate

D.alleviate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项agitate“摇动；骚动；使激动”；B选项aggravate“加重；使恶化；激怒”；C选项aggregate“集合；聚集；合计”；D选项alleviate“减轻，缓解”。句意：当我在回家之前就已经心情不好的时候，两个孩子似乎在尽他们所能来缓解我的情绪。根据句意可知D选项正确。

10.单选题

Rockswhichhavesolidifieddirectlyfrommoltenmaterialsarecalledigneousrocks.Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.Igneousrockscomposethegreaterpartoftheearth’scrust,buttheyaregenerallycoveredatthesurfacebyarelativelythinlayerofsedimentaryormetamorphicrocks.Igneousrocksaredistinguishedbythefollowingcharacteristics:(1)theycontainnofossils;(2)theyhavenoregulararrangementoflayersand(3)theyarenearlyalwaysmadeupofcrystals.

Sedimentaryrocksarecomposedlargelyofminutefragmentsderivedfromthedisintegrationofexistingrocksandinsomeinstancesfromtheremainsofanimals.Assedimentsaretransported,individualfragmentsareassortedaccordingtosize.Distinctlayersofsuchsedimentsasgravel,sand,andclaybuildup,astheyaredepositedbywaterandoccasionallywind.Thesesedimentsvaryinsizewiththematerialandthepoweroftheerodingagent.Sedimentarymaterialsarelaiddowninlayerscalledstrata.

Whensedimentshardenintosedimentaryrocks,thenamesappliedtothemchangetoindicatethechangeinphysicalstate.Thus,smallstonesandgravelcementedtogetherareknownasconglomerates;cementedsandbecomessandstone;andhardenedclaybecomesshale.Inadditiontothese,othersedimentaryrockssuchaslimestonefrequentlyresultfromthedepositionofdissolvedmaterial.Theingredientpartsarenormallyprecipitatedbyorganicsubstances,suchasshellsofclamsorhardskeletonsofothermarinelife.

Bothigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybechangedbypressure,heat,solution,orcementingaction.Whenindividualgrainsfromexistingrockstendtodeformandinterlock,theyarecalledmetamorphicrocks.Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.Limestone,asedimentaryrock,whensubjectedtoheatandpressuremaybecomemarble,ametamorphicrock.Shaleunderpressurebecomesslate.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingaresedimentaryrocksEXCEPT（）.

3.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

4.Therelationshipbetweenigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybestbecomparedtotherelationshipbetween（）.

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassagecanbebestdescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.explainthefactorsthatmaycauserockstochangeinform

B.showhowthescientificnamesofrocksreflecttherock’scomposition

C.defineanddescribeseveraldiversekindsofrocks

D.differentiatebetweendifferentkindsofigneousrocks

问题2选项

A.shale

B.schist

C.sand

D.gravel

问题3选项

A.newspaperfeatureexplaininghowoilisfound

B.pamphletpromotingconservationofnaturalresources

C.teachingmanualaccompanyinganearthsciencetext

D.nonfictionbookexplainingwheretofindfossils

问题4选项

A.waterandland

B.sandandclay

C.nucleusandcellwall

D.leavesandcompost

问题5选项

A.objective

B.meditative

C.concerned

D.ironic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章描述了igneousrocks火成岩、sedimentaryrocks沉积岩及metamorphicrocks变质岩这三种岩石。因此判断C项“定义和描述了几种不同种类的岩石”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段“Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.”，中文大意为：例如，属于火成岩的花岗岩，可能变形成片麻岩或结晶片岩。B选项“片岩”正确，符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章描述了igneousrocks火成岩、sedimentaryrocks沉积岩及metamorphicrocks变质岩这三种岩石，判断C选项“附带在地球科学课本上的教学手册”，正确。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词igneousandsedimentaryrocks可以定位到原文第一段“Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.”，中文翻译为：火成岩通常被称为原生岩，因为它们是在沉淀物和变质物体中被发现的原材料。故选D“树叶和（树叶）堆肥”。

5.【试题解析】观点态度题。通读全文，作者的对三种岩石的描述都客观的。因此A选项“客观的”符合题意。

11.单选题

Thestreetperformerwassobadwehadto（）him,butdidwehavetothrowtherottentomatoesathishead?

问题1选项

A.jeer

B.dissolve

C.adjourn

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项jeer“嘲笑；戏弄”；B选项dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C选项adjourn“推迟；使……中止”；D选项guarantee“保证；担保”。句意：街头艺人的表演是如此糟糕，所以我们不得不嘲笑他，但是我们不得不向他的头扔腐烂的西红柿吗？结合句意，A选项正确。

12.单选题

Governmentsallaroundtheworldhaveincreasedtheirfocus（1）meansoffightingterrorismandwaysofpreventingnaturaldisasters,anditisinthiscontext（2）“theInternationalEmergencyManagementConference”hasavitalroleto（3）.Asaninternationalconferencewiththepurposeofbringingtogetheranumberof（4）groups,whoareallinvolvedinemergencymanagement,（5）isessentialtoexchangeinformationifwewanttoimproveourabilityandunderstandingofthisimportantwork.Eventhoughsomecountriesaresmalland（6）isolated,theyare（7）exemptfromterrorismornaturaldisasters.Muchhasbeenachieved,butthereisalwaysmorethatremainsto（8）andaconferencelikethis,（9）knowledgeandinformationisshared,（10）centralinthepursuitforabetterunderstandingofthiswholearea.

问题1选项

A.in

B.at

C.on

D.to

问题2选项

A.that

B.why

C.where

D.when

问题3选项

A.give

B.act

C.make

D.play

问题4选项

A.interest

B.interested

C.interests

D.interesting

问题5选项

A.it

B.which

C.that

D.this

问题6选项

A.geophysically

B.geotropically

C.geometrically

D.geographically

问题7选项

A.anyway

B.bytheway

C.innoway

D.intheway

问题8选项

A.doing

B.bedone

C.bedoing

D.havedone

问题9选项

A.which

B.whom

C.where

D.what20.

问题10选项

A.are

B.is

C.was

D.were

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查习惯搭配。Focuson“专注于”。结合此处语义，C为正确答案。

2.【试题解析】考查语法。由空格所在这句话的结构是完整的判断出此处考查强调句：itis...that...。结合此处语境，A为正确答案。

3.【试题解析】考查固定短语。playavitalrole“起重要作用”。结合此处语境，D为正确答案。

4.【试题解析】考查语法。空格处作定语修饰groups，结合语境，B为正确答案。interested“感兴趣的；有利害关系的”。

5.【试题解析】考查语法。分析句子结构，本句话真正的主语为toexchangeinformation，空格处作形式主语，故选A。

6.【试题解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项geophysically“地球物理学地”；B选项geotropically“屈地性地”；C选项geometrically“几何学上地”；D选项geographically“在地理上；地理学上”。根据句意，D选项正确。

7.【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项anyway“以任何方式”；B选项bytheway“顺便说说，顺便问一下；在途中”；C选项innoway“决不”；D选项intheway“妨碍；挡道”。根据句意，C选项正确。

8.【试题解析】考查语法。综合考虑，空格处和to构成动词不定式表将来，本句为系表结构，主语和表语为被动关系，因此B为正确答案。本句句意为：……但是总是有更多问题有待处理。

9.【试题解析】考查语法。结合句子结构，此处为非限定性定语从句，需要一个关键词引导，作为状语修饰关键词conference，因此C为正确答案。

10.【试题解析】考查主谓一致。主语aconference为单数，句子时态为一般现在时，故B为正确答案。

13.单选题

Amisconceptionfrequentlyheldbynovicewritersisthatsentencestructuremirrorsthought:themoreconvolutedthestructure,themore（）theideas.

问题1选项

A.complicated

B.inconsequential

C.fanciful

D.blatant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词同义辨析。A选项complicated“难懂的，复杂的”；B选项inconsequential“不重要的；不合理的；不合逻辑的”；C选项fanciful“想象的；稀奇的”；D选项blatant“喧嚣的；公然的；炫耀的；俗丽的”。句意：新手作家时常拥有的一个错误想法是句子结构反映想法，即结构越复杂，那么想法也就越复杂。根据句意判断出A选项正确。

14.单选题

Therewasmuch（）amongthecyclistsafterthedifficultride.

问题1选项

A.camaraderie

B.camradene

C.commraderie

D.comraderie

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项camaraderie“友情”；B，C和D这三项在英语中不存在。句意：在这个艰难的骑行后，这些骑车者之间产生了很多友情。结合句意，故A选项正确。

15.单选题

Eighteenisthe（）votingageinourcountry.

问题1选项

A.minimal

B.minimum

C.minute

D.miniature

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项minimal“极小的；极少的”；B选项minimum“最小的；最低的”；C选项minute“微小的，详细的”；D选项miniature“微型的，小规模的”。句意：18岁在我们的国家是最小的投票年龄。结合句意可知B选项正确。

16.单选题

Afteryearsofnegotiation,aninternationalagreementtoconservespecies（）andecosystemshasfinallybeenadopted.

问题1选项

A.ventilated

B.imperiled

C.utilized

D.modulated

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项ventilated“通风的”；B选项imperiled“处于危险中的”；C选项utilized“被……利用的”；D选项modulated“已调的；被调的”。句意：经过多年的谈判，一项保护处于危险中的物种和生态系统的国际协议最终被采用。结合句意，B选项正确。

17.单选题

Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwant―withnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreat,wouldn’tit?

New“fakefat”productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra,sayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefatfromcertainfoods.Critics,however,saythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrientsandcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople.Soit’suptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfat-freeproductstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.

Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafatthancan’tbedigestedatall.

Normally,specialchemicalsintheintestines“grab”moleculesofregularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfattyacids.

ThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemtheessentialvitaminsA,D,EandK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitamins,thevitaminsattachtothemoleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.

Olestra,whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacids,istoolargefortheintestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokendown.Manufacturerssayit’sthatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughtheintestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.ButcriticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsA,D,E,andKfrombeingabsorbed.Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids,compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heartdisease,etc.

ManufacturersareaddingvitaminsA,D,E,andKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnow.Evenso,somenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmanycaloriestheyareconsuming.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethatolestraisasubstancethat（）.

2.Theresultofthesearchforaneasilydigestiblefatturnedouttobe（）.

3.Olestraisdifferentfromordinaryfatsinthat（）.

4.Whatisapossiblenegativeeffectofolestraaccordingtosomecritics?

5.Whyarenutritionistsconcernedaboutaddingvitaminstoolestra?

问题1选项

A.containsplentyofnutrients

B.makesfoodsfat-freewhilekeepingthemdelicious

C.makesfoodseasilydigestible

D.rendersfoodscaloric-freewhileretainingtheirvitamins

问题2选项

A.commerciallyuseless

B.justasanticipated

C.somewhatcontroversial

D.quiteunexpected

问题3选项

A.itpreventsexcessiveintakeofvitamins

B.ithelpsreducetheincidenceofheartdisease

C.itfacilitatestheabsorptionofvitaminsbythebody

D.itpassesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingabsorbed

问题4选项

A.Itmayincreasetheriskofcancer.

B.Itmayimpairthedigestivesystem.

C.Itmayaffecttheoverallfatintake.

D.Itmayspoiltheconsumers’appetite.

问题5选项

A.Itmayleadtotheover-consumptionofvitamins.

B.Thefunctionoftheintestinesmaybeweakened.

C.Peoplemaybeinducedtoeatmorethanisnecessary.

D.Itmaytriggeranewwaveoffakefoodproduction.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词olestra可以定位到文章第六段中“Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokendown.”中文翻译为：它（即奥利斯特拉）滑过肠道而不被分解，以及“Itprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.”中文翻译为：它（即奥利斯特拉）为消费者提供一般脂肪的味道而不对身体产生有害作用。可以得知B项“在让食品可口的同时，不让其含有脂肪”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第三段“Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafatthancan’tbedigestedatall.”中文翻译为：研究者没有发现期望的脂肪，相反他们创造了一种根本不被消化的脂肪。因此可知D选项“很意外的”为正确答案。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词olestra可以定位到文章第六段“Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokendown.”中文翻译为：它（即奥利斯特拉）滑过肠道而不被分解。可以得知D选项“它穿过肠道而不被吸收”符合题意。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词olestra可以定位到文章第六段中“Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids,compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heartdisease,etc.”中文翻译为：它（即奥利斯特拉）也可能阻止类胡萝卜素的吸收，而该化合物可能降低忠癌症、心脏病等的风险。故选A“它可能增加患癌症的风险”。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章尾段“Evenso,somenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmanycaloriestheyareconsuming.”中文翻译为：即使如此，一些营养学家仍然担心