2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)试卷号54_第1页
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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Allthedecoration()fromthebeautyofthebuilding’sshape.

问题1选项

A.damages

B.deteriorates

C.devalues

D.detracts

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项damage“毁坏”;B选项deteriorate“恶化”;C选项devalue“贬值”;D选项detractfrom“诋毁,贬低(某人的声誉、影响等);减损(机器效能等)”。句意:所有的装饰有损于这栋建筑外形的美观。结合此处语境,D选项正确。

2.单选题

Itisfortunatewhenayoungman’scareergoalsandthewishesofhisparentsforhim().

问题1选项

A.coincide

B.supervise

C.collaborate

D.collide

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项coincide“一致,符合;同时发生”;B选项supervise“监督,管理;指导”;C选项collaborate“合作;勾结,通敌”;D选项collide“碰撞;抵触,冲突”。句意:当一个年轻人的职业目标和他父母对他的希望一致时,那是幸运的。结合句意,故A选项正确。

3.单选题

Thejunglefrightenedthetravelersbecauseitseemed().

问题1选项

A.abismal

B.abbysmal

C.abyzmal

D.abysmal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A,B以及C选项不是正确的英文单词;D选项abysmal“深不可测的”。句意:这个丛林使旅行者惊恐万分,因为它似乎是深不可测的。根据句意,D选项正确。

4.单选题

Manynewspaperscommentedonthegovernment’s()measurestobringdownthepriceofwheat,rice,sugar,andotheressentialcommodities.

问题1选项

A.feeble

B.limp

C.fragile

D.disabled

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项feeble“无效的;微弱的;虚弱的”;B选项limp“(性格)软弱的;柔软的,无生气的”;C选项fragile“脆的;易碎的”;D选项disabled“残废的,有缺陷的”。句意:对于政府压低小麦、大米、糖和其他必需品价格的无效措施,很多报纸进行了评论。结合此处语境,可知A选项正确。

5.单选题

Afteranumberofdisagreementswiththecommittee,thehelplesschairman().

问题1选项

A.retired

B.dismissed

C.deserted

D.resigned

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项retire“退休;离开;收回”;B选项dismiss“解散;解雇;不予理会”;C选项desert“遗弃;放弃;逃跑”;D选项resign“辞去职务;放弃;委托;使听从”。句意:在与委员会产生很多分歧后,这位无助的主席辞去了自己的职务。结合此处语义,D选项正确。

6.单选题

Eighteenisthe()votingageinourcountry.

问题1选项

A.minimal

B.minimum

C.minute

D.miniature

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项minimal“极小的;极少的”;B选项minimum“最小的;最低的”;C选项minute“微小的,详细的”;D选项miniature“微型的,小规模的”。句意:18岁在我们的国家是最小的投票年龄。结合句意可知B选项正确。

7.单选题

Therewasmuch()amongthecyclistsafterthedifficultride.

问题1选项

A.camaraderie

B.camradene

C.commraderie

D.comraderie

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项camaraderie“友情”;B,C和D这三项在英语中不存在。句意:在这个艰难的骑行后,这些骑车者之间产生了很多友情。结合句意,故A选项正确。

8.单选题

Itishardtopredictthecompany’sfutureatthis().

问题1选项

A.juncture

B.junction

C.jungle

D.junk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。atthisjuncture“在此时;值此之际”。句意:在此时难以预测这家公司的未来。A选项正确。

9.单选题

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly()sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

问题1选项

A.remarkable

B.controversial

C.inexhaustible

D.deficient

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项remarkable“卓越的;非凡的”;B选项controversial“有争议的”;C选项inexhaustible“用不完的;不知疲倦的”;D选项deficient“有缺陷的;不充分的”。句意:这个地区热带植物的多样性象征着一个看来似乎用不完的原材料资源,而这其中只有一些被利用。结合此处语义,C选项正确。

10.单选题

Thegirlhadan()mannerwhichmadeherverypopularatschool.

问题1选项

A.insoutiant

B.insouciant

C.insousant

D.insuciant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。B选项insouciant“漫不经心的,漠不关心的;无忧无虑的”;A,C和D这三项在英语中不存在。句意:这个女孩有着无忧无虑的举止,这让她在学校很受欢迎。结合句意,B选项正确。

11.单选题

Itisnotadvisableto()inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntoyou.

问题1选项

A.impart

B.ponder

C.meddle

D.abound

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项impart“给予(尤指抽象事物),传授;告知,透露”;B选项ponder“考虑;沉思”;C选项meddle“干预;干涉”;D选项abound“富于;充满”。句意:去干涉与你无关的事情是不明智的。根据句意判断出C选项正确。

12.单选题

Onanaverageofsixtimesaday,adoctorinHollandpractices“active”euthanasia:intentionallyadministeringalethaldrugtoaterminallyillpatientwhohasaskedtoberelievedofsuffering.Twentytimesaday,life-prolongingtreatmentiswithheldorwithdrawnwhenthereisnohopethatitcanaffectanultimatecure.“Active”euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.

Euthanasia,oftencalled“mercykilling”,isacrimeeverywhereinWesternEurope.ButmoreandmoredoctorsandnursesinBritain,Germany,Hollandandelsewherereadilyadmittopracticingit,mostofteninthe“passive”formofwithholdingorwithdrawingtreatment.Thelongsimmeringeuthanasiaissuehaslatelyboiledoverintoasometimesfiercepublicdebate,withbothsidesclaimingthemantleofultimaterighteousness.Thoseopposedtothepracticeseethemselvesup-holdingsacredprinciplesofrespectforlife,whilethoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.Afteryearsonthedefensive,theadvocatesnowseemtobegainingground.RecentpollsinBritainshowthat72percentofBritishsubjectsfavoreuthanasiainsomecircumstances.Anastonishing76percentofrespondentstoapolltakenlatelastyearinFrancesaidtheywouldlikethelawchangedtodecriminalizemercykillings.

Reasonsforthelatestsurgeofinterestineuthanasiaarenothardtofind.Europeans,likeAmericans,arenowlivinglonger.TheaverageEuropeanmalenowlivestotheageof72,womantoalmost8A.sDerekHumphrey,aleadingBritishadvocateof“rationaleuthanasia”,says,“lingeringchronicdiseaseshavereplacedcriticalillnessastheprimarycauseofdeath.”

Andsotheeuthanasistshavebeguntopresstheircasewithgreaterforce.Theyarguethateveryhumanbeingshouldhavetherightto“diewithdignity”,bywhichtheyusuallymeantherighttoescapethehorrorsofapainfulordegradinghospitalization.Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiahavearguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccordedonlytotheterminallyandincurablyill,butthemovementalsoincludesasmallminoritywhobelieveineuthanasiaforanyonewhorationallydecidestotakehisownlife.

Thatrightisunlikelytogetlegalrecognitionanytimeinthenearfuture.EvenintheNetherlands,theproposalsnowbeforeParliamentwouldrestricteuthanasiatoasmallnumberofcasesandwouldsurroundeventhosewithelaboratesafeguards.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Euthanasiais,oftencalled“mercykilling”,whichimpliesthat().

3.“Boiledover”(Line4,Para.2)means().

4.Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiaholdthat().

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiais().

问题1选项

A.“Active”euthanasiaisregardedasacrimebyDutchlaw.

B.Thedoctorwhocarriesouteuthanasiawillbecharged.

C.Anunqualifieddoctorcarryingouteuthanasiawillbeaccused.

D.“Active”euthanasiaexecutiveswillbesentencedto12yearsimprisonment.

问题2选项

A.peopleshouldshowsympathyforaterminallyillpatient

B.somedoctorsmurderpatientsshieldingthemselvesfrommercy

C.humanetreatmenttodyingpatientsshouldberequired

D.thedyingpatientsaresufferingfromthepainandtheydon’twanttoliveon

问题3选项

A.burst(into)

B.makethewaterhotenoughtoboil

C.causegreatanger

D.fightoneanother

问题4选项

A.onlyterminallyillpatientscanhaveeuthanasia

B.ifanyonewhorationallydecidestoendhislife,hecanhaveeuthanasia

C.peopleshouldrespectlife

D.nomatterwhatpunishmenttheyget,theywillcarryouteuthanasiatopatients

问题5选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.objective

D.uncertain

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。A选项“主动的安乐死被荷兰法律认为是一种犯罪”和D选项“主动安乐死的执行者将被判12年的监禁”可以定位到文章首段中“‘Active’euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.”中文翻译为:主动的安乐死在荷兰的法典上仍然是一种需判刑12年的监禁。C选项“实行安乐死的不合格医生将会被控告”可以定位到文章首段“Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.”中文翻译为:但是过去15年的一系列法庭案件却明确表示,实行安乐死的称职医生将不被指控。同时可知B选项“实行安乐死的医生将会被起诉”与文章不符合,故选B。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“mercykilling”可以定位到原文第二段“whilethoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.”中文翻译为:而那些安乐死的支持者却高举人道对待的旗帜。可知C项正确,译为“垂死的病人应该需要人道的对待”。

3.【试题解析】词汇题。A:爆发(成);B:让水热得足以沸腾;C:造成巨大的愤怒;D:相互打架。题干关键词“boilover”意为:爆发。因此A选项正确。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasia可以定位到原文倒数第二段中“Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiahavearguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccordedonlytotheterminallyandincurablyill”,中文翻译为:大多数自愿安乐死的支持者认为,去死的权利应该只给予晚期绝症病人,可以得知A选项“只有晚期绝症病人可以安乐死”正确。

5.【试题解析】观点态度题。A:positive“积极的”;B:negative“消极的”;C:objective“客观的”;D:uncertain“不确定的”。全文作者都是用客观的态度来描述安乐死这个话题,因此可以推测出C选项正确。

13.翻译题

Stanfordopeneditsdoorsin1891,andmorethanacenturylater,itremainsdedicatedtofindingsolutionstothegreatchallengesofthedayandtopreparingourstudentsforleadershipintoday’scomplexworld.

Stanfordstudentsstandoutfortheiracademicexcellence.TheycomefromthroughouttheUnitedStatesandtheworld,representingdemographic,economicandculturaldiversity.Studentsareadmittedonaneed-blindbasis,andtheuniversityensuresthatnoadmittedstudentisunabletoattend.Oncehere,studentsdiscoverthatexploration,challengeandcuriosityarelimitedonlybytheirdesires.

Stanfordisunusualamonggreatuniversitiesinhavingsevenschoolsononecampus:HumanitiesandSciences,Law,Medicine,Business,EarthSciences,EngineeringandEducation.Thisbreadthprovidesstudentswithunparalleledfreedomtocrossdepartmentalboundariesanddiscoverintellectualandpersonalpassions.Creativethinking,problem-solving,andresearcharecentraltotheacademicprogramsatStanfordandlearningtakesplaceinanenvironmentofintimatecollaboration.

FromNobelPrizewinnerstoundergraduates,allmembersofStanfordareengagedincreatingnewknowledge,whetherinsciences,business,artsorwherevertheirinterestslie.Stanfordisparticularlynotedforitsopennesstomultidisciplinaryresearchnotonlywithinitsschoolsanddepartments,butalsoinitslaboratories,institutes,librariesandresearchcenters.

LivingandlearningareintimatelyintertwinedatStanford.Extra-curricularprograms,organizations,performances,forumsandathleticsbeckonstudents,facultyandstaff,aswellasneighborsfromthecommunitiesaroundus.

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChineseandwritetheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.

【答案】【参考译文】斯坦福大学成立于1891年,在之后的一个多世纪,一直致力于寻求应对如今巨大挑战的方法并且为学生在当今复杂世界中成为领导阶层而做准备。

斯坦福大学的学生因其优异的学业而引人注目。他们来自于美国及世界各地,体现着人口、经济和文化的多样性。该校招生不考虑学生支付能力,并确保所有被录取学生都能上学。只要进入这里,学生们发现探索、挑战和好奇的唯一制约因素就是自身的渴望。

和其他著名大学的不同在于,斯坦福大学一个校区有七所学院:人文科学院、法律学院、医学院、商学院、地球科学院、工程学院和教育学研究院。这使得学生可以自由跨越不同的学院界限,发掘个人的求知欲。在斯坦福大学的课程体系中,创造性思维、问题解决和研究能力是非常重要的,而学习也是在一种密切协作的环境中进行的。

斯坦福大学的所有成员,从诺贝尔奖得主到在校本科生,都致力于创造新知识,不论是在科学、经济还是艺术领域,还是在任何其兴趣所在的领域。斯坦福大学因其公开性的多领域研究而著名。研究既可以在院校范围之内进行,也可以在实验室、研究所、图书馆或者研究中心进行。

在斯坦福大学,生活和学习是互为一体的。课外活动、组织机构、表演、论坛以及体育运动不仅吸引着学生和教职员工,也吸引着附近社区的邻居。

14.单选题

Absorbedinherwork,shewastotally()hersurroundings.

问题1选项

A.liablefor

B.obliviousof

C.competitivewith

D.ingeniousat

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组词义辨析。A选项liablefor“对……有责任”;B选项obliviousof“未觉察”;C选项competitivewith“可与……竞争”;D选项ingeniousat“善于”。句意:她沉迷于自己的工作中,完全没有觉察到周围的事物。结合句意,B选项正确。

15.单选题

TheheadquartersofthisoilcompanyisinLondonwhileits()companiesarelocatedindifferentpartsoftheworld.

问题1选项

A.subsidiary

B.ultimate

C.inferior

D.precedented

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项subsidiary“附属的;辅助的”;B选项ultimate“最终的;极限的;根本的”;C选项inferior“差的;自卑的;下等的”;D选项precedented“有先例的”。句意:这家石油公司的总部在伦敦,而它的附属公司却位于世界的不同地方。结合此处语境,A选项正确。

16.单选题

The()airthatlingersaroundthesewerpipesisenoughtomakeanyonegag.

问题1选项

A.raillery

B.noisome

C.supine

D.liturgy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词、名词词义辨析。A选项raillery“逗趣;开玩笑”;B选项noisome“恶臭的;有害的”;C选项supine“仰卧的;懒得动的;向后靠的”;D选项liturgy“礼拜仪式;圣餐仪式;祷告文”。句意:萦绕在污水管周围的恶臭的空气足以使任何人窒息。结合句意,B选项正确。

17.单选题

Thelocalgovernmentreducedthetaxonpetrolasa()tothepublicoutcry.

问题1选项

A.conception

B.consensus

C.contempt

D.concession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项conception“怀孕;概念;设想”;B选项consensus“一致;舆论;合意”;C选项contempt“轻视,蔑视;耻辱”;D选项concession“让步;承认;退位”。句意:当地政府减少汽油税来当作对公众强烈抗议的让步。根据句意可知D选项正确。

18.单选题

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin()tohisincome.

问题1选项

A.proportion

B.proposition

C.proposal

D.proponent

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。inproportionto“与……比较起来”。句意:同他的收入相比较,他在度假和奢侈品上的花费太高了。结合此处语义,A选项正确。

19.翻译题

Ourcountryassumesapracticalandactivepostureinthepursuitofworldpeace.TheUnitedNationshashadnomoreconsistentsupporterthanthiscountryforitscharterandtheworkofitsspecializedagencies.WetakepartinmanyUNactivitiesandhaveservedonmanyofitsbodies,includingtheSecurityCouncil.(1)Amongthespecializedagenciesandsubsidiarybodieswhatwesupportarethoseassistingindevelopment,foodsecurity,children,drugcontrolandhumanrights.Wehaveprovidedfinancialsupport,personnelandequipmentforalmostallmajorUNpeacekeepingactivities,contributedourassessedshareofthecostsofallUNoperationsandmadeadditionalcontributions.OurcountryisfullyinvolvedinUNdisarmament,armscontrolandouterspacework.WeacceptthejurisdictionoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeandareactiveindevelopmentoftheinternationallaw.

OureconomicandpoliticalfutureislinkedcloselywiththoseofitsAsianandotherPacificneighbors.Ourtrade,investmentandtechnologytransfer,intheformofjointventureswithsuchcountries,continuetogrow.(2)Throughregular,reciprocal,high-levelexchangesofvisitsourclosecontactwiththeirgovernmentscontinues,particularlywiththegovernmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.WetaketheviewthatpeaceandprosperityintheAsia-Pacificregiondependsontheabilityoftheregion’scountriestocooperateandmaintaineconomicgrowthandpoliticalstability.Wearekeentoensurethestabilityandsecurityofthisregionandtodevelopmutuallyprofitabletrade,investment,technologicalexchangesandcooperation.

PassageTwo

(1)Ourillusionsofsafetyandinvulnerabilityweregone,ourdisengagementfromworldaffairsexposedandtallied.Inonesense,wecannotbefaultedforseeinginthecollapseoftheTwinTowers,orinthedemiseofEnron,orinthebloodyconflictsthathavenoendinsight,signsthatthingsarefallingapartallovertheworld.Wecannotdenyallthatiswrongwiththeworld.Buteithercanweconcludethatalliswrongwiththeworld.(2)Everydayweseerolemodelsofexcellence,goodnessandcouragewhobringjoy,beauty,justice,andcomforttotheirfellowhumanbeings.Andiftheworldismovinginthewrongdirection,thenyouhavetheobligationtohelpturnthingsaround.WeadmittedyoutoUniversityPennsylvaniabecausewebelieveeachofyouhasthepotentialtohelphumanitybackoncourse.Yes,welooktoyoutoaddtothebodyofknowledgeinyourfieldsofstudyduringyourtimeoncampus;yes,weexpectyoutoacquiretheskills,knowledge,andtheprowesstoexcelandmakeimportantcontributionsinyourcareersandprofessions;andyes,Ihavenodoubtthateachofyouwillgofaronwhateverprofessionaltrackyouchoosetofollow.(3)Butwedidn’tbringyoutoUniversityPennsylvaniaonlytobecomeaccomplishedartists,brilliantwriters,preeminentscholars,savvypoliticiansorexpertengineers,webroughtyouherebecausewearecountingonyoutopursueBenjaminFranklin’sfoundingmandatetofocusontheoryandpractice,togainknowledgeforitsownsake,andtouseyourknowledgetothriveprofessionallywhileservinghumanity.

Directions:Eachofthefollowingtwopassageshassomeunderlinedparts.TranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】PassageOne

1.【参考译文】在各专门机构和附属机构中,我们支持的是那些协助发展、粮食安全、儿童、药物管制和人权的机构。我们为几乎所有主要的联合国维和行动提供了财政支持、人员和设备,缴纳了联合国所有行动的分摊费用,并提供了额外捐款。我国全面参与联合国裁军、军控和外层空间的工作。我们接受国际法院的管辖权,并积极参与国际法的发展。

3.【参考译文】通过定期的高层互访,我们继续与这些国家的政府,特别是与中华人民共和国的政府保持密切联系。我们认为,亚太地区的和平与繁荣取决于地区国家是否有能力开展合作,保持经济增长和政治稳定。我们渴望确保本地区的稳定与安全,发展互利的贸易、投资、技术交流与合作。

PassageTwo

1.【参考译文】我们对安全和坚不可摧的幻想消失了,我们与世界事务的脱离暴露了出来,并得到了证实。从某种意义上说,我们不能因为看到了世贸双塔的倒塌,安然公司的倒闭,或者看不到尽头的血腥冲突,就认为世界各地都在分崩离析。我们不能否认世界上所有的错误。但我们也不可以得出“这个世界的一切都是错的”这样的结论。

2.【参考译文】每一天,我们都能看到优秀、善良和勇敢的榜样,他们为人类同胞带来欢乐、美丽、正义和安慰。如果世界正朝着错误的方向发展,那么你有义务帮助扭转局面。我们录取你们进入宾夕法尼亚大学是因为我们相信你们每个人都有潜力帮助人类回到正轨。

3.【参考译文】但是,我们把你们带到宾夕法尼亚大学,并不是为了让你们成为有成就的艺术家、才华横溢的作家、卓越的学者、精明的政治家或专业的工程师。我们把你们带到这里,是因为我们指望你们履行本杰明·富兰克林的校训:专注于理论和实践,为了知识本身而获取知识,并利用你们的知识在专业上成功的同时也为人类服务。

20.单选题

Thereisa()differenceinmeaningbetweenthetwowords“surroundings”and“environment”.

问题1选项

A.gentle

B.feeble

C.subtle

D.humble

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项gentle“温和的;文雅的”;B选项feeble“微弱的;虚弱的”;C选项subtle“微妙的;细微的;敏感的;稀薄的”;D选项humble“谦逊的;简陋的;(级别或地位)低下的”。句意:“surroundings”与“environment”这两个单词在意思上存在细微的差异。根据句意,选项C正确。

21.单选题

Hespokeso()thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

问题1选项

A.reservedly

B.emphatically

C.determinedly

D.convincingly

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项reservedly“决然地;断然地”;B选项emphatically“着重地;强调地;断然地”;C选项determinedly“决然地;断然地”;D选项convincingly“令人信服地;有说服力地”。句意:他如此令人信服地发言,以至于他的对手都被他的辩论所说服。根据句意,D选项正确。

22.单选题

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjam,thecostofpetrolandthefastpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecomingdeplorable.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatter.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog(占道者),butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign;otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadcourtesyisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtohitbackwhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofcourtesyhelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofcourtesyarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizecourtesywhentheyseeit.

Contrarytogeneralopinion,youngdrivershavebettermannersthantheirseniors.Butthisisshort-livedintheworldofmoderndrivingwheremanydriversneitherexpectnorgiveanymercy.Thismaybeencouragedonthebattlefieldbutisoutofplaceontheroads.

Lorrydriverssaytheyhavealmostabandonedthepracticeofsignalingcarstoovertakewhentheroadisclear,becausemanyofthecarstooktoolongtopass.Theycouldn’tbebotheredtoselectalowergear.Thecardrivers,afterovertaking,sloweddownagainandhoggedtheroad.Again,amotoringmagazinehasrecentlydrawnattentiontotheincreasingnumberofdriverswhoneverwaitforgaps.“Theymanufacturethembyforce,usingtheirdirectionindicatorsasathreatratherthanawarning.”Punch-ups(打群架)arequitecommon.Itcan’tbelongbeforewehearofpistolsandknivesbeingused.

Drivingisessentiallyastateofmind.Howevertechnicallyskilledadrivermaybe,hecan’tbeanadvancedmotoristifheisalwaysarrogantandaggressive.

1.Theauthorismostconcernedabout().

2.Theword“deplorable”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans“()”.

3.Theword“courtesy”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans“()”.

4.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?

5.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3that().

6.Anexampleofgoodmannersontheroadsis().

7.Accordingtotheauthor,agooddrivershould().

问题1选项

A.trafficjam

B.roadmanners

C.fastpaceoflife

D.highcostofpetrol

问题2选项

A.moreserious

B.moretempting

C.disturbing

D.noticeable

问题3选项

A.driving

B.waving

C.goodmanners

D.badmanners

问题4选项

A.Manydriverstendtofightbackagainstrudebehaviors.

B.Alittlecourtesymayhelpeasethetensionsontheroad.

C.Goodwillandtolerancemayhelprelievetrafficjam.

D.Manydriversnowadayslackagoodsenseofcourtesy.

问题5选项

A.youngdriversaremoreaggressive

B.youngdriverswouldsoonlosetheirgoodmanners

C.elderdriversaremorecautious

D.elderdriversshouldimprovetheirdrivingskills

问题6选项

A.signalingcarstoovertake

B.manufacturingagap

C.selectingalowergear

D.usingthedirectionindicator

问题7选项

A.betechnicallyskilled

B.haveagoodstateofmind

C.besympatheticwithothers

D.takegoodcareofhisvehicle

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。作者围绕交通文明而展开论述。因此B项“道路礼貌”比较符合本文主旨。

2.【试题解析】词义题。“deplorable”所在句为:Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjam,thecostofpetrolandthefastpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecomingdeplorable(交通堵塞、汽油价格和现代生活的快节奏固然应该指责,但道路上的礼仪正变得……)。由此可知,deplorable有“糟糕,变坏”之意,故选A。

3.【试题解析】词义题。对于“courtesy”的理解可参考其所在句子:Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofcourtesyhelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofcourtesyarealltooraretoday.(—个友好的点头或挥手以回应一个……的行为,有助于创造友好和宽容的氛围,而这正是现代交通条件下迫切需要的。但是这种礼貌的回应现如今实在太少见了),由此可知,courtesy意为“礼貌”。

4.【试题解析】主旨大意题。第二段先是提出了道路文明,尾句是主题句:这种礼貌的回应现如今实在太少见了。现在当遇到这样的情况,许多司机甚至都意识不到这种礼貌或好意。因此D项“现在许多司机缺乏礼貌意识”比较符合第二段大意。

5.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段指出:Butthisisshort-livedintheworldofmoderndrivingwheremanydriversneitherexpectnorgiveanymercy.(但是这会是短暂的,在这个现代的驾驶世界,许多司机既不期待也不给予任何宽容),由此推测,B项“年轻的司机很快就会失去他们的礼貌”正确。

6.【试题解析】判断推理题。第四段指出:卡车司机说,他们几乎已经放弃了在道路畅通时向汽车发出超车信号的做法,自己懒得麻烦变道,即使这么做了,上来的车也不会有好的做法。因此,这属于一种道路礼貌的行为,故选A项。

7.【试题解析】判断推理题。Drivingisessentiallyastateofmind.Howevertechnicallyskilledadrivermaybe,hecan’tbeanadvancedmotoristifheisalwaysarrogantandaggressive.(开车是一种心态,技术再好的司机,如果傲慢和具有侵略性,也不可能是一位优秀的司机)。由此可知,作者认为,优秀的司机得有一个好心态。故选B。

23.单选题

ImportedfromGermany,this()instrumentrequiresawell-trainedoperator.

问题1选项

A.artificial

B.intricate

C.competent

D.luxurious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项artificial“人造的;仿造的;虚伪的”;B选项intricate“复杂的;错综的;缠结的”;C选项competent“胜任的;有能力的”;D选项luxurious“奢侈的;丰富的”。句意:从德国进口的这个复杂仪器需要一位训练有素的操作者。根据句意,判断出B选项正确。

24.单选题

Thescientistsbecameveryexcitedastheyfelttheywereonthe()ofadiscovery.

问题1选项

A.crest

B.borderline

C.brink

D.bluff

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthebrinkof“在……的边缘”,句意:当感觉自己处于一个发现的边缘时,科学家们变得非常兴奋。故C选项正确。

25.单选题

Thelecturerwanderedfromhistextto()onapointthathadobviouslycaughthisaudience’sinterest.

问题1选项

A.elaborate

B.interrupt

C.explain

D.emphasize

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项elaborate“详细说明,阐述;详尽计划(常与on连用)”;B选项interrupt“中断;打断;插嘴;妨碍”;C选项explain“说明;解释”;D选项emphasize“强调,着重”。句意:这位演讲者离开他的正文,去详尽阐述明显让他的观众感兴趣的一个观点。结合句意,A选项正确。

26.单选题

Accordingtothenewspapercritic,theperformancesatthetalentcontestlastnight()fromacceptabletoexcellent.

问题1选项

A.varied

B.receded

C.averaged

D.declined

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项vary“变化;变异”;B选项recede“后退;减弱”;C选项average“平均为”;D选项decline“下降;衰落;谢绝”。句意:这份报纸的评论家称,昨晚才艺大赛上的表演在从可接受的到极好的范围变化着。结合句意,A选项正确。

27.单选题

Hebuiltalargefencebecauseheheardhisneighborwasgoingto()onhisproperty.

问题1选项

A.apposite

B.execrable

C.utilitarian

D.impinge

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。impingeon“影响;撞击;侵犯”。句意为:因为听说邻居将会侵犯自己的财产,所以他修建了一个大的围栏。根据句意可知D选项正确。

28.单选题

Arecentofhomebuyingpatterns()showsthatmanypeopleunder30inAmericaarestillrenting.

问题1选项

A.status

B.bonus

C.chorus

D.census

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项status“地位;状态”;B选项bonus“奖金;红利;额外津贴”;C选项chorus“合唱队;齐声”;D选项census“人口普查;普查”。句意:针对住宅购买模式的一项最近普查显示,在美国很多30岁以下的人仍然在租房。由句意可知D选项正确。

29.单选题

Thegirl’s()conditionwasduetothefactthatshecouldn’tfindaperfectdressforhomecoming.

问题1选项

A.moot

B.prestigious

C.abject

D.meretricious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项moot“无实际意义的;未决议的”;B选项prestigious“有名望的;享有声望的”;C选项abject“卑鄙的;不幸的;可怜的;(境况)凄惨的”;D选项meretricious“俗气的;华丽而庸俗的”。句意:这位女孩可怜的状况是因她不能为校友返校节而找到一件完美的礼服。根据句意可知C选项正确。

30.单选题

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines:theBug-EyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitand(1)thatmostpeoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,curvaceous,scantily-cladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansand(2)aworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.In(3)tothisunwarrantedstereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andwhenit(4),itismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.(5),thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesinthe(6)betweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishto(7)thatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,the(8)ofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudyingfor(9)otherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswer(0)be,unfortunately,thattherehavebeen(1)attemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofits(12).Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningit,(13)thatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowing(14)shouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowsthe(15)ofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwillnecessarilybemodifiedand(16),itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesa(17)ofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedor(18)inmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniscitherashortstoryoranovel.(19)areonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbe(20)sciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Russum’sUniversalRobots)(21)theonlyonethatiswell-known;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthatsamebasic(22)inmuchthesamewayasprosefiction(23),thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcan(24)aboutprosefiction,ingeneral,appliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,(25)shortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asetting,characters,languageandtheme.And(26)anyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwith(27)man’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedand(28)inexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticular(29)ofnarrator,story,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywould(30)foranyotherstoryornovel.

问题1选项

A.expression

B.feature

C.character

D.merit

问题2选项

A.deserts

B.advocates

C.degrades

D.reduces

问题3选项

A.regard

B.contrast

C.relation

D.accordance

问题4选项

A.was

B.is

C.did

D.does

问题5选项

A.Instead

B.However

C.Therefore

D.Also

问题6选项

A.bonds

B.communication

C.relation

D.alliance

问题7选项

A.cla

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