2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号57

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.翻译题

PassageOne

⑴Noneofthemuchflauntedappealsofcigaretteadvertisers,suchassuperiortasteandmildness,inducesustobecomesmokersortochooseonebrandinpreferencetoanother.Despitetheemphasisputonsuchqualitiesbyadvertisers,theyareminorconsiderations.Thisisoneofthefirstfactswediscoveredwhenweaskedseveralhundredpeoplefromallwalksoflife,whytheylikedtosmokecigarettes.Smokingisasmuchapsychologicalpleasureasitisaphysiologicalsatisfaction.

Whatisthenatureofthispsychologicalpleasure?Itcanbetracedtotheuniversaldesireforself-expression.(2)Noneofusevercompletelyoutgrowsourchildhood.Weareconstantlyhuntingforthecarefreeenjoymentweknewaschildren.Aswegrewolder,wehadtosubordinateourpleasurestoworkandtothenecessityforunceasingeffort.Smoking,formanyofus,then,becameasubstituteforourearlyhabitoffollowingthewhimsofthemoment;itbecomesalegitimateexcuseforinterruptingworkandsnatchingamomentofpleasure.

Mostofusarehungryforrewards.Wewanttobepattedontheback.Acigaretteisarewardthatwecangiveourselvesasoftenaswewish.Whenwehavedoneanythingwell,forinstance,wecancongratulateourselveswithacigarette,whichcertifies,ineffect,thatwehavebeen“goodboys.”

PassageTwo

(3)Thereisincreasingmediacoveragesurroundingcarbonfootprints.Businessesarefacingmountingstakeholderpressuretoshowtheircommitmenttomeasuringandreducingcarbonemissions.Asawarenessamongstconsumersisgrowing,organizationsarebeingaskedtoreportontheactivitiestheyareundertakingtoreducetheircarbonfootprint.Untilrecently,mostcarbonoffsetswerecommonlydonebyplantingtrees.

Yethoweffectivearenewtreesinoffsettingthecarbonfootprint?Anewstudysuggeststhatthelocationofthenewtreesisanimportantfactorwhenconsideringsuchcarbonoffsetprojects.(4)Plantingandpreservingforestsinthetropicsismorelikelytoslowdownglobalwarming.ButthestudyconcludesthatplantingnewtreesincertainpartsoftheplanetmayactuallywarmtheEarth.Thenewstudy,whichcombinesclimateandcarbon-cycleeffectsoflarge-scaledeforestationinafullyinteractivethree-dimensionalclimate-carbonmodel,confirmsthatplantingmoretropicalrainforestscouldhelpslowglobalwarmingworldwide.

Theresearch,ledbyLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratoryatmosphericscientistGovindasamyBala,appearsintheApril9-13onlineeditionoftheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

Accordingtothestudy,newforestsinmid-tohigh-latitudelocationscouldactuallycreateanetwarming.Specifically,moretreesinmid-latitudelocationsliketheUnitedStatesandmostofEuropewouldonlycreatemarginalbenefitsfromaclimateperspective.ButthoseextratreesintheborealforestsofCanada,ScandinaviaandSiberiacouldactuallybecounterproductive,Balasaid.

Forestsaffectclimateinthreedifferentways:theyabsorbthegreenhousegas―carbondioxide—fromtheatmosphereandhelpkeeptheplanetcool;theyevaporatewatertotheatmosphereandincreasecloudiness,whichalsohelpskeeptheplanetcool;andtheyaredarkandabsorbsunlight(thealbedoeffect),warmingtheEarth.Previousclimatechangemitigationstrategiesthatpromoteplantingtreeshavetakenonlythefirsteffectintoaccount.

“Ourstudyshowsthatonlytropicalrainforestsarestronglybeneficialinhelpingslowdownglobalwarming,”Balasaid.“Itisawin-winsituationinthetropicsbecausetreesinthetropics,inadditiontoabsorbingcarbondioxide,promoteconvectivecloudsthathelptocooltheplanet.Inotherlocations,thewarmingfromthealbedoeffecteithercancelsorexceedsthenetcoolingfromtheothertwoeffects.”

Thestudyconcludesthatbytheyear2100,forestsinmid-andhigh-latitudeswillmakesomeplacesupto10degreesFahrenheitwarmerthanwouldhaveoccurrediftheforestsdidnotexist.

(5)Theauthorscautionthatthecoolingfromdeforestationoutsidethetropicsshouldnotbeviewedasastrategyformitigatingclimatechange.“Preservationofecosystemsisaprimarygoalofpreventingglobalwarming,andthedestructionofecosystemstopreventglobalwarmingwouldbeacounterproductiveandperversestrategy.”SaidKenCaldeira,fromtheCarnegieInstitutionandaco-authorofthisreport.

Directions:Eachofthefollowingtwopassageshassomeunderlinedparts.TranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】PassageOne

（1）【参考译文】香烟广告商所十分炫耀的香烟吸引力中，如出众的味道和温和，没有一种引诱我们去变为吸烟者或偏好地选择一个品牌。尽管广告商强调此类品质，但是它们却是次要的考虑。这是我们在询问数百位来自各行各业的人为何喜欢吸烟时，所发现的最初事实中的一件。吸烟是一种心理享受，也是一种生理满足。

（2）【参考译文】我们没有人能完全摆脱我们的童年。我们一直在寻找儿时那种无忧无虑的享受。随着年龄的增长，我们不得不把我们的乐趣置于工作和必须的不断的努力之下。于是，对我们许多人来说，吸烟代替了我们早年一时冲动的习惯；这成了打断工作、享受片刻快乐的正当借口。

PassageTwo

（3）【参考译文】媒体对碳排放量的报道越来越多。企业受到利益相关方越来越大的压力，要求它们表现出测量和减少碳排放的承诺。随着消费者意识的提高，各企业被要求报告他们为减少碳排放量而开展的活动。直到最近，大部分的碳抵消都是通过植树来完成的。

（4）【参考译文】在热带地区种植和保护森林更有可能减缓全球变暖。但研究得出的结论是，在地球的某些地区种植新树木实际上可能会使地球变暖。这项新的研究在一个完全互动的三维气候－碳模型中结合了大规模森林砍伐对气候和碳循环的影响，证实种植更多的热带雨林有助于减缓全球变暖。

（5）【参考译文】作者警告说，热带以外森林砍伐的降温不应被视为减缓气候变化的策略。“保护生态系统是防止全球变暖的首要目标，为了防止全球变暖而破坏生态系统将是一种适得其反的错误策略。”

2.单选题

Apopularwayofkeepingfitistogo（）,whichisakindofslow-tomedium-pacedrunning.

问题1选项

A.trotting

B.sauntering

C.strolling

D.jogging

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项trot“小跑”；B选项saunter“漫步；闲逛”；C选项stroll“漫步；闲逛；巡回演出”；D选项jog“慢跑；轻推，轻撞”。句意：保持健康的流行方式是去慢跑，其是一种缓慢到中等步伐的跑步。结合此处语境，D选项正确。

3.单选题

One’sattitudetowardsjobhuntingwouldbe（）tohisprospects.

问题1选项

A.critical

B.critic

C.crucial

D.criticized

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项critical“批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的”；B选项critic“批评家，评论家；爱挑剔的人”；C选项crucial“重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的”；D选项criticize“批评；评论；非难”。句意：一个人对找工作的态度对他的发展前景是重要的。故C正确。

4.单选题

Amisconceptionfrequentlyheldbynovicewritersisthatsentencestructuremirrorsthought:themoreconvolutedthestructure,themore（）theideas.

问题1选项

A.complicated

B.inconsequential

C.fanciful

D.blatant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词同义辨析。A选项complicated“难懂的，复杂的”；B选项inconsequential“不重要的；不合理的；不合逻辑的”；C选项fanciful“想象的；稀奇的”；D选项blatant“喧嚣的；公然的；炫耀的；俗丽的”。句意：新手作家时常拥有的一个错误想法是句子结构反映想法，即结构越复杂，那么想法也就越复杂。根据句意判断出A选项正确。

5.单选题

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

问题1选项

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项configuration“配置；结构；外形”；B选项constitution“宪法；体制；构造；结构”；C选项condemnation“谴责；定罪；非难的理由”；D选项contamination“污染，玷污；污染物”。句意：如今《科学》杂志上有一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化合物大多数来自地球本身的结构，而不是火星上的细菌。结合句意，B选项正确。

6.单选题

Thenewspaper（）thedetailsoftheaccidentinashorttime.

问题1选项

A.disclosed

B.exhibited

C.exposed

D.discovered

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项disclose“公开；披露”；B选项exhibit“展览；显示；提出（证据等）”；C选项expose“揭露（多指揭露丑闻，坏人坏事或各种阴谋）；使曝光；显示”；D选项discover“发现；发觉”。句意：这份报纸不久就披露了这起事故的细节。结合此处语境，A选项正确。

7.单选题

Bulliedbytwoclassmates,theboybegantocryandtearslowly（）downhisface.

问题1选项

A.oozed

B.trickled

C.dribbled

D.leaked

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ooze“渗出；泄漏”；B选项trickle“使……滴；一滴滴地流”；C选项dribble“连击；使滴下；运球”；D选项leak“使渗漏，泄露”。句意：受到两位同班同学的欺负后，这位男孩开始哭，然后眼泪顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流下。结合此处句意眼泪应该是顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流，判断出B选项正确。

8.单选题

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwage-workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen,Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTenderthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtoTender,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhad

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthepassage?

4.Whatdoestheword“tantalizing”(Line2,Para.2)probablymean?

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

问题1选项

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.correctamisconceptionaboutfeministtheory

问题2选项

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

问题3选项

A.Achronologicalaccountofahistoricaldevelopmentispresented,andthenfuturedevelopmentsarepredicted.

B.Atermisdefinedaccordingtoseveraldifferentschoolsofthought,andthenanewdefinitionisformulated.

C.Atheoryispresented,analternativeviewpointisintroduced,andthenthereasoningbehindtheinitialtheoryissummarized.

D.Atentativeproposalismade,reasonsforandagainstitareweighed,andthenamodifiedversionoftheproposalisoffered.

问题4选项

A.tempting

B.annoying

C.dubious

D.formal

问题5选项

A.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干可以定位到文章主旨句，在最后一段“Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.”，中文翻译为：尽管提出了重要的问题，但是Eisenstein的文章没有提供确切的答案，它仍需要其他人去接受这些问题提供的挑战。可以判断只有B项“评估了研究女人的一种方法”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文大意为：Eisenstein认为世纪之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒绝她所谓的占主导地位的“家庭生活意识形态”，相反，她们接受这种意识形态和其他可用的意识形态，如女权主义、社会主义和工会主义，并且根据她们自己的经历和需要来修改或改编这些意识形态。D选项“她们接受了一些，而不是占主导地位的意识形态的所有方面”正确，符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词可定位到原文首段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant‘ideologyofdomesticity,’butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文翻译为：Eisenstein认为世纪之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒绝她所谓的占主导地位的“家庭生活意识形态”，相反，她们接受这种意识形态和其他可用的意识形态，如女权主义、社会主义和工会主义，并且根据她们自己的经历和需要来修改或改编这些意识形态，以及“...Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTender…”中文翻译为：在一定程度上，Eisenstein质疑LeslieTender……最近提出的有争议的提议，判断C选项“提出一种理论，引出一种互斥的观点，然后总结第一个理论背后的推理”，正确。

4.【试题解析】词汇题。A:tempting“吸引人的”；B:annoying“讨厌的；恼人的”；C:dubious“可疑的；暧昧的；无把握的；半信半疑的”；D:formal“正式的；拘谨的；有条理的”。题干关键词“tantalizing”意为：诱人的。故选A。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段“Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.”中文翻译为：她（即Eisenstein）使用自己承认远非代表人物的改革者和劳工组织的发言和作品来充当典型的女性工作者的声音。因此B选项“分析世纪之交的典型女性工薪阶层所写的信和日记”符合题意。

9.单选题

Afteraslowsalesstartearlyintheyear,mobilehomeshavebeengainingfavorasan（）toincreasinglyexpensiveconventionalhousing.

问题1选项

A.option

B.alternative

C.supplement

D.addition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项option“选项；选择权；买卖的特权”；B选项alternative“替换物，替代品”；C选项supplement“增补，补充”；D选项addition“添加；加法；增加物”。句意：在销售放缓在这一年早些时候开始出现后，流动房屋作为日益昂贵的传统房屋的一种替代物而一直受到青睐。结合句意，B选项正确。

10.单选题

Manynewspaperscommentedonthegovernment’s（）measurestobringdownthepriceofwheat,rice,sugar,andotheressentialcommodities.

问题1选项

A.feeble

B.limp

C.fragile

D.disabled

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项feeble“无效的；微弱的；虚弱的”；B选项limp“（性格）软弱的；柔软的，无生气的”；C选项fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D选项disabled“残废的，有缺陷的”。句意：对于政府压低小麦、大米、糖和其他必需品价格的无效措施，很多报纸进行了评论。结合此处语境，可知A选项正确。

11.单选题

Inorderto（）theagreementbetweentheemployeeandtheemployer,bothsidesmustsignit.

问题1选项

A.extract

B.endorse

C.notify

D.validate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项extract“提取；取出；摘录；榨取”；B选项endorse“背书；认可；签署；赞同”；C选项notify“通告，通知；公布”；D选项validate“证实，验证；确认；使生效”。句意：为了使雇员和雇主之间的协议生效，双方必须在该协议上签字。因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“Intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“know”whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto（）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe“writersonmanagement”mentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisionsandManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

问题1选项

A.speedupthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem

B.identifyaproblem

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts

D.stipulatecleargoals

问题2选项

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavebasedtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecision.

问题3选项

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;MangerYdoesnot.

D.MangerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot.

问题4选项

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

B.Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

C.Managers’intuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

D.Intuitionenablesmanagestoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

问题5选项

A.Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。通过A选项“加快产生问题的解决办法”定位到原文第三段“Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.”中文翻译：最后，经理们可以使用直觉去绕开深入分析，从而迅速地产生一个可能的解决办法。通过B选项“识别问题”定位到原文第三段“First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.”中文翻译：首先，当问题存在时，他们直觉地感觉到。通过C选项“整合不同的事实”定位到原文第三段“Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture.”中文翻译：直觉的第三个功能将孤立的数据和做法综合成一个完整的画面。选项D“规定明确的目标”在文章内没有被提及，故选D。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.”中文翻译：然而，一般来说，这样的作者表现出对直觉的理解贫乏。可知最佳答案为D选项“他们误解了经理们在做经营决策中如何使用直觉”。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“…theclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.”中文翻译：传统的理性模式——先明确目标、评估问题、形成选择、估计成功的可能、做决定，然后采取行动实施决定，以及“Rather...tointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.”中文翻译为：而是……将行动合并到思考的过程中。可以推断出答案选择C“经理X采取行动来得到问题的解决方法；经理Y却不这样”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段“Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.”中文翻译为：第二个方式是，经理依赖直觉快速地执行充分学习到的行为模式，以及“Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.”中文翻译为：按照这种方式被使用的直觉几乎是一种即刻的认知过程，而在该过程中经理认出类似的模式。因此判断正确答案为D“直觉能让经理更有效地使用他们的实践经验”。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodelof…”中文翻译为：大多数成功的高级经理在工作管理上都不紧紧地遵循传统的理性模式……以及“Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers…”中文翻译为：而是，在他们日常战术策略中……可知，正确答案为B项“摒弃一种传统的模式，然后介绍一种替代的选择”。

13.单选题

Onhowtheworldhaschangedoverthelast50years,notallofithasbeengood.Asyouarelookingfororganicfoodinformation,youhaveobviouslybecomeawarethatabetteralternativeexistsandyouaretakingacriticallookatthesourceandproductionpracticesofthecompaniesproducingtheworld’sfoodsupplies.

Thepurposeoforganicfoodinformationistogiveyouanunderstandingofwhatisgoingintoyourfood.Youwillseethattherearemanybenefitstoorganicfoodthatyoudidn’tknowbefore.Thebasisbehindknowingaboutorganicfoodinformationisthefactthatfarmersareresortingtousingartificialfertilizersandpesticides（杀虫剂）tocontroldiseaseandinsectattackinordertoproducemorecropstosatisfygrowingdemand.Theseartificialfertilizersleavesomethingpoisonousinandonthefruitandvegetablesweconsumewhichinturnisabsorbedandstoredbyourbodies.

Eventhequalityoffoodhasgonedowninrecentyears.Today’sfruitshavenowhereneartheVitaminClevelstheydidatonetime.However,withorganicfoodinformationyoulearnthatorganicfoodhasfiftypercentmorenutrients,mineralsandvitaminsthananyotherformofproducethathasbeengrownunderintensivefarming.Ifyouareeatingnon-organicproduceyouwillhavetoeatmorefruitinordertomakeupforthisdeficiency.Butthenthedangerouscyclecontinuessinceyouwillbeeatingmorechemicalsthatareworseforyourhealththantheyaregoodforyou.

Anotheraspectoforganicfoodinformationistheproductionofmeatandpoultry（家食）.Mostonlyconsiderproducewhenitcomestoorganicfoodinformationdisregardingtheantibioticsandhormonesthataregiventobothcattleandpoultrythatarebeingforcefed.Askyourselfwhathappenstoalltheseantibioticsandhormoneswhentheanimaliskilled,theremainingoftheseantibioticsandgrowthhormonesresideinthemeatwhicharethenconsumed,digestedandstoredinhumanbodies.Thereisnowaythatananimalthatisn’tkeptinhealthyconditionscanproducehealthyfoodforhumanstoeat.

Youhavenothingtolosebytryingorganicproduct,notonlywillitbehealthyforyoubutyouwillalsobeabletoeatproduceandmeatthewaytheyaresupposedtobe.Youwilllikelybesoimpressedwiththetasteoforganicfruitthatyouwillneverreturntothemass-producedfruitagain.Whilecostandavailabilitycanbeabigissueforsome,youcandoabitofresearchonlineandfindalocalstorethatstocksorganicproduceforareasonableprice.

1.ItisstatedinParagraph1thatorganicfood（）.

2.Farmersuseartificialfertilizersandpesticidesto（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,organicfood（）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutmeatandpoultry?

6.Inthelastparagraph,peopleareadvisedto（）.

7.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

8.Whatwillbeprobablyaddressedifthereisanotherparagraphafterthelast?

问题1选项

A.isconsideredasabetterchoice

B.ismostlysuppliedbyworld-famouscompanies

C.hasbecomepopularoverthelast50years

D.reflectsthechangeofproductionpractices

问题2选项

A.satisfypeople’scriticaldemand

B.developbetterfarmingtechnology

C.getahighercropyield

D.keeppeopleinbetterhealth

问题3选项

A.FruitsnowadaysdonotcontainVitaminC

B.FruitsnowadayscontainmoreVitaminCthanbefore

C.FruitsnowadayscontainlessVitaminCthanbefore

D.FruitsnowadayscontainVitaminCasmuchasbefore

问题4选项

A.hasgonedowninquality

B.hasmorenutrients

C.canreplacemass-producedfood

D.lacksVitaminC

问题5选项

A.Organicmeatandpoultryishardlyavailable

B.Agreatamountofmeatisconsumedeveryyear

C.Mercilesskillingoftheanimalslowerstheirquality

D.Theymaycontainantibioticsandgrowthhormones

问题6选项

A.eattraditionalproduceandmeat

B.returntomass-producedfruits

C.dothecostandavailabilityresearch

D.tryorganicproductforbetterhealthandtaste

问题7选项

A.thebenefitsoforganicfoodinformation

B.thechallengesfacingtheworldfoodindustry

C.changesinfoodproductionpractices

D.agrowingdemandhighqualityfood

问题8选项

A.Howfarmersuseartificialfertilizersandpesticides.

B.Howtofindorganicproduceinlocalstoresforareasonableprice.

C.Theproductionofmeatandpoultry.

D.Thefutureoforganicproduce.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。第一段指出：你在寻找有机食品的信息时，你显然已经意识到存在更好的选择，并且在用批判地眼光看待食品公司的原产原料和生产实践，他们为世界提供着粮食供应。由此可知，A项“（有机食品）被认为是更好的选择”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段指出：Thebasisbehindknowingaboutorganicfoodinformationisthefactthatfarmersareresortingtousingartificialfertilizersandpesticidestocontroldiseaseandinsectattackinordertoproducemorecropstosatisfygrowingdemand.（了解有机食品信息背后的基础是这样一个事实：农民正在使用人工化肥和杀虫剂来控制病虫害，以便生产更多的作物，以满足日益增长的需求），因此C项“获得更高的作物产量”正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。第三段指出：Eventhequalityoffoodhasgonedowninrecentyears.Today’sfruitshavenowhereneartheVitaminClevelstheydidatonetime.（近年来，食品的质量都下降了。现在水果的维生素C含量远不如以前）。因此C项“现在的水果所含的维他命C比以前少”正确。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。第三段指出：However,withorganicfoodinformationyoulearnthatorganicfoodhasfiftypercentmorenutrients,mineralsandvitaminsthananyotherformofproducethathasbeengrownunderintensivefarming.（然而，通过了解有机食品的信息，你会发现有机食品的营养成分、矿物质和维生素比密集农业生产出来的农产品都要高50%），因此B项正确。

5.【试题解析】判断推理题。第四段指出：Askyourselfwhathappenstoalltheseantibioticsandhormoneswhentheanimaliskilled,theremainingoftheseantibioticsandgrowthhormonesresideinthemeatwhicharethenconsumed,digestedandstoredinhu