2022年考研考博-考博英语-郑州大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号41

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-郑州大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Inflationisaneconomicconditionin（1）pricesforconsumergoods（2）andthe（3）ofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（4）awarorcarry（5）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（6）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（7）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneyto（8）thedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（9）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.（10）peoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoods（11）televisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.

Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（12）demand.（13），ifpeople

thinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh.（14）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworkswages（15）to（16）thehighcostofliving,industrywillmeethisdemandandaddothercostofproductionontothe（17）.（18）summary,allofthesecausescan（19）inflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,（20）governmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

问题1选项

A.which

B.that

C.this

D.what

问题2选项

A.lower

B.raise

C.decrease

D.increase

问题3选项

A.cost

B.price

C.value

D.spending

问题4选项

A.fight

B.pay

C.offer

D.finance

问题5选项

A.out

B.off

C.on

D.away

问题6选项

A.compensate

B.offset

C.exchange

D.accomplish

问题7选项

A.expand

B.spend

C.extend

D.explore

问题8选项

A.respond

B.return

C.meet

D.spend

问题9选项

A.excessively

B.automatically

C.timely

D.exceedingly

问题10选项

A.Whether

B.If

C.Though

D.Forfearthat

问题11选项

A.like

B.of

C.as

D.except

问题12选项

A.plenty

B.comply

C.satisfy

D.supply

问题13选项

A.Nevertheless

B.Otherwise

C.However

D.Furthermore

问题14选项

A.uninteresting

B.interesting

C.interested

D.interest

问题15选项

A.shouldincrease

B.increased

C.increase

D.beincreased

问题16选项

A.restrict

B.impose

C.cover

D.protest

问题17选项

A.controller

B.consumer

C.employer

D.manager

问题18选项

A.In

B.At

C.On

D.By

问题19选项

A.create

B.invent

C.discover

D.result

问题20选项

A.insufficient

B.processing

C.productive

D.excessive

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:D

第14题:D

第15题:D

第16题:C

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:A

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个引导定语从句的引导词，先行词是economiccondition，介词后面的定语从句引导词不能用that，因此选项A符合题意。

2.考查逻辑关系。根据后面的purchasingpowerdecreases可推断空格处的动词应该与decrease相反，所以选项D符合题意。

3.考查逻辑关系。根据并列连词or可知其前后的内容是相近的，因此the____ofmoney应该与purchasingpower意思相近，因此选项C符合题意。

4.考查动词词义辨析。fight“与……打仗”；pay“支付”；offer“提供”；finance“负担经费”。后面提到政府spendmoremoney（花更多的钱），可知前面是花钱在战争上，因此financeawar符合题意。

5.考查词组辨析。carryout“实施”；carryoff“夺去，夺得”；carryon“继续，参与”；carryaway“运走，使失去自制力”。与socialprogram搭配的动词词组是carryout，所以选项A符合题意。

6.考查固定搭配。compensate“补偿，赔偿”；offset“抵消；补偿”；exchange“交换”；accomplish“完成，实现”。offsetdeficit“弥补财政赤字”为固定搭配，选项B符合题意。

7.考查动词词义辨析。expand“扩张”；spend“度过，花费”；extend“延伸”；explore“探索”。根据后面issuingmorepapermoney可知前面是在扩大纸币供应，因此选项A符合题意。

8.考查固定搭配。meetdebts是“偿清债务”的固定搭配，选项C符合题意。

9.考查副词词义辨析。excessively“过分地”；automatically“自动地”；timely“及时地”；exceedingly“非常；极其”。空格处所在句子的大意是：货币供应量的增加将会导致货币价值自动下降。因此选项B符合题意。

10.考查条件状语从句。根据后面的主句theywillrunout…，主句使用将来时态可知空格处所在的分句是一个条件状语从句，因此选项B符合题意。

11.考查介词词义辨析。televisionandcomputers属于populargoods，前者是对后者具体的举例说明，因此选项A符合题意。

12.考查词义辨析。plenty“足够的”；comply“遵守，遵从”；satisfy“满足，说服”；supply“供给，提供”。Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices“工厂会以更高的价格生产更多的产品”，to表目的，“为了满足需求”，选项C符合题意。

13.考查逻辑关系。根据ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup（如果人们认为快销产品的价格正在上涨），可知与前句是一个递进的关系，因此选项D符合题意。

14.考查固定搭配。interestrate“利率”是固定用法，选项D符合题意。

15.考查虚拟语气。demand后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语一般要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，其中should可以省略；此外，workswages与动词increase之间是被动关系，因此要用被动式，选项D符合题意。

16.考查固定搭配。coverthecost“支付费用”是固定用法，选项C符合题意。

17.考查名词词义辨析。controller“控制器”；consumer“消费者，用户”；employer“老板，雇主”；manager“经理，管理人员”。空格处所在句子的大意是：生产方为满足要求会将生产成本加在消费者身上，因此选项B符合题意。

18.考查固定搭配。insummary“概括起来，总之”是固定用法，选项A符合题意。

19.考查动词词义辨析。allofthesecausescan79inflationaryproblems（所有这些因素都可能导致通货膨胀问题），四个选项中A与D都有“导致”的意思，但是result通常与介词in连用，因此选项A符合题意。

20.考查词义辨析。insufficient“不足的”；processing“加工”；productive“能生产的”；excessive“过多的”。文章讲述了导致通货膨胀的三个因素，第二段第二句话Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending，由此可知选项D符合题意。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

西藏在中国的西南部。居住在这里的藏族先民，远在公元前就与生活在中原的汉族有联系。到了唐朝(公元618-907年)，藏汉双方通过王室间的联姻、会盟，在政治上形成了团结友好的亲谊关系，在经济和文化上建立了密切的联系，为最终建立统一的国家奠定了深厚的基础。十三世纪中叶，西藏正式归入中国元朝版图。自此以后，尽管中国经历了几代王朝的兴替，但西藏一直处于中央政权的管辖之下。

【答案】TibetislocatedinSouthwestChina.ThepeoplewholivedtherestruckuplinkswiththeHanintheCentralPlainslongbeforetheChristianera.BytheTangDynasty(AD618-907),theTibetansandHanshas,throughmarriagesbetweenroyalfamiliesandotheralliances,cementedunityandpoliticalfriendshipandformedcloseeconomicandculturalrelations.Thiscreatedasolidfoundationfortheultimatefoundingofaunifiednation.Inthemid-13thcentury,TibetwasofficiallyincorporatedintotheterritoryofChina’sYuanDynasty.Sincethen,althoughChinaexperiencedseveraldynasticchanges,TibethasremainedunderthejurisdictionofthecentralgovernmentofChina.

3.单选题

Apervasivenegativeattitudeoftheengineerstowardprojectsfundedbyhiscompanyisthecauseofthedelayofsigningthecontract.

问题1选项

A.pernicious

B.prevalent

C.preventive

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pernicious“有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；B选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”；C选项preventive“预防性的，防备的；防病的”；D选项perpetual“永久的；不断的；四季开花的；无期限的”。句意：工程师们对他们公司资助的项目普遍持否定态度，这是合同迟迟没有签订的原因。本句关键词pervasive表示“普遍的；到处渗透的；流行的”，四个选项中B选项最合适，因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Noonecouldcomeupwithaneasysolutiontothegovernment'spredicament

—labor（）whichiscausedbytheworldfinancialcrisis.

问题1选项

A.decline

B.shortage

C.rarity

D.vacancy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline“下降；衰退”；shortage“缺乏；不足”;rarity“罕见；珍贵”；vacancy“空缺，空白”。根据government’spredicament“政府困境”与financialcrisis“经济危机”，可知空格处是要表达“劳动力短缺”的意思，选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

IfacontemporaryRipVanWinklehadsleptforfortyyearsandawakenedtoday,hewouldhavetogobacktoschoolbeforehecouldunderstandadailynewspaperoramagazine.Hewouldneverhaveheardofatomicbombs,babysitters,flyingsaucersorcontactlenses,orofmambo,microfilm,nylons,orsmog.

ManynewwordshavebeenaddedtotheEnglishlanguageinthepastfortyyears;andsinceShakespeare’stimethenumberofwordsinthelanguagehasincreasedmorethanfivetimes,fromabout140,000tosomewherebetween700,000and800,000.Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage.

Thelanguagehasalwayschanged,buttherateofchangehasbeenuneven;minorchangeshaveslowlyaccumulatedineverygeneration,buttherehavebeenperiodsofrapidchangeaswell.Themostimportantoftheseperiodsoccurredduringthetwohundredandfiftyyearsafter1066,theyeartheNormansconqueredEngland.Beforetheconquest,theinhabitantsofEnglishspokeAnglo-Saxon,acomplexGermaniclanguage.TheNormanswereNorsemenwhosettledinnorthernFranceinthetenthcenturyandby1066werespeakingaformofFrench.AftertheirconquestofEnglandtheyinstitutedNormanFrenchasthedominantlanguage—thelanguageoftheupperclasses,oflaw,ofgovernmentandofsuchcommerceastherewas.

Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses,asEnglish,andhaditbecomeaflexible,exact,splendidandmovinginstrumentofexpression.NormanFrench,meanwhile,hadbecomesomethingcomicspokenbythevillainsintheoldmysteryplaysjustforalaugh.

Theseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,duringwhichprintingbecomeestablished,sawthestabilizationofspellingand,moreimportant,theestablishmentofcoloniesinAmerica.Immediatelythelanguageofthenewworldandthatoftheoldworldbegantodrawapart.Inwriting,too,achangehastakenplace.TheuseofthecolloquialinAmericanwritingisincreasingratherthandiminishing.Theincreasinguseofthecolloquialinourwritingisaninterestingchangethatisboundtohavefar-reachingconsequences.

Theenormousenlargementofourvocabulary,theincreasinguseofourwritingofthespokenidiom,andchangesinourpronunciationarenottheonlychangesthattakingplace,however.Therehavealsobeensignificantgrammaticalalternationsinourlanguage.Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians;yeteventhelaymancanperceivethemwhenheistoldthatsomethingseems"quiteallright"tohimthatregardedaserroneousonlyafewyearsago.

Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade,perhapsweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.Ifthisisso,itmaymarkachangeassignificantasthattookplaceaftertheNormanconquest.

Whateverthereasonsforthechangesthataretakingplace,thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand,becausetheexpansionofourknowledgeandexperiencerequirestheinventionofnewwordsortheadaptationofoldones.Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants.Pronunciation,becauseofthegreatmobilityofourpopulationandthespreadofradioandtelevision,willtendtobecomemoreuniform.

1.Whatwillprobablyhappentothevocabularyaccordingtotheauthor?

2.ThemostimportantchangeoflanguageinEnglandafter1066wasthat（）.

3.Whydidgrammaticalalterationchangestakeplaceunnoticed?

4.Whyareallthesechangesbeingmade?

5.Accordingtothispassage,mostofthenewwordsarefrom（）.

问题1选项

A.Themeaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorder.

B.Thespellingwillbecomesimpler.

C.Theamountofvocabularywillcontinuetoexpand.

D.Allofabove.

问题2选项

A.ThepeopleinEnglandcan’tspeakAngloSaxon

B.TheofficiallanguagehaschangefromAnglo-SaxonlanguagetoNormanFrench

C.TheAnglo-Saxonwasinstitutedasthedominantlanguage

D.ThemasseswentonspeakingNormanFrench

问题3选项

A.Becausethechangesgraduallytakeplacebygenerationsordecades.

B.Becausegrammaticalalterationsarenotimportantcomparedwiththeotherchanges.

C.Becauseonlygrammarianscanperceivethealteration.

D.Becausethelaymancannotperceivethealternations.

问题4选项

A.Inordertomeettherequirementofthedevelopmentoflanguage.

B.Becauseweneedtochangethelanguagetocopewithgrammar.

C.Nobodyknowstheexactreasons.

D.Becauseweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.

问题5选项

A.borrowing

B.thenaturalgrowthoflanguage

C.combinationoftwooldwords

D.dailynewspaperormagazine

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据作者的观点，词汇可能会发生什么变化？”文章最后一段第一句话提到“词汇量可能继续扩大”（thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand），因此可知选项C表述正确；接下来提到“意义将越来越取决于词序和上下文，并且拼写将变得简单”（Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants），因此可知选项A与B表述正确。综上，选项D“以上都是”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“1066年以后，英国最重要的语言变化是……”文章第四段第一句话提到“尽管如此，大众还是继续说盎格鲁-萨克逊语，并且将它重建为上层阶级的语言”（Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses），因此选项C“盎格鲁-萨克逊被设置成主导语言”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么语法上的变化不被注意？”文章第六段提到“这样的变化（指语法变化）最快也不过几代人或几十年，所以除了语法学家，其他人都没有注意到”（Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians），因此选项A“因为变化是在几代人或几十年里发生”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么做这些改变？”文章倒数第二段提到“没有人知道为什么做出这些改变”（Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade），因此选项C符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，大部分新单词来源于……”文章第二段最后一句话提到“这些新词大多不是借用而来，而是从语言的自然发展中来的”（Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage），因此选项B符合题意。

6.不定项选择题

Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.

Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.

Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes.

Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability?Thatisforyoutodecide.

1.Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney（）.

2.Tothewriter,thefactthatwomenchangetheirold-fashioneddressesisseenas（）.

3.Thewriterwouldbelesscriticaliffashiondesignersplacedmorestressonthe（）ofclothing.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Bysaying“theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious”（Para.4,Line1-2）,thewritermeansthat（）.

问题1选项

A.bymercilesslyexploitingwomenworkersintheclothingindustry

B.byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen’sclothing

C.becausetheyarecapableofpredictingnewfashions

D.becausetheyattachgreatimportancetoqualityinwomen’sclothing

问题2选项

A.awasteofmoney

B.anexpressionofcreativity

C.anexpressionoftaste

D.awasteoftime

问题3选项

A.cost

B.appearance

C.comfort

D.suitability

问题4选项

A.Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedforthecommercialexploitationofwomen.

B.Theconstantchangesinwomen’sclothingreflecttheirstrengthofcharacter.

C.Thefashionindustrymakesanimportantcontributiontosociety.

D.Fashiondesignsshouldnotbeencouragedsincetheyareonlywelcomedbywomen.

问题5选项

A.women’sinconstancyintheirchoiceofclothingisoftenlaughedat

B.menaremorereasonableinthematteroffashion

C.menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesigners

D.womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfort

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores（因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会颤抖，她们总是被设计师和大商店利用）以及第二段第一句Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn（时尚的变化只不过是故意制造浪费。许多妇女每年花大量的钱来更换几乎没穿过的衣服）可以判断出B选项“通过不断改变妇女服装的时尚”正确；A选项“通过残酷剥削服装业的女工”和C选项“因为他们能预测新时尚”错误，原文并没有提及；根据第三段第二句Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability（时装设计师很少关注保暖、舒适和耐用等重要因素）可以得知D选项“因为他们非常重视妇女服装的质量”错误；因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。根据原文第二段第三句Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave（那些不能以这种方式扔掉衣服的女人，会浪费她们的时间来修改她们已有的衣服），可知D选项“浪费时间”正确；根据第二段第二句Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn（许多妇女每年花大量的钱来更换几乎没穿过的衣服）可以得知A选项“浪费钱”错误，题目问的是作者对于女性改变她们老式服装这件事的态度；B选项“一种创造力的表达”以及C选项“一种品味的表达”在文中都没有提到；因此D选项符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。根据第三段Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.（时装设计师很少关注保暖、舒适和耐用等重要因素。他们只对外表感兴趣，并利用女人只要看起来漂亮就会忍受种种不适这一事实）可以判断出C选项“舒适”正确以及B选项“外貌，外观；出现，露面”错误；根据原文第一段Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.（如果女人们年复一年地被无情地剥削，那只能怪她们自己。因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会颤抖，她们总是被设计师和大商店利用）可知作者认为时尚界是在利用女性，并且认为时尚圈没有对社会做出真正的贡献，因此A选项“费用，代价，成本”并不是作者所考虑的内容；D选项“适合；适当”在文章中未提及；因此C选项符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。根据原文第一段第一二句Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores（如果女人们年复一年地被无情地剥削，那只能怪她们自己。因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会颤抖，她们总是被设计师和大商店利用），可知A选项“时装的新款式是为对女性的商业剥削而创造的”正确；B选项“女人服装的不断变化反映了她们性格的力量”和D选项“时尚设计不应该被鼓励，因为它们只受女性欢迎”未在原文中提起；根据第三段第一句Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety（没有人能说时尚产业对社会做出了真正重要的贡献）可以得知C选项“时尚产业对社会做出了重要的贡献”错误；因此A选项符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到最后一段第一句Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.（当把男人和女人在时尚方面进行比较时，得出的结论是显而易见的）以及第三句Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.（男人很聪明，不会让时装设计师欺骗自己）可以判断出B选项“男人在时尚问题上更讲道理”正确；根据原文倒数第二段最后一句Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes（几乎每个男人在他的一生中，看到一个女人在冬天穿着单薄的衣服瑟瑟发抖，或者穿着高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里小心翼翼地行走时，都会微笑）可知A选项“女人在衣着选择上的反复无常经常被嘲笑”错误，和原文表达的含义不符合；C选项“男人们也被时装设计师极大地利用了”在文章中未提及；根据文章倒数第二段theytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright（他们利用女人只要看起来漂亮就会忍受种种不适这一事实）可知文章只是说利用这件事，并不是说女人更能忍受不适，也不是题目所问的结论指代的内容，D选项“女人更能忍受不适”错误；因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Shamsanddelusionsareesteemedforsoundesttruths,whilerealityisfabulous.Ifmenwouldsteadilyobserverealitiesonly,andnotallowthemselvestobedeluded,life,tocompareitwithsuchthingsasweknow,wouldbelikeafairytaleandtheArabianNights5Entertainments.Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.Whenweareunhurriedandwise,weperceivethatonlygreatandworthythinghaveanypermanentandabsoluteexistence,andthatpettyfearsandpettypleasurearebuttheshadowofreality.Thisisalwaysexhilaratingandsublime.Byclosingtheeyesandslumbering,byconsentingtobedeceivedbyshows,menestablishandconfirmtheirdailylifeofroutineandhabiteverywhere,whichstillisbuiltonpurelyillusoryfoundation.Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinktheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.IhavereadinaHindoobook,that“therewasaking’sson,who,beingexpelledininfancyfromhisnativecity,wasbroughtupbyaforester,and,growinguptomaturityinthatstate,imaginedhimselftobelongtothebarbarousracewithwhichhelived.Oneofhisfather'sministershavingdiscoveredhim.revealedtohimwhathewas,andthemisconceptionofhischaracterwasremoved,andheknewhimselftobeaprince.Sosoul,fromthecircumstancesinwhichitisplaced,mistakesitsowncharacter,untilthetruthisrevealedtoitbysomeholyteacher,andthenitknowsitselftobeBrahma.“Wethinkthatiswhichappearstobe.Ifamanshouldgiveusanaccountoftherealitieshebeheld,weshouldnotrecognizetheplaceinhisdescription.Lookatameeting-house,oracourt-house,orajail,orashop,oradwelling-house,andsaywhatthatthingreallyisbeforeatruegaze,andtheywouldallgotopiecesinyouraccountofthem.Menesteemtruthremote,intheoutskirtsofthesystem,behindthefartheststar,beforeAdamandafterthelastman.Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions;whetherwetravelfastorslow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen.Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatachild（）.

2.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithurgingthereaderto（）.

3.Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheartsis（）.

4.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithproblemof（）.

问题1选项

A.frequentlyfacesvitalproblemsbetterthangrownupsdo

B.shouldpracticewhattheHindoospreach

C.hardlyeverknowshistrueorigin

D.isincapableofappreciatingthearts

问题2选项

A.looktothefutureforenlightenment

B.honorthewisdomofthepastages

C.appraisethepresentforitstruevalue

D.spendmoretimeinleisureactivities

问题3选项

A.suspicion

B.admiration

C.indifference

D.repulsion

问题4选项

A.historyandeconomics

B.biologyandphysics

C.theologyandphilosophy

D.societyandpopulation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为一个孩子……”。文章提到“凭借着失败的经验而认为自己更加聪明的大人们，嬉戏地生活着的孩子，比那些不能有价值生活的人更能发现生活的规律和各种关系”（Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinktheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure），因此选项A符合题意，嬉戏地生活着的孩子比成人更好地面对生活中的一些问题。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者主要关系的是敦促读者……”。文章后面提到我们只有通过不断灌输和参悟周围的现实，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣（Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus），由此可知作者强调的是人们应该抓住现实，因此选项C符合题意。

3.观点态度题。题目问是的“作者对艺术的态度是什么？”文章提到“如果我们只尊重一切不可避免的，并有存在权利的事物，音乐和诗歌便将响彻街头”(Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets)，由此可知在作者看来，音乐和诗歌是有存在权利的，可以看出作者对其是持肯定态度的，因此选项B“赞赏”符合题意。indifference“冷淡”；suspicion“怀疑”。

4.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章主要是关于……的问题”。文章主要是从哲学层面来探讨人们应该重视现实这一个问题，并没有涉及到经济、人口和生物这些方面，因此选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Contestantswhodonot（）theregulationswillbedisqualified.

问题1选项

A.cooperatewith

B.complywith

C.approve

D.submitto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项cooperatewith“合作，协作”；B选项complywith“遵从，依照”；C选项approve“赞成”；D选项submitto“屈服，顺从”。句意：不遵守规定的参赛者将被取消参赛资格。本句表示遵守比赛规定。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Hehadgoneawayonbusinessandwouldnotreturntothehoteluntilthenextday.Ishouldhavetowaittill（）Icouldthankhimforthepresent.

问题1选项

A.afterwards

B.then

C.thenbefore

D.thentherefore

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他出差去了，第二天才会回旅馆。我应该等到那个时候才能表达对他送我礼物的感谢。分析题干结构，根据关键词till可知空白处首先应填入—个与thenextday意思相似的副词，即then；另外“Icouldthankhimforthepresent”这部分为时间状语，引导词应该用before，故答案选项为C。

10.不定项选择题

Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive.Someexpertsclaimtheansweristomakejobsmorevaried.Butdomorevariedjobsleadtogreaterproductivity?Thereisevidencetosuggestthatwhilevarietycertainlymakestheworkers’lifemoreenjoyable,itdoesnotactuallymakehimworkharder.Asfarasincreasingproductivityisconcerned,thevarietyisnotanimportantfactor.

Otherexpertsfeelthatgivingtheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownwayisimportantandthereisnodoubtthatthisistrue.Theproblemisthatthiskindoffreedomcannoteasilybegiveninthemodernfactorywithitscomplicatedmachinerywhichmustbeusedinafixedway.Thuswhilefreedomofchoicemaybeimportant,thereisusuallyverylittlethatcanbedonetocreateit.Anotherimportantconsiderationishowmucheachworkercontributestotheproductheismaking.Inmostfactoriestheworkerseesonlyonesmallpartoftheproduct.Somecarfactoriesarenowexperimentingwithhavingmanysmallproductionlinesratherthanlargeone,sothateachworkercontributesmoretotheproductionofthecarsonhisline.Itwouldseemthatnotonlyisthedegreeofworkers’contributionanimportantfactor,therefore,butitisalsoonewecandosomethingabout.

Towhatextentdoesmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity?Theworkersthemselvescertainlythinkthisisimportant.Butperhapstheywantmoremoneyonlybecausetheworktheydoissoboring.Moneyjustletsthemenjoytheirsparetimemore.Asimilarargumentmayexplaindemandsforshorterworkinghours.Perhapsifwesucceedinmakingtheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshorterworkinghoursbesoimportanttothem.

1.Whichofthesepossiblefactorsleadingtogreaterproductivityisnottrue?

2.Whydoworkerswantmoremoney?

3.Thelastsentenceinthispassagemeansthatifwesucceedinmakingworkers’jobsmoreinteresting,（）.

4.Inthispassage,theauthortellsus（）.

5.Theauthorofthispassageisprobablybya（）.

问题1选项

A.Tomakejobsmorevaried.

B.Demandsforlongerworkinghours.

C.Degreeofworkcontribution.

D.Togivetheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownway.

问题2选项

A.Becausetheirjobsaretooboring.

B.Inordertoenjoymoresparetime.

C.Tomaketheirjobsmoreinteresting.

D.Todemandshorterworkinghours.

问题3选项

A.theywillwantmoremoney

B.theywilldemandshorterworkinghours

C.moremoneyandshorterworkinghoursareimportantfactors

D.moremoneyandshorterworkinghourswillnotbesoimportanttothem

问题4选项

A.howtomaketheworkersmoreproductive

B.toacertainextentmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity

C.possiblefactorsleadingtogreaterefficiency

D.howtomakeworkers