2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号62

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

TheBeatGenerationisalabelappliedtoanon-conformistsocialmovementbeguninNewYorkCityinthe1950s.Itsmessagewascarriedbyagroupofwriterswhousedstream-of-consciousnessformstoexpresstheinsightsandlongingsofthosewhorejectedthemainstreamvaluesofthetimes.AlthoughtheBeatwritersproducedfewlastingworks,theirattitudesinspiredrockmusicartistsandsocialmovementsofthe1960sandbeyond.

Thetermbeatwascoinedin1964byHerbertHuncke.Hemeantittobeasynonymfortiedordownandout.In1948,thewordwasusedbyJackKerouacinhisphraseBeatGeneration,bywhichhechangedthereferencetomeanupbeatandbeatific.Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”

TheoriginalBeatswereagroupoffriendsfromNewYorkCitywhometinthemid-1940s.TheyincludedJackKerouac,AllenGinsberg,NealCassady,andWilliamS.Burroughs.ThatcoregroupmovedtoSanFrancisco,wheretheywerejoinedbythepoetLawrenceFerlinghettiandmanyothers.

ThefirstfamousworkofBeatliteraturewasthelongpoem,Howl,byAllenGinsberg.In1955,GinsbergreadthepoemaloudatagalleryinSanFrancisco,causingastirwithitsportrayalofdruguseandhomosexuality.ItsfamewasfueledbytheobscenitytrialofLawrenceFerlinghetti,whosoldthepoeminhisbookstore.ButFerlinghettiwasacquittedwhenthejudgeruledthattheworkdidhave“redeemingsocialimportance”andthuswasnotobscene.

ThemostsuccessfulBeatnovelistwasJackKerouac.Inhisbestnovel,OntheRoad,publishedin1957,KerouacdescribedanautomobiletriparoundtheUnitedStatesbyacharacterbasedonhimself,SalParadise,andDeanMoriarty,basedonKerouac’sfriendNealCassady.ThenovelmadeCassadyintoaculturaliconknownforhisirresponsiblelifestyle,womanizing,amorality,andlustforlife.

OntheRoadbecameknownasmuchforhowKerouacwroteitasforitscontent.Kerouacallegedlywashighonpillswhilehewroteit,andhetypeditonacontinuousscrollofpapersothathewouldnothavetointerrupthisthoughtsbychangingpaper.Heissaidtohavebelievedthat“thefirstthoughtisthebestthought”,andheclaimedthatheneverrevisedwhathewrote.Thoughhesaidthathewrotethebookinjustthreeweeks,thetruthisthathehadbeenplanningthenovelforyearsandthathewroteseveraldrafts.

AlsoinfluentialwasanovelbyWilliamS.Burroughs,NakedLunch,whichalsosurvivedanobscenitytrial.Inthatwork,Burroughs,whowasadrugaddicthimself,tellsofhisdrug-inducedfantasiesandhistravelsamongaddictsandcriminals.

Inthe1960s,thosewhofollowedBeatphilosophybecameknownashippiesoryippies.TheirculturewascenteredinSanFrancisco,whichbecameacenterofrockmusic,drugculture,andprotestagainstthewarinVietnam.

TheBeatGeneration’slastingcontributiontoliteratureisthatitencouragedwritingonmorepersonaltopics,includingthoseshowingtheunpleasantsidesofhumannatureandofsociety.Itvalidatedexpressionthroughinformal,conversationallanguageandmadeprofanityapermissibletoolforrevealinghumanfeelings.

26.Thewordcoinedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheNewYorkTimesMagazineinthepassage?

28.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofOntheRoad?

29.Thewordinterruptinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

30.Accordingtothepassage,Beatliteraturecanbestbedescribedas________.

问题1选项

A.invented

B.spread

C.minted

D.explained

问题2选项

A.ToshowtheoriginofthetermBeat.

B.ToidentifywhenthetermBeatGenerationbecamewidelyknown.

C.TonametheNewYorkTimesasaBeatnewspaper.

D.TogiveinformationaboutJohnClellonHolmes.

问题3选项

A.ItportraystherecklesslifestyleofAmericanyoungstersinthelate1950s.

B.ItwascompletedinashorttimewhileJackKerouacwasondrugs.

C.ItmadeNealCassadyanimportantsymbolofalibertinelifestyle.

D.ItisbasedontwocharacterstakingaroadtriparoundNorthAmerica.

问题4选项

A.suspend

B.introduce

C.express

D.exclaim

问题5选项

A.beingbannedbythecourts

B.havinglittlelastinginfluence

C.addressingpersonalfeelings,ofteninrebellionagainstsociety

D.expressingtheconservativeviewsofthe1950s

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】26.语义推测题。Coined意思是创造（新词等），根据第二段Thetermbeatwascoinedin1964byHerbertHuncke.In1948,thewordwasusedbyJackKerouac…Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”（beat这个词是由HerbertHuncke在1964年创造。1948年，杰克•凯鲁亚克使用了这个词……这个词在1952年约翰•克莱伦•霍姆斯在《纽约时报杂志》发表的一篇题为《这是垮掉的一代》的文章中才最终进入公众的意识。），可知第二段在讲beat这个词的前世今生，从来源到如今的运用，所以A选项“发明，创造；捏造”正确，B选项“传播”和D选项“解释”错误。C选项“新生产的”：根据时间推算不合理，故错误。因此A选项正确。

27.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”（这个词在1952年JohnClellonHolmes在《纽约时报杂志》上发表的一篇题为《这是垮掉的一代》的文章中才最终进入公众的意识），可知“垮掉的一代”因为时代杂志在1952年被广为人知，所以B选项“确定‘垮掉的一代’这个术语何时广为人知”正确，D选项“提供关于JohnClellonHolmes的信息”不是表达的重点，故错误。A选项“为了说明Beat这个词的起源”：这个词是HerbertHuncke创造的，故错误。C选项“纽约时报是一份垮掉的报纸”：不符合文章意思，故错误。因此B选项正确。

28.推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句ThenovelmadeCassadyintoaculturaliconknownforhisirresponsiblelifestyle,womanizing,amorality,andlustforlife.（这部小说使卡萨迪成为一个文化标签，以他不负责任的生活方式、好色、不道德和对生活的欲望而闻名。），可知人们把浪子和NealCassady联系在一起，所以C选项“这使得NealCassady成为放荡不羁的生活方式的重要代表”正确，A选项“描绘了20世纪50年代末美国年轻人鲁莽，不计后果的生活方式”中文化形象跟美国年轻人现实的生活方式不是一个概念，故错误。B选项“在JackKerouac吸毒的时候短时间完成”：根据第六段倒数第一句hehadbeenplanningthenovelforyearsandthathewroteseveraldrafts（他已经计划这本小说好几年了，并且写了好几次草稿），可知这部小说花了很长时间完成，故错误。D选项“基于两个人物在北美的公路旅行”：根据第五段第二句KerouacdescribedanautomobiletriparoundtheUnitedStatesbyacharacterbasedonhimself,SalParadise,andDeanMoriarty,basedonKerouac’sfriendNealCassady.（Kerouac描述了一个以他自己为原型的SalParadise和以他朋友NealCassady为原型的DeanMoriarty环游美国的公路旅行。），可知是环游美国而非在北美，故错误。因此C选项正确。

29.语义推测题。interrupt意思是中断，根据第六段第二句hetypeditonacontinuousscrollofpapersothathewouldnothavetointerrupthisthoughtsbychangingpaper.（他把这篇文章打印在一卷连续的纸上，这样就不会因为换纸而打断自己的想法），把文章打印在连续的纸张上，可知是想让想法也是连续的，推测interrupt和连续意思相反，所以A选项“暂停”符合题意，故正确。B选项“介绍”，C选项“表达”和D选项“惊叫”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

30.事实细节题。根据第九段第一句TheBeatGeneration’slastingcontributiontoliteratureisthatitencouragedwritingonmorepersonaltopics,includingthoseshowingtheunpleasantsidesofhumannatureandofsociety.（“垮掉的一代”对文学的长久贡献在于，它鼓励人们写更多关于个人的话题，包括那些显示人性和社会不愉快一面的话题。），可知垮掉的一代文学作品主要写个人感情，包括人性和社会中让人不悦的内容，所以C选项“处理个人感情，通常是对社会的反抗”正确，B选项“没有持久的影响”错误。A选项“被法院禁止”：根据第四段最后一句Ferlinghettiwasacquittedwhenthejudgeruledthattheworkdidhave“redeemingsocialimportance”andthuswasnotobscene.（但是当法官裁定这项工作确实具有“补偿性的社会重要性”，因此不是淫秽的时候，Ferlinghetti被无罪释放），可知这不被法院禁止，故错误。D选项“表达20世纪50年代的保守观点”：根据第八段Inthe1960s,thosewhofollowedBeatphilosophybecameknownashippiesoryippies.（在20世纪60年代，那些遵循垮掉哲学的人被称为嬉皮士或雅皮士。），可知垮掉的文学表达的是非传统的观点，故错误。因此C选项正确。

2.翻译题

41.我们必须全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力。

42.尽管财政收入增速放缓，支出压力加大，但我们要坚持以人为本，持续增加民生投入。

43.在基础设施、公共事业等领域，应积极推广政府和社会资本合作模式。

44.我们要全面推进依法治国，加快建设法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府。

45.中国节能环保市场潜力巨大，它可以成为新兴的支柱产业。

【答案】41.Inordertoinvigoratethemarkettooffsetdownwardeconomicpressure,wemustcomprehensivelydeepenreform.

42.Despitetheslowdowninthegrowthofgovernmentrevenueandincreasedpressureonexpenditures,wemustcontinuetoputpeoplefirst,sustainingincreasestospendinginareasthatareimportanttoimprovingstandardsofliving.

43.EffortsshouldbemadetopromotePublic-Private-Partnershipininfrastructure,publicutilitiesandotherareas.

44.Wewillfullypromotethelaw-basedgovernanceofthecountry;movemoreswiftlytobuildaninnovative,clean,service-orientedruleoflawgovernment.

45.ThereisenormouspotentialinChina’smarketforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection;energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustrycandevelopintoanewpillaroftheeconomy.

3.单选题

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytothesocalleddigitaldivide—thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthedividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.Astheinternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadinternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.Andthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheinternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwehaveeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisnottheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.Andtheinternetisnottheonlytoolwehave;butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedandanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructurefoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidnothavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure—includingroads,harbors,highways,ports,andsoon—werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,TheGermans,TheDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyouaregoingtobe.Thatdoesnotmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneedtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.

17.Digitaldivideissomething________.

18.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit________.

19.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof________.

20.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.

问题1选项

A.gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

B.therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

C.theworldmustguardagainst

D.consideredpositivetoday

问题2选项

A.offerseconomicpotentials

B.canbringforeignfunds

C.cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty

D.connectspeopleallovertheworld

问题3选项

A.providingfinancialsupportoverseas

B.preventingforeigncapitalcontrol

C.buildingindustrialinfrastructure

D.acceptingforeigninvestment

问题4选项

A.howwelldevelopeditiselectronically

B.whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants

C.whetheritadoptsAmerican’sindustrialpattern

D.howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】17.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.（20年前，我和妻子曾就这个逼近的危险发表过演讲。），可知数字鸿沟带来消极影响，应该受到重视，所以C选项“全世界必须防备的”正确，D选项“被视作积极”错误。A选项“因为互联网而变得更糟”：根据第二段第二句和第五句Astheinternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized…Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.（随着国际互联网越来越商业化……现在我认为，在未来几年，数字鸿沟将会缩小而不是扩大），可知数字鸿沟因为互联网而缩小，故错误。B选项“由发达国家造成的”：文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。

18.事实细节题。根据第二段第三句Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadinternetaccess.（越来越多的政府担心自己的国家会落后，想要普及互联网接入。），可知互联网可以帮助发展国家经济，所以A选项“带来经济发展潜力”正确。B选项“可以将资金从国外流入”和D选项“连接世界各地的人”：不是互联网能为国家带来的重要作用，故错误。C选项“能快速消除世界贫困”：根据第二段最后一句becausetheinternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwehaveeverhad.（因为互联网很可能是对抗我们曾经拥有的世界贫困的最强大的工具。），可知互联网不能快速消除贫困，故错误。因此A选项正确。

19.事实细节题。根据第三段第四句Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructurefoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.（那些仍然认为外国投资是对其主权的侵犯的国家，最好研究一下美国基础设施（一个社会的基本结构基础）的历史。），可知作者就外国投资的话题以美国为例，所以D选项“接受国外投资”正确。A选项“提供海外经济支持”，B选项“防止外国资本控制”和C选项“建设工业基础设施”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。

20.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三句ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyouaregoingtobe.（你拥有越多的外国资本来帮助建设第三次浪潮的基础设施，也就是现在的电子基础设施，你就会发展得越好。），可知电子基础设施在如今很大程度地影响发展，所以A选项“电子技术发展得多好”正确。B选项“是否对移民有偏见”，C选项“是否采用美国的工业模式”和D选项“它对外国公司有多少控制”：不是文章表达的重点，故错误。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Heknewthatthearea’srichplantlifehadbeenseverely______bythehugeherdsofcowsgrazingtheland.

问题1选项

A.depleted

B.decomposed

C.corrupted

D.corroded

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项depleted“耗尽……的资源”；B选项decomposed“分解”；C选项corrupted“使恶化；使腐败”；D选项corroded“腐蚀”。句意：他知道这个地区大量的植被已经被大量放牧的牛群严重______。根据语境，depleted“耗尽……的资源”搭配richplantlife“丰富的植物”比较合理，意指植被资源被严重消耗。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Nearlyalltreescontainsamixofpolymersthatcanburnlikepetroleum______properlyextracted.

问题1选项

A.after

B.if

C.whenit

D.is

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：几乎所有的树木都含有一种聚合物，如果提取得当，这种聚合物可以像石油一样燃烧。Nearlyalltreescontainsamixofpolymers是主句，thatcanburnlikepetroleum是修饰polymers的定语从句，横线到句子结尾是修饰burnlikepetroleum的条件状语从句；条件状语从句中省略了主语polymers，所以B选项if符合题意。A选项after后面用现在分词形式，后面的extracted是过去分词形式，不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Recorded______oftoday’sbigfootballgamewillbeshownafternews.

问题1选项

A.summits

B.peaks

C.heights

D.highlights

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项summits“最高点；首脑会议”；B选项peaks“高峰的（时期）；（过程、活动的）顶峰”；C选项heights“顶点；高潮”；D选项highlights“最精彩的部分”。句意：今天录制的足球______将在新闻之后播放。根据语境，这里指足球比赛的精华集锦，D选项highlights“最精彩的部分”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Despitehisoccasionalfondnessforgambling,heisstillconsideredasagoodboy______.

问题1选项

A.asthewhole

B.forthewhole

C.bythewhole

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项asthewhole和D选项onthewhole都意为“总的来说”，asthewhole强调把部分和整体作为为两方面，相当于分分结构，onthewhole强调整体包含部分，相当于分总结构；B选项forthewhole和C选项bythewhole非固定搭配。句意：尽管他有偶尔赌博的嗜好，______他仍然被认为是一个好孩子。根据语境，这里强调赌博的嗜好是整体是好孩子的一部分，D选项onthewhole符合题意。因此D选项正确。

8.翻译题

40.地球快速变暖到了非常严峻的程度，而世界上最贫穷的国家成了极端气候的最大受害者。未来的气候变化可能带来更频繁和更严重的洪涝、旱灾和其他极端气候事件，发展中国家至今还没有良好的能力对付它们。

41.即使现在，地球上最贫穷的十亿人口所产生的排放只占全球排放的3%，而最富有的十亿人口占了全球排放的50%。全球还有16亿人口无法获得现代能源，没有能源，国家就不能繁荣。富国只有采取强有力的行动以腾出一些大气层的“污染空间”，当低收入国家在将来开始更多排放时，才可能使全球排放达到重新平衡。

42.未来十年发生的事情将深刻影响可供我们后代进行的选择。延迟或不采取行动的代价是非常高的，我们必须现在就行动，必须用全人类的聪明才智和合作精神，来对付气候危机。

43.虽然越来越多的人都知道气候变暖，相信需要采取行动，但很少有人把它放在首位，太多的人在机会面前并没有采取行动。所以，最大的挑战在于改变行为方式和制度，尤其是富国。

【答案】40.Theplanetiswarmingrapidlytoseverelevels,andtheworld’spoorestcountriesarethebiggestvictimsofextremeweather.Futureclimatechangeislikelytobringmorefrequentandseverefloods,droughtsandotherextremeweathereventsthatdevelopingcountriesarenotyetwellequippedtodealwith.

41.Evennow,thepoorestbillionpeopleontheplanetaccountforonly3%ofglobalemissions,whiletherichestbillionpeopleaccountfor50%.Andtherearestill1.6billionpeopleintheworldwhodonothaveaccesstomodernenergy.Acountrycannotprosperwithoutenergy.Rebalancingglobalemissionswillbepossibleonlyifrichcountriestakestrongactiontofreeupsomeatmospheric“pollutionspace”,thuslow-incomecountriesstarttoemitmoreinthefuture.

42.Whathappensinthenextdecadewillprofoundlyaffectthechoicesavailabletofuturegenerations.Thecostsofdelayorinactionaretoohigh,andwemustactnowtotackletheclimatecrisiswiththeingenuityandcooperationofallhumanity.

43.Althoughagrowingnumberofpeopleareawareofglobalwarmingandbelievethatactionisneeded,fewputitfirst,andtoomanypeopledonottakeactioninthefaceofopportunity.Sothebiggestchallengeisaboutchangingbehaviorandsystem,especiallyinrichcountries.

9.单选题

ThegeneticcharacteristicsofalllifeformsonearthareembodiedinthechemicalstructureofDNAmolecule.Anorganism’sDNAmoleculesprovideacompleteblueprintforitsphysicalmakeup.GeneticengineeringistheprocessofalteringtheDNAgeneticcodetocharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.Forhundredsofyears,humanshaveengineeredthedevelopmentoffoodcropsanddomesticatedanimalsthroughselectivebreedingpractices.Forexample,themoderndairycowistheresultofcenturiesofcarefullybreedingindividualanimalsthatcarriedthegenetictraitforhighmilkproduction.However,newtechnologymakesitpossibleforscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthisobtainsmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicingthepiecesaccordingtoanewpattern.ThegenesplicedDNAmoleculemayhaveageneticcodethathasneverexistedbefore.

AlthoughrecombinantDNAtechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,ithasalreadydemonstrateditsvalue.Newcropbreedsproducedbyhisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulinandinterferoncheaply.Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdragstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.However,therecombinantDNAtechnologybringswithitproblemsoursocietyhasnotpreviouslyfaced.Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoralpolitical,andsocialissues.Geneticengineeringillustratesdramaticallythepromisesandangersoftechnologicaldevelopment.Thedecisionsoursocietymakesaboutgeneticengineeringwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesintheyearstocome.

31.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.

32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutrecombinantDNAtechnology?

33.Theword“alleviate”inparagraph2isnearestinmeaningto________.

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.

35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgenetictechnologiesis________.

问题1选项

A.TheBasicFunctionofGeneticEngineering

B.NewApplicationsofGeneticEngineering

C.RecombinantDNATechnology,ANewProcessinGeneticEngineering

D.ThePromises&DangersofTechnologicalDevelopment

问题2选项

A.Itcanbringaboutrapidandradicalgeneticchangesinlifeforms.

B.ItcanbeusedtorestructureDNAmoleculestoproducenewdesiredplantandanimalbreeds.

C.Itmayincreasetheriskofproducingsomeunexpecteddiseases.

D.Itprovesaneffectivewaytocurecancerandotherincurablediseases.

问题3选项

A.relieve

B.avoid

C.eliminate

D.terminate

问题4选项

A.therewillinevitablybeaheateddebateoverthegeneralapplicationoftherecombinantDNAtechnology

B.theuseoftherecombinantDNAtechnologyonhumanbeingswillbeforbidden

C.therecombinantDNAtechnologycanbetracedbacktohundredsofyearsago

D.seriousdilemmasmaybegeneratedwhenitisusedtomodifyhumangeneticcode

问题5选项

A.enthusiastic

B.indifferent

C.critical

D.objective

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】31.主旨大意题。第一段倒数第二句ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnology（这种新过程通常被称为DNA重组技术），随后文章讲DNA重组技术的好与坏，所以C选项“重组DNA技术，基因工程的新方法”正确。A选项“基因工程的基本功能”，B选项“基因工程的新应用”和D选项“技术发展的承诺与危险”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

32.推理判断题。A选项“能给生命形式带来迅速而彻底的基因变化”：根据第一段倒数第三句restructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthisobtainsmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.（重组DNA分子本身，从而获得比过去更迅速、更彻底的基因变化。），符合题意。B选项“可以用来重组DNA分子来产生新的想要的植物和动物品种”：根据第二段第二句Newcropbreedsproducedbyhisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.（通过这种方法生产的新作物品种已经在农民的田地里生长。），符合题意。C选项“可能会增加产生一些意想不到的疾病的风险”：根据第二段第七句Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.（基因剪接可以产生新的疾病微生物，对我们或我们所依赖的动植物都是致命的。），符合题意。D选项“被证明是治疗癌症和其他不治之症的有效方法”：根据第二段第五句Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdragstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.（他们还致力于用基因工程制造出一代神奇的药物来对抗癌症和其他致命疾病。），这不证明是有效的，不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

33.语义推测题。alleviate的意思是“缓解，减轻”。根据第二段第三句Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.（转基因作物可以抵抗害虫、疾病和干旱，这可能是减轻世界各地饥饿的重要努力。），世界各地的饥饿情况只能缓解，所以A选项“缓解，减轻”正确。B选项“避免”，C选项“消除”和D选项“终止”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

34.推理判断题。A选项“重组DNA技术的普遍应用将不可避免地引发一场激烈的辩论”和C选项“重组DNA技术可以追溯到几百年前”：文章没有提到。B选项“重组DNA技术在人类身上的使用将被禁止”：根据第二段第四句Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulinandinterferoncheaply.（科学家们正试图利用基因工程便宜地生产胰岛素和干扰素等重要药物。），可知重组DNA技术已经在人类身上使用，没有提到在未来会被禁止，不符合题意。D选项“当它被用来修改人类遗传密码时，可能会产生严重的困境”：根据第二段倒数第三句Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoralpolitical,andsocialissues.（改变人类基因结构的可能性引发了严重的道德、政治和社会问题。），符合题意。因此D选项正确。

35.观点态度题。作者同时描述了DNA重组技术带来的好与坏，同时进行例证，所以D选项“客观”正确。A选项“热心”，B选项“冷漠”和C选项“批判”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Thoughsometimestoolazytoworkashardashersisters,Lindahasamoreavidfondnessforthelimelight.

问题1选项

A.mercurial

B.gallant

C.ardent

D.frugal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mercurial“多变的；活泼的；机智的”；B选项gallant“英勇的”；C选项ardent“热烈的”；D选项frugal“节俭的”。句意：虽然琳达有时太懒，不像她的姐妹们那样努力工作，但她对引人注目更热烈地喜欢。根据语境，C选项ardent“热烈的”搭配fondness“喜好”比较合理，和avid“热衷的”同义，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

______anypreviousexperience,Johndoesn’tstandachanceofgettingthatjob.

问题1选项

A.Nothaving

B.Nothavinghad

C.Havingnot

D.Havingnothad

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：约翰因为没有相关经验，没有机会得到那份工作。句子前半部分是后半部分的现在分词的否定形式是notdoing，A选项Nothaving符合题意，C选项用法错误。非谓语动词不体现时态，B选项Nothavinghad是现在完成时，D选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypesoftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineledtheresearchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.“Thesefindingssuggestedthathumanevolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedforequallyintelligentbehavior,”saidHaier,addingthat,“bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.”

TheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournalNeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthisstudymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics,Jungsaid,whilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferentactivitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellonbroadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.

Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.Thismatchesupwellwithclinicaldatathatshowsfrontallobedamageinwomentobemuchmoredestructivethanthesametypeofdamageinmen.BothHaierandJunghopethatthisresearchwillsomedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosebraindisordersinmenandwomenearlier,aswellasprovidehelpdesigningmoreeffectiveandprecisetreatmentsforbraindamage.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtoparagraph1?

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,thisdiscoveryissignificantbecause________.

23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgraybrainmatter?

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutwhitebrainmatter?

25.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhat________.

问题1选项

A.Thebrainisamonolithicorgan.

B.Intellectualabilitydependsonwhichpartofthebrainisused.

C.Intellectualabilityvariesbetweenmenandwomen.

D.Theanatomyofmen’sbrainsandwomen’sbrainsdiffer.

问题2选项

A.itisnecessarytounderstandtheanatomyofthebrainwhendealingwithdiseasesthataffectthoughtprocesses

B.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligent

C.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligentoverall,butspecializeindifferentwaysofthinking

D.manydiseasesofthebrainarespecifictogenderortheother

问题3选项

A.Ithelpsputtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

B.Itisusedforprocessinginformation.

C.Thereislessofitinmen’sbrains.

D.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofgraybrainmatterandmathematicalability.

问题4选项

A.Womenhavemoreofitthanmen.

B.Itisusedforputtingtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

C.Thereisdirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofwhitebrainmatterandlinguisticability.