2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号24

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

1.

问题1选项

A.Thewoman’sconditioniscritical.

B.Thewomanhasbeenpickingupquitewell.

C.Thewoman’sillnesswascausedbyamosquitobite.

D.Thewomanwon’tseethedoctoranymore.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Well,justkeepyourarmstraightthere.Fine,therewillbealittlepricklikeamosquitobite.OK?Therewego.Ok,Iwillsendthatsampleoffandwe’llcheckit.Ifthesampleisok,wewon’tneedtogoonseeingyouanymore.

W:SoyouthinkI’mgettingbetter?

M:Absolutely.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?

【解析】细节题。女士问医生自己是否好转，医生回答当然。

2.单选题

10.

问题1选项

A.Shehasdevelopedallergies.

B.Shedoesn’tknowwhatallergiesare.

C.Shedoesn’thaveanyallergies.

D.Shehasallergiestreatedalready.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Howaboutallergies?

W:NotthatI’mawareof.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】对话中男士问女士过敏情况怎么样了，女士说不是认为的那样，即她没过敏。

3.单选题

14.

问题1选项

A.Saturdaymorning.

B.Saturdaynight.

C.Sundayafternoon.

D.Nextweekend.

【答案】D

【解析】W:IfyougotothefootballgameonSaturdaynightandconcertorplayonSunday,youwon’thavemuchtimetostudy.

M:Well,Icandothattheweekendafterthisone.

Q:Whendoesthemanplantostudy?

【解析】男士说：Icandothattheweekend(我可以下周末再做)。

4.单选题

HesaysthatconstantthirstisanundesirableeffectofchemotherapyforwhichnoremedyexistsinWesternmedicalpractice,butcertainherbsdoprovidereliefforsuchpatients.

问题1选项

A.protection

B.provision

C.theory

D.therapy

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.protection保护B.provision条款

C.theory理论D.therapy治疗；疗法

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】划线词前的句子意思为“他说，持续的口渴是化疗的不良效果（Hesaysthatconstantthirstisanundesirableeffectofchemotherapy）”，划线词后的句意为“但某些草药确实可以缓解这类患者的症状”，由后半句句意“缓解这类患者的症状”可知西方医学是没有真正能解决化疗的不良效果的方法，即治疗方法，所以D选项“治疗，疗法”符合句意。划线单词remedy“补救措施”。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。

【句意】他说，持续的口渴是化疗的不良后果，在西方医学实践中没有任何补救措施，但某些草药确实为这类病人提供缓解。

5.单选题

7.

问题1选项

A.Heistheheadofthehospital.

B.HeisinchargeofPediatrics.

C.HewentoutlookingforDan.

D.HewenttoMichiganonbusiness.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Hello,thisisDonNorthfromPediatrics.I’dlikeawordwithDoctorWilsonifit’spossible.

W:I’msorry,butheleftforMichigantoattendaconferencethismorning.Hewasinfactlookingforyoujustbeforeheleft.

Q:WhatistrueaboutDoctorWilson?

【解析】细节题。对话中说到：heleftforMichigantoattendaconferencethismorning，即DoctorWilson今早前往密歇根参加会议。

6.单选题

问题1选项

A.Itcanimprovepeople'smood

B.Itmaycauseweightloss

C.itcanincreasetheinsulinsensitivity

D.Itmaycauseabnormalbloodsugar

问题2选项

A.ltcanresetthebody'smetabolicclock

B.Itcannotresetthebody'smetabolicclack

C.ltmayreducetheriskofdiabetes

D.Itmayincreaseinsulinsensitivity

问题3选项

A.Emphasizetheimportanceofrecoverysleep

B.Emphasizetheimportanceofsufficientsleep

C.Therelationshipbetweensleepandhealth

D.Theeffectsofcycleofsufficientandinsufficientsleeptohealth

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

【解析】第1题:由文中可知，充足和不充足的睡眠周期会导致体重增加、胰岛素敏感性下降，血糖异常，因此D选项正确。

第2题:它不能重置身体的新陈代谢。最后一句说到“Theso-calledrecoverysleepcannotresetthebody'smetabolicclock（所谓的恢复性睡眠不能重置身体的新陈代谢时钟）”，因此恢复性睡眠并不能重置身体的新陈代谢。B选项正确。

第3题:本篇短文说到的睡眠不足和睡眠充足和健康之间的关系，因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

问题1选项

A.Managementofcancerpatients.

B.Reliefoftheworriesofcaregivers.

C.Emotionalstrugglewhilecaregiving.

D.Emotionalsupportforcancerpatients.

【答案】C

【解析】15.M:DoctorWhite.I’vebeenacancerpatientandacaregiver,toa,cancerpatient.Iknowkayakingwashard.Whatwasgoingonemotionally?Thatseemedsohard.

W:Whenyou’recaregiving,you’reundergoingchronicstress.You’reworryingaboutyourlovedone.

Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这两个人在讨论什么？由文中“Whenyou’recaregiving,you’reundergoingchronicstress.You’reworryingaboutyourlovedone.（当你做护理时，你承受着长期的压力。你在为你在乎的人担心）”，可知C选项“Emotionalstrugglewhilecaregiving（护理过程中的情感斗争）”符合原文。A选项“癌症患者的管理”；B选项“减轻照顾者的忧虑”；D选项“对患者的情感支持”不符合原文。

8.单选题

问题1选项

A.Thewomanneedsatreatment.

B.Thewomandidn’tgetpaidthisweek.

C.Themanwillprobablypayforthedinner.

D.Themanwillsplitthebillwiththewoman.

【答案】C

【解析】6.M:Let’seatouttonight,shallwe?

W:I’mbroke.I’vegonethroughmypaycheckfortheweekalready.

M:Don’tworryaboutit.It’smytreat.

Q:What’scanbeinferredfromtheconversation.

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：从这段交谈中可以得出什么？由文中“Don’tworryaboutit.It’smytreat.（不用担心，我请客）”，可知C选项“Themanwillprobablypayforthedinner.（男士有可能买单）”符合原文。A选项“这个女人需要治疗”；B选项“这个女人这周没有拿到工资”；D选项“男士将与女士AA制”不符合原文。

9.单选题

Fluoridedeterstoothdecaybyreducingthegrowthofbacteriathatdestroytoothenamel.

问题1选项

A.inhibits

B.loosens

C.hastens

D.triggers

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.inhibits抑制；禁止B.loosens放松；松开

C.hastens加速；催化D.triggers引发；触发

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】由本句句意可知破坏细菌的生长可以“阻止”蛀牙，所以A选项“抑制，禁止”符合题意。划线单词deters“阻止”。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合题意。

【句意】氟化物通过减少破坏牙釉质的细菌的生长来阻止蛀牙。

10.单选题

5.

问题1选项

A.Inahotel.

B.Atafastfoodbar.

C.Inthesupermarket.

D.Inthedepartmentstore.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Ican’tfindtheinstantsoup.

W:Didyoulooknexttothecannedsoup?

M:Ilookedthere.Butthereisn'tanythingontheshelf.

W:Whydon’tyoutrythespicesection?Itoughttobethere.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

【解析】推断题。对话中出现的关键词有：instantsoup(速溶汤粉)，cannedsoup(罐装浓汤)，spicesection(香料货架)，由此推测对话发生在自选超市。

11.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.About90.000

B.About100.000

C.Severalhundreds

D.About5.000

问题2选项

A.WarningfromGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.

B.WarningfromtheKenyaHealthMinistry.

C.Experiencesgainedfromthe1997outbreak.

D.ProperandpromptaidfromNASA(美国国家航空航天局).

问题3选项

A.Distributingmosquitonets.

B.Persuadingpeoplenottoslaughteranimals.

C.Urgingpeoplenottoeatanimals.

D.Dispatchingdoctorstotheepidemic-strickenarea.

问题4选项

A.ThehighersurfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOcean.

B.Theshort-livedmosquitothatwerethehostsoftheviruses.

C.ThewarmanddryweatherintheHornofAfrica.

D.Theheavybuttheintermittentrains.

问题5选项

A.WarningfromNASA.

B.HowtotreatRiftValleyFever(裂谷热).

C.ThedisastrouseffectsofRiftValleyFever.

D.Satellitesandglobalhealth-remotediagnosis.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】InDecember1997largenumbersofcattle,goatsandsheepbegandyingintheGarissadistrictofnorth-easternKenya.Amonthlaterpeoplestarteddying,too.Itwas,atthetime,thebiggestrecordedoutbreakofRiftValleyfeverinEastAfrica.(26)Some100,000stockanimalssuccumbedandabout90,000peoplewereinfected,hundredsfatallyinfivecountries.

InDecember2007thesamethinghappened.Or,ratheritstartedtohappenbutwasstoppedinitstracks.(27)Thedifferencewasthatthesecondtimearoundtherewaswarning.InSeptemberresearchersattheGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,Greenbelt,Maryland,partofAmerica’sspaceagency,NASA,toldtheauthoritiesinKenyathattheyhadaproblem.TheytoldthemagaininOctober.AndagaininNovember.Bythetimetheepidemicemerged(28)theKenyanhealthministryhaddispatchedteamstotheareatodistributemosquitonetsandurgevillageleadersandreligiousauthoritiestostoppeopleslaughteringandeatinganimals.Throughtheoutbreakstillkilled300peopleinKenya,SomaliaandTanzania,itcouldhavebeenalotworse.AccordingtoKennethLinthicumofAmerica’sDepartmentofAgriculture,thenumberofdeathswouldprobablyhavebeenmorethantwiceashighwithoutthewarning.

(30)ThewarningitselfwaspossiblebecauseofamodelofhowdiseasespreadsthatDr.Linthicumhelpeddesign.Andthedatathatwerepluggedintothatmodelcamefromsatellites.

WhattheresearchersatGoddardhadnoticedatthetimeofthefirstoutbreakwasthatinthemonthsprecedingit,surfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOceanhadrisenbyhalfadegree.(29)Thesehighertemperaturesbroughtheavyandsustainedrains,cloudcoverandwarmerairtomuchoftheHornofAfrica.Mosquitoesmultipliedwildly,andlivedlongenoughforthevirusthatcausesthefevertodeveloptothepointwhereitiseasilytransmissible.InSeptember2007theresearcherssawthesamethinghappeningintheocean,andsuspectedthesameconsequenceswouldfollow.

26.HowmanystockanimalsdiedattheresultofoutbreakofRiftValleyfeverin1997?

【解析】根据录音中的“Some10.000stockanimalssuccumbedandabout90,000peoplewereinfected,hundredsfatallyinfivecountries.”可知，本题答案为B。

27.WhathelpedstoptheoutbreakofRiftValleyfeverin2007?

【解析】从录音中“Thedifferencewasthatthesecondtimearoundtherewaswarning.…partofAmerica’sspaceagency,NASA,toldtheauthoritiesinKenyathattheyhadaproblem.TheytoldthemagaininOctober.AndagaininNovember.”可知，第二次的区别在于有来自NASA及时而准确的警告。故本题答案为D。

28.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasthemajortopreventin2007outbreakspreading?

【解析】从录音中“..theKenyanhealthministryhaddispatchedteamstotheareatodistributemosquitonetsandurgevillageleadersandreligiousauthoritiestostoppeopleslaughteringandeatinganimals.”可知，只有D选项不是制止瘟疫肆虐的举措。

29.WhattriggerthetwooutbreaksoftheRiftValleyfeverinAfrica?

【解析】从录音中“surfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOceanhadrisenbyhalfadegree.”可知，A是正确答案，B选项应该改成long-livedmosquitoes,C项应为“cloudcoverandwarmerairintheHornofAfrica”，D项应为“heavyandsustainedrains”。

30.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

【解析】该录音主要内容是从NASA给予肯尼亚及时迅捷的警示，使其在2007年瘟疫爆发的时候避免了10年前的厄运。因此A选项是正确答案（来自NASA的警告）。

12.单选题

问题1选项

A.Minor

B.Moderate.

C.Intense.

D.Severe.

【答案】A

【解析】10.M:Howstrongisthepainexactly?Onascaleof1to10,howwouldyoudescribetheintensityofthepain?

W:I’dsaythepainisaboutoneonascaleof1to10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.Itjustkeepscomingback.

Q:Whichofthefollowingwouldbestdescribethewoman’spain?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：以下哪个最能准确描述这个女士的伤痛？由文中“I’dsaythepainisaboutoneonascaleof1to10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.（我想说痛感是1到10等级的第一级。就像我说的，并不算很痛）”，可知A选项“Minor（轻度）”符合原文。B选项“中等的”；C选项“强烈的”；D选项“剧烈的”不符合原文。

13.单选题

14.

问题1选项

A.Thewomanistoooptimisticaboutthestocksmarket.

B.Thewomanwillevenlosemoremoneyatthestockmarket.

C.Thestockmarketbubblewillcontinuetogrow.

D.Thestockmarketbubblewillsoonmeetitsdemise.

【答案】A

【解析】W:IthinkIcouldrecoverthecoughattheendofthisyear.

M:I’msorrytoburstyourbubble,butthestockindexstillrangesbetween1900and2900afterayear.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】常用习语。女士认为今年年底该站稳了（股市会反弹），男士说：I’msorrytoburstyourbubble，即认为女士过于乐观。

14.单选题

10.

问题1选项

A.100.

B.232.

C.132.

D.332.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Thereareonly100passengersonthisairplane.

W:Thatleaves132emptyseats.

Q:Howmanyseatsarethereonthisairplane?

【解析】计算题。男士说飞机上现有乘客100个，女士说还有132个空位。因此飞机总共可以容纳232个乘客。

15.单选题

13.

问题1选项

A.Youmayfindmanyofthemonthebookseller’shelves.

B.Youcanbuyitfromalmosteverybookstore.

C.It’saverypopularmagazine.

D.Itdoesn’tsellverywell.

【答案】C

【解析】M:HaveyouheardofthemagazineTheWorldofEnglish?

W:Ofcourse.ItisoneofmanyEnglishmagazinesthatarenowflyingoffbooksellershelves.

Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutTheWorldofEnglish?

【解析】固定词组。女士说：ItisoneofmanyEnglishmagazinesthatarenowflyingoffbooksellershelves，即WorldofEnglish是热销英语杂志之一。

16.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Itisfast.

B.Itisslow.

C.Itworkswell.

D.Itisnotworking.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Canthatclockberight,10:30?

M:Thatclockisalwaysoff.It’s11:05.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheclock?

【解析】细节题。从对话两个时间点可知，这个钟慢了。

17.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.Anewconceptofdiabetes.

B.ThedefinitionofType1andType2diabetes.

C.Thenewmanagementofdiabeticsinthehospital.

D.Thenewdevelopmentofnon-perishableinsulinpills.

问题2选项

A.Becauseitvaporizeseasily.

B.Becauseitbecomesoveractiveeasily.

C.Becauseitisusuallyininjectionform.

D.Becauseitisnotstableabove40degreesFahrenheit.

问题3选项

A.Thediabeticscanbecuredwithouttakingsyntheticinsulinanylonger.

B.Thefindingsprovideinsightintohowinsulinworks.

C.Insulincanbemorestablethanitisnow.

D.Insulincanbeproducednaturally.

问题4选项

A.Itisstableatroomtemperatureforseveralyears.

B.Itisadministereddirectlyintothebloodstream.

C.Itdeliversglucosefrombloodtothecells.

D.Itismorechemicallycomplex.25.

问题5选项

A.Whyinsulinisnotstableatroomtemperature.

B.Howimportantitistounderstandthechemicalbondsofinsulin.

C.WhypeoplewithType1andType2diabetesdon’tproduceenoughinsulin.

D.Whatshapeinsulintakeswhenitunlocksthecellstotakesugarformblood.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】(21)AteamofAustralianchemistrystudentshavestrengthenedthechemicalbondsofinsulintomakeitstableevenatwarmtemperatures—abreakthroughthatcouldsimplifydiabetesmanagement.Thefindingcouldshedlightonhowinsulinworksandeventuallyleadtoinsulinpills,ratherthaninjectionsorpumps.(22)Insulinneedstobekeptcoldbecauseitismadeofweakchemicalbondsthatdegradeattemperaturesabove40degreesFahrenheit,makingitinactive.Butusingaseriesofchemicalreactions,theresearchteam,comprisedofstudentsfromMonashUniversityinAustralia,replacedtheunstablebondswithstronger,carbon-basedones.Thestrongerbondsstabilizetheinsulin’stwoproteinchainswithoutinterferingwithitsnaturalactivity,accordingtoastoryaboutthefindingsatSciGuru.(24)Theso-called“dicarba”insulinswerestableatroomtemperatureforseveralyears,SciGurusays.(23)Evenmorepromisingisthatthefindingsprovideinsightintohowinsulinworks.

PeoplewithType1andType2diabetesdonotproduceenoughinsulin,whetherit’stheresultofanauto-immunedisorderthatstopsproducingitentirely(Type1)oraconditionbroughtonbyotherfactorslikeobesity,inwhichthebodycannolongeruseitproperly(Type2).Insulinisthemechanismthatdeliversglucosefromthebloodtothecells,sodiabeticsmusttakeasyntheticformofthehormone.(25)Wheninsulinunlockscellstoallowsugartobetakenupfromtheblood,thehormone’sshapechanges—butnooneissurewhattheshapelookslike.Ifresearchersknewthatshape,theycoulddesignsmaller;less-complexversionsofinsulinthatdon’tuseproteins.Thenitcouldbeadministeredinpillformratherthandirectlyintothebloodstream.Understandingthemolecule’schemicalbondsisasteptowardunlockingthatshape,theresearcherssay.

21.Whatisthemainideaofthetalk?

【解析】文章开头即给出了主旨：一组澳大利亚的化学系学生强化了胰岛素的化学键，以使其在高温下也能稳定。故选D。

22.Whydoesinsulinneedtobekeptcold,accordingtothetalk?

【解析】根据文章信息，胰岛素的化学结构较弱，在高温下会使胰岛素失效。故选D。

23.Whatmakestheresearchmorepromising?

【解析】根据原文信息可以得知：研究结果更有助于了解胰岛素是如何发挥效用的，故选B。

24.Whatistrueaboutthenewtypeofinsulin?

【解析】根据原文信息可以得知：这种新型胰岛素可以在室温下放置几年（不变质），故选A。

25.Whatisunknowntothescientists,accordingtothetalk?

【解析】原文中提到当胰岛素“打开”细胞，让血液中的葡萄糖进入细胞时，荷尔蒙的形态随之改变，但无人知晓其形态是什么样的。故选D。

18.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.Shedisagreeswiththemanthere.

B.Sheisgoingtochangehermind.

C.Itisoutofthequestiontodothat.

D.Itispossibletoforgivehim.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Youarenotthinkingofgettingbacktogetherwithhim,areyou?

W:Wouldhedreamofit?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】推断题。女士说:Wouldhedreamofit(他在做梦吗?)，足以证明她不可能复合。

19.单选题

问题1选项

A.WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.

B.WithDr.Smithat10onTuesday

C.WithDr.Jonesat10onWednesday.

D.WithDr.Jonesat10onTuesday.

【答案】A

【解析】14.M:Ineedtocomeinandseethedoctor.IhavereallyitchyskinandthinkImayhavetohaveitlookedat.

W:IhopetimesavailableforTuesdayorWednesday,whichonewouldworkbestforyou?

M:IwanttocomeinonWednesday.

W:Icanfityouinonthatdayatten,doctorSmithorDoctorJonesisavailable.

M:IwouldpreferDoctorSmith.

Q:Whatistheman’sappointment?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：男士预约了什么？由文中“IwanttocomeinonWednesday.（我想星期三来。）”和“Icanfityouinonthatdayatten（我可以帮你预约那天上午10点。）”以及“IwouldpreferdoctorSmith.（我想约史密斯医生。）”，可知A选项“WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.（周三上午10点史密斯医生。）”符合原文。

20.单选题

14.

问题1选项

A.Totakeamonthoffwork.

B.Torestinbedasmuchaspossible.

C.Totakesomeherbalmedicine.

D.Toputonplaster.

【答案】D

【解析】A:HereismyX-rays.

B:I’lljusthavealook.EverythingisOKexceptwhatyoucanseehere.Thereisahemi-fracture.It'snotveryserious,butyoushouldtakeamonthoffworkandrestinbedasmuchaspossible.I'llgivesomeherbalmedicinetohelpyouhealquickly.

A:DoIneedtoputinplaster?

B:No,itisn’tnecessary.

Q:Whichofthefollowingisnotamongthedoctor’ssuggestion?

【解析】细节题。医生认为不需要打石膏。

21.单选题

PassageOne

问题1选项

A.Robotswilltakeovertheworld.

B.Robotswillrenderthemjobless.

C.Robotscanbeoverusedinhomes.

D.Robotscanbecontrollingtheirlives.22.

问题2选项

A.Itiswelldevelopedforhomeuse.

B.Itstillhastechnicalobstaclestoovercome.

C.Itcanworkindangerousplacesorsituations.

D.Ithasthepotentialtobebuiltwithalaserdevice.23.

问题3选项

A.Risingcostoflabor.

B.Increasingamountofwealth.

C.Growingnumberofagedpeople.

D.Pressingneedsformodernization.24.

问题4选项

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Indifferent.

C.Doubtful.

D.Resentful.25.

问题5选项

A.People’saffordability.

B.People’sacceptance.

C.Technicaladvances.

D.Marketpromotion.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】Robotshavebeeninthenewsalotlately.Andarecentpollfoundthat1/3oftheUKpublicisconcernedthatrobotswilltakeovertheirjobs.Butwhataboutrobotsinthehome?Oneofthemostpopularrobotsforthehomeisarobotvacuumcleaner,whichcanalsomassivelycleanyourhomewithverylittlehumaninput.AnitaroboticsisacompanystartedbyagroupofroboticsengineersfromStanfordUniversity.Theywantedtouserobotstoperformhumanchoresatanaffordableprice.ThetechnologytheydevelopedfortheirvacuumcleanersusesalaserGuidesystemtomapoutthehomein360degrees.Thisenablesthemachinetoavoidobstaclesanddangerslikestairs.AlotofsouthernEuropeancountriesareembracingthiscategoryandalsoinScandinavia.

TheScandinavianmarkethasbeenveryinteresting.They’vedonealotofresearchintryingtomodernizetheirwealth,wheretheyhaveagrowingagingpopulation.Andtheyarelookingtodeployroboticvacuumcleanersinoldpeople’shomestoactuallydothecleaning.Andnow,almost30%oftheusersareover55yearsofage.It’saverybroadspectrumofpeople.IntheUK,therehasbeenarelativelyslowadoptionofrobotsinthehome.Ithinkmaybeasaculture,we’reabitmoreskepticalonhowgoodcantheserebelsreallyperformandtaketheplaceofdoingmyvacuuming?Ibelievethiswilltakeawhilebeforerobotsareabletodoeverythingforus,atleastintheUK.Italsodependsonpeople’swillingnesstoallowthesemachinesintoourdailylives.

21.Whatwastheconcernintherecentpoll?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：最近的民意调查关注的是什么？由文中“Andarecentpollfoundthat1/3oftheUKpublicisconcernedthatrobotstakeovertheirjobs.（最近的一项民意调查表明三分之一的英国民众对机器人会取代他们的工作表示关注。）”，可知B选项“Robotswillrenderthemjobless.（机器人会使他们失业。）”符合原文。A选项“机器人会统治世界”；C选项“机器人在家会被过度使用”；D选项“机器人可以控制他们的生活”不符合原文。

22.Whatcanwelearnabouttherobotvacuumcleaner?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：关于机器人吸尘器，我们能了解到什么？由文中“Theywantedtouserobotstoperformhumanchoresatanaffordableprice.（他们想使用机器人以合理的价格承担人们的家务）”，可知A选项“Itiswelldevelopedforhomeuse.（很好地在家庭中使用）”符合原文。B选项“它仍然有技术障碍要克服”；C选项“它可以在危险的地方或情况下工作”；D选项“它在用激光设备建造方面有潜力”不符合原文。

23.WhatisthemajorreasonbehindthepopularityofthecleanerintheScandinavianmarket?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：清洁器在斯堪的纳维亚市场受欢迎的主要原因是什么？由文中“TheScandinavianmarkethasbeenveryinteresting.They’vedonealotofresearchintryingtomodernizetheirwealth,wheretheyhaveagrowingagingpopulation.Andtheyarelookingtodeployroboticvacuumcleanersinoldpeople'shomestoactuallydothecleaning.（斯堪的纳维亚市场非常有趣。他们在使财富现代化方面做了很多研究，在这里老龄化人口较多。而且，他们希望运用机器人真空吸尘器在老人家中帮他们从事实际的清洁打扫工作）”，可知在斯堪的纳维亚地区吸尘器流行的一个原因是老龄化，所以C选项“Growingnumberofagedpeople.（增长的老年人口）”符合原文。A选项“劳动成本上升”；B选项“财富的增长”；D选项“现代化的迫切需求”不符合原文。

24.HowdopeopleintheUKreacttotherobotvacuumcleaner?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：英国人对机器人吸尘器有什么反应？由文中“IntheUK,therehasbeenarelativelyslowadoptionofrobotsinthehome.Ithinkmaybeasaculture,we'reabitmoreskepticalonhowgoodcanthisrebelsreallyperform…（在英国，家庭对于机器人的接受还是相对较慢的。我想可能是因为文化的原因，我们对如何运用好这一新事物持有一点怀疑态度……）”，可知C选项“怀疑”符合原文。A选项“乐观”；B选项“漠不关心的”；D选项“气氛”不符合原文。

25.Whatisimportanttothewideuseofrobotsinthefuture?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：什么对未来机器人的广泛应用是重要的？由文中“Italsodependsonpeople’swillingnesstoallowthesemachinesintoourdailylives.（这取决于人们是否愿意让这些机器人进入我们的日常生活）”，可知机器人在未来的使用在于B选项“People’sacceptance.（人们的接受度）”符合原文。A选项“人们的负担能力”；C选项“技术进步”；D选项“市场推广”不符合原文。

22.单选题

10.

问题1选项

A.Themanisworkingtoohard.

B.Themanneedstothinkitover.

C.Themanissupposedtofindajob.

D.Themanhasmadearightdecision.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Takingalongview,I’mleavingthecompany.

W:Why?

M:Ioftenhavetooverworkwhichwilldoharmtomyhealth.

W:Butthejobmarketisverytight,youknow.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】推断题。男士打算离职,女士说：Butthejobmarketisverytight(但是就业市场紧张)，由此推断她是劝男士考虑清楚再做决定。

23.单选题

7.

问题1选项

A.Shedisagreeswiththeman.

B.Shecouldn’tagreewiththemanmore.

C.It'shardforthemtofulfilltheirplans.

D.It’simpossibletogetmoneyfromGatesFoundation.

【答案】B

【解析】M:ThismoneyfromtheGatesFoundationwillhelpuswithourplans.

W:Howcoulditnot?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】态度方向题。女士回答：Howcoulditnot，即她非常同意男士说的。

24.单选题

7.

问题1选项

A.Two.

B.Three.

C.Four.

D.Five.

【答案】B

【解析】W:NowDaddyI’mwearingthisonyourchest.It’scalledstethocope.Itmightbealittlecold,I’llwarmitup.Feeltheend,OK?FirstofallI’lllistentoyourfrontandthenyourback.

M:Shehasgonethatalotoftimes.

Q:Howmanypeoplehavebeeninvolvedinthesituation?

【解析】推断题。父亲说：Shehasgonethatalotoftimes，由此推测，本段对话中除了父女俩还有第三人的存在。

25.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.Tenyearsago.

B.Fiveyearsago.

C.Fifteenyearsago.

D.Severalweeksago.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Now,I’dliketoaskyouaboutanyillnessesyou’vehadinthepast.Couldyoutellmeaboutthis?

W:Letmethink...IhadmyappendixoutwhenIwas15.AndIhadachestinfectionwhenIwasonholidayintheUSA5yearsago.That’sall.

M:Couldyoutellmeifyou’vehadanyaccidentsorinjuredyourselfatanytime?

W:Wellyes,Islippedontheiceandbrokemyneck10yearsago.ActuallyIwasinhospitalthenforseveralweeks.I’dforgottenthat.

Q:Whendidthewomanhaveabonefracture?

【解析】细节题。女士说：Islippedontheiceandbrokemyneck10yearsago（10年前我在冰上滑倒摔了脖子），故选A。

26.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Eight-year-olds.

B.Twelve-year-olds.

C.Seventeen-year-olds.

D.Adults.

问题2选项

A.TheuseoffMRI.

B.Theuseofcomputertasks.

C.Thethree-waydivisionofthesubjects.

D.Theinstructionsgiventothesubjects.

问题3选项

A.12-year-oldsrespondstronglytonegativefeedback.

B.12-year-oldsfunctionthesameas8-year-olds.

C.8-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

D.12-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

问题4选项

A.Notbad.

B.Excellent.

C.Notsogood.

D.Gotitwrongthistime.30.

问题5选项

A.Scientists.

B.Thegeneralpublic.

C.Teachersatthekindergarten.

D.ChildrenwithAttentionDeficitDisorder

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】Eight-year-oldchildrenhavearadicallydifferentlearningstrategyfromtwelve-year-oldsandadults.(29)Eight-year-oldslearnprimarilyfrompositivefeedback,whereasnegativefeedbackscarcelycausesanyalarmbellstoring.(26)Twelve-year-oldsarebetterabletoprocessnegativefeedback,anduseittolearnfromtheirmistakes.Adultsdothesame,butmoreefficiently.DrEvelineCroneandhercolleaguesfromtheLeidenBrainandCognitionLabusedfMRIresearchtocomparethebrainsofthreedifferentagegroups:childrenofeighttonineyears,childrenofeleventotwelveyears,andadultsagedbetween18and25years.(27)Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore;thecomparisonisgenerallymadebetweenchildrenandadults.Croneherselfwassurprisedattheoutcome:(28)“Wehadexpectedthatthebrainsofeight-year-oldswouldfunctioninexactlythesamewayasthebrainsoftwelve-year-olds,butmaybenotquitesowell.Childrenlearnthewholetime,sothisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren:howcanyoubestrelayinstructionstoeight-andtwelve-year-olds?”Theresearchersgavechildrenofbothagegroupsandadultsaged18to25acomputertaskwhiletheylayintheMRIscanner.Thetaskrequiredthemtodiscoverrules.Iftheydidthiscorrectly,atickappearedonthescreen,otherwiseacrossappeared.MRIscansshowedwhichpartsofthebrainwereactivated.ThesesurprisingresultssetCronethinking.“Youstarttothinklessintermsof‘good’and‘notsogood’.Childrenofeightmaywellbeabletolearnextremelydifferently,onlytheydoitinadifferentway.”

26.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowinggroupscanbestlearnfromtheirmistakes?

【解析】根据录音可知，与8岁左右的孩子比较起来，12岁的孩子能接受负面反馈并从错误中学习，成年人也会如此，但更有效率(moreefficiently)。因此，本题选D。

27.WhatisnewaboutDr.Crone’sresearch?

【解析】短文中说：Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore，即这种三个层次的分界以前从未有过。因此本题正确答案为C。

28.WhathadDr.Croneandhercolleaguesexpected?

【解析】Crone博士和同事对结果也是大吃一惊，他们原本认为(hadexpected)8岁孩子与12岁孩子的大脑工作方式会完全一致，结果却不是。因此本题正确答案为B。.

29.Whichofthefollowingfeedbackcanbeststimulatetheeightyear-oldstolearn?

【解析】从录音中可知，8岁的孩子在正面反馈的刺激下会做得更好。这也是他们与12岁孩子不一样的地方。故本题答案为A。

30.Accordingtothetalk,whichgroupofpeoplewouldlearnandbenefitmost?

【解析】录音中提到，thisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren(这种新知识对想教孩子学习的人来讲有重要的意义)。因此本题正确答案为C。

27.单选题

14.

问题1选项

A.250Yuan.

B.450Yuan.

C.650Yuan.

D.850Yuan.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Goodmorning.Wouldyouliketheprivatehotspringroomtoday?Forthreepeople,itwouldbe250Yuanperhour.

M:Arethereanydiscounts?

W:Yes,Itis50Yuancheaperforeachadditionalhour.

M:Thenwe’llhavetwohours.

Q:Howmuchwillthemanpay?

【解析】对话指出私人温泉是三个人每小时250元。有折扣，每增加一个小时优惠50元，问题问的是两个小时多少钱。

28.单选题

13.

问题1选项

A.Themanisaliar.

B.ThemanisjealousofLisa.

C.Shedoesnotagreewiththemanonthat.

D.Shewillsurelydothesa