2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号41

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

16-20

问题1选项

A.Whitebloodcellcount.

B.Redbloodcellcount.

C.X-ray.

D.ECG.

问题2选项

A.Toomuchworktodo.

B.Aheavyloadofstudying.

C.Herdaughter’ssickness.

D.Herinsufficientincome.

问题3选项

A.Leukemia.

B.Gastriculcer.

C.Immunedisease.

D.Gastricinfluenza.

问题4选项

A.Takethewhitetabletsthreetimesaday.

B.Takethecharcoaltabletsthreetimesaday.

C.Takeoneortwowhitetabletsatatime.

D.Taketwocharcoaltabletsaday.20.

问题5选项

A.Stayoffwork.

B.Drinkplentyofliquids.

C.Eatalotofvegetablesandfruit.

D.Postponeyourexercisewhensick.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】P:Hereismyresult,doctor.

D:Haveaseat,andlet’shavealook.Well,yourECGisperfectlynormal,andthereisnoproblemwithyourX-ray,either.(16)Butyourwhitebloodcellcountisratherhigh,whichiswhatIexpected,anditshowsyourbodyisfightingthevirus.

P:IsthereanythinghereIcandosothatIcanfeelbetter,doctor?(17)Iamreallybusyatworkthisweek.AndIhavealotofstufftodo,butIdon'tfeeluptoit.Alsomydaughterisstudyingbedand...

D:Don’tworry.It’sjustagainstthefeel.ButIwillgiveyousomemedicineforittomakeyoufeelbetter.(19)Threetimesadaytakethewhitetabletsasdirectedonthelabelaftermeals.Andforthetablets,takeoneortwodependingonhowsuitableyourbowelsare.

P:IsthereanythingelseIcando,DoctorHunt?

D:Iknowyouarebusy,(20)butyoureallyshouldn’tgotowork.However,that’suptoyou.Restasmuchaspossible,drinkplentyofliquid,andeatplentyofvegetablesandfruits.Remember,anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Ifthereisnoimprovementafterthreedays,comebackandseemeagain.

P:Thankyou,doctor.

16.Accordingtothewomen’stestresults,whichofthefollowingitemisabnormal?

【解析】根据医生的判断，病人的ECG十分正常（perfectlynormal），X片也没有问题，但是白血球数量很高(whitebloodcellcountisratherhigh)。因此本题答案为A。

17.Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonforthewoman’sanxiety?

【解析】病人很焦虑，因为她本人工作很忙，女儿也生病了，学习压力也很大。只有D（收入不足）不是她焦虑的原因。

18.Whatisthedoctor’sdiagnosisofthewoman?

【解析】医生说病人的白细胞量高，证明身体正在跟病毒斗争，由此推理可知，病人可能是免疫系统出了点问题。故本题选C。

19.Howdoesthedoctorsaythemedicationsareadministeredforthewoman?

【解析】医生说，按照说明一天只服三次白色药片，而charcoal药片则需要根据肠胃（bowels）的适应度，再决定是服用一片还是两片，因此本题正确答案为A。

20.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthesuggestionsbythedoctor?

【解析】医生对病人的建议是：不能上班，大量饮水，多吃蔬菜和水果。只有“生病时延缓健身”未被提及，故本题答案为D。

2.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.Thelinkbetweenweightlossandsleepdeprivation.

B.Thelinkbetweenweightgainandsleepdeprivation.

C.Thelinkbetweenweightlossandphysicalexercise.

D.Thelinkbetweenweightgainandphysicalexercise.

问题2选项

A.Morethan68000.

B.Morethan60800.

C.Morethan60080.

D.Morethan60008.

问题3选项

A.Seven-hoursleepersgainedmoreweightovertimethanfive-hourones.

B.Five-hoursleepersgainedmoreweightovertimethanseven-hourones.

C.Short-sleeperswere15%morelikelytobecomeobese.

D.Short-sleepersconsumedfewercaloriesthanlongsleepers.24.

问题4选项

A.Overeatingamongthesleep-deprived.

B.Littleexerciseamongthesleep-deprived.

C.Lowermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleep.

D.Highermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleep.25.

问题5选项

A.Exerciseeveryday.

B.Takedietpills.

C.Goonadiet.

D.Sleepmore.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】Here’sadreamyweight-lossplan:takeanap.That’sthemessagefromworkbySanjayPatelatCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohio.(21)(22)(23)Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfoundthatthosewhosleeplessthan5hoursanightgainmoreweightovertimethanthosewhosleep7hoursanight.

Controllingforotherdifferencesbetweenthegroups,Patelfoundthatwomenwhoslept5hoursorlessgained0.7kilogramsmoreonaverageover10yearsthan7-hoursleepers.Theshort-sleepinggroupwasalso32percentmorelikelytohavegained15kilogramsormore,and15percentmorelikelytohavebecomeobese.

Significantly,theshort-sleepersconsumedfewercaloriesthanthosewhoslept7hours,saysPatel,whopresentedhisresultsthisweekattheAmericanThoracicSocietyInternationalConferenceinSanDiego,California.Thisfindingoverturnsthecommonviewthatovereatingamongthesleep-deprivedexplainssuchweightdifferences.

(24)Lowermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleepmaybethereasonbehindtheweightgain,Patelsuggests.(25)“Itobviouslyalsosuggeststhatgettingpeopletosleepmoremightbearelativelyeasywaytohelppeopleloseweight,”hesays.

21.WhatdidPatel’sstudyindicate?

【解析】根据录音内容“Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfoundthatthosewhosleeplessthan5hoursanightgainmoreweightovertimethanthosewhosleep7hoursanight”可知，应该讲的是睡眠不足与体重增加的问题。故选B。

22.HowmanysubjectsdidPatelhaveinhisstudy?

【解析】根据录音内容“Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfound...”可知，受试对象超过68000。故选A。

23.AccordingtoPatel’sstudy,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

【解析】根据录音内容“Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfoundthatthosewhosleeplessthan5hoursanightgainmoreweightovertimethanthosewhosleep7hoursanight”可知，A选项恰与之意思相反。故选A。

24.AccordingtoPatel,whatmightbethereasonbehindtheweightdifferences?

【解析】根据录音内容“Lowermetabolicratebehindtheweightgain”可知，由于睡眠时间少而导致的代谢缓慢可能是体重增加的原因。故选C。

25.WhatsuggestionwillPatelgivetothosewhowanttoloseweight?

【解析】根据录音内容“Itobviouslyalsosuggeststhatgettingpeopletosleepmoremightbearelativelyeasywaytohelppeopleloseweight”可知，对于要减肥的人们来说，多睡会儿可能会起作用。故选D。

3.单选题

11.

问题1选项

A.Acold.

B.Aheadache.

C.Ahoarsevoice.

D.Insomnia.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Haveyougotacold?

M:Nope,I’mhoarsebecauseIhavn’tgotenoughsleeplatelyandhavebeensingingalotKTV.

Q:Whatistheman’sproblem?

【解析】细节题。男士说：I’mhoarsebecauseIhavn’tgotenoughsleeplatelyandhavebeensingingalotKTV(我嗓子嘶哑，因为近期睡眠不好，并且唱多了卡拉OK)。

4.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.Anewconceptofdiabetes.

B.ThedefinitionofType1andType2diabetes.

C.Thenewmanagementofdiabeticsinthehospital.

D.Thenewdevelopmentofnon-perishableinsulinpills.

问题2选项

A.Becauseitvaporizeseasily.

B.Becauseitbecomesoveractiveeasily.

C.Becauseitisusuallyininjectionform.

D.Becauseitisnotstableabove40degreesFahrenheit.

问题3选项

A.Thediabeticscanbecuredwithouttakingsyntheticinsulinanylonger.

B.Thefindingsprovideinsightintohowinsulinworks.

C.Insulincanbemorestablethanitisnow.

D.Insulincanbeproducednaturally.

问题4选项

A.Itisstableatroomtemperatureforseveralyears.

B.Itisadministereddirectlyintothebloodstream.

C.Itdeliversglucosefrombloodtothecells.

D.Itismorechemicallycomplex.25.

问题5选项

A.Whyinsulinisnotstableatroomtemperature.

B.Howimportantitistounderstandthechemicalbondsofinsulin.

C.WhypeoplewithType1andType2diabetesdon’tproduceenoughinsulin.

D.Whatshapeinsulintakeswhenitunlocksthecellstotakesugarformblood.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】(21)AteamofAustralianchemistrystudentshavestrengthenedthechemicalbondsofinsulintomakeitstableevenatwarmtemperatures—abreakthroughthatcouldsimplifydiabetesmanagement.Thefindingcouldshedlightonhowinsulinworksandeventuallyleadtoinsulinpills,ratherthaninjectionsorpumps.(22)Insulinneedstobekeptcoldbecauseitismadeofweakchemicalbondsthatdegradeattemperaturesabove40degreesFahrenheit,makingitinactive.Butusingaseriesofchemicalreactions,theresearchteam,comprisedofstudentsfromMonashUniversityinAustralia,replacedtheunstablebondswithstronger,carbon-basedones.Thestrongerbondsstabilizetheinsulin’stwoproteinchainswithoutinterferingwithitsnaturalactivity,accordingtoastoryaboutthefindingsatSciGuru.(24)Theso-called“dicarba”insulinswerestableatroomtemperatureforseveralyears,SciGurusays.(23)Evenmorepromisingisthatthefindingsprovideinsightintohowinsulinworks.

PeoplewithType1andType2diabetesdonotproduceenoughinsulin,whetherit’stheresultofanauto-immunedisorderthatstopsproducingitentirely(Type1)oraconditionbroughtonbyotherfactorslikeobesity,inwhichthebodycannolongeruseitproperly(Type2).Insulinisthemechanismthatdeliversglucosefromthebloodtothecells,sodiabeticsmusttakeasyntheticformofthehormone.(25)Wheninsulinunlockscellstoallowsugartobetakenupfromtheblood,thehormone’sshapechanges—butnooneissurewhattheshapelookslike.Ifresearchersknewthatshape,theycoulddesignsmaller;less-complexversionsofinsulinthatdon’tuseproteins.Thenitcouldbeadministeredinpillformratherthandirectlyintothebloodstream.Understandingthemolecule’schemicalbondsisasteptowardunlockingthatshape,theresearcherssay.

21.Whatisthemainideaofthetalk?

【解析】文章开头即给出了主旨：一组澳大利亚的化学系学生强化了胰岛素的化学键，以使其在高温下也能稳定。故选D。

22.Whydoesinsulinneedtobekeptcold,accordingtothetalk?

【解析】根据文章信息，胰岛素的化学结构较弱，在高温下会使胰岛素失效。故选D。

23.Whatmakestheresearchmorepromising?

【解析】根据原文信息可以得知：研究结果更有助于了解胰岛素是如何发挥效用的，故选B。

24.Whatistrueaboutthenewtypeofinsulin?

【解析】根据原文信息可以得知：这种新型胰岛素可以在室温下放置几年（不变质），故选A。

25.Whatisunknowntothescientists,accordingtothetalk?

【解析】原文中提到当胰岛素“打开”细胞，让血液中的葡萄糖进入细胞时，荷尔蒙的形态随之改变，但无人知晓其形态是什么样的。故选D。

5.单选题

5.

问题1选项

A.Extremelysevere.

B.Notverysevere.

C.Moreseverethanexpected.

D.It’shardtosay.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Howstrongisthepainexactly?Onascaleof1-10,howwouldyoudescribetheintensityofthepain?

W:Well,I’dsaythepainisabouta2onascaleof1-10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.Itjustkeepscomingback.

Q:Howsevereisthepain?

【解析】细节题。女士说：I’dsaythepainisabouta2onascaleof1-10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad（疼痛级别大概为2，还不算太严重）。

6.单选题

2.

问题1选项

A.Abrokenfinger.

B.Aterriblecough.

C.Frontalheadaches.

D.Eyeproblem.

【答案】C

【解析】W:It’sMr.Cong,isn’tit?

M:That’sright.Isawyousixmonthsagowithabrokenfinger.

W:Yes,ofcourse.Andisthatallhealingwell?

M:It’sfine.

W:Whatcanwedoforyoutoday?

M:Well,I’vebeenhavingtheseheadachesinthefront,aboutmyeyes.Itstartedtwomonthsago.Theyseemtocomeonquitesuddenly,andIgetdizzyspellaswell.

Q:Whatisthetroubleinthemannow?

【解析】细节题。男士说：I’vebeenhavingtheseheadachesinthefront,aboutmyeyes.即今天来看病是因为头痛，大概是眼睛周围。

7.单选题

11.

问题1选项

A.Maryisn’thistype.

B.HefeltinlovewithMaryatfirstsight.

C.Marywasnotprettyenough.

D.Hewon’tteachMarychemistry.

【答案】A

【解析】W:HowwasyourdatewithMary?

M:Shewasveryniceandpretty，butIjustdon’thavechemistrywithher.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Shewasveryniceandpretty，butIjustdon’thavechemistrywithher（Mary漂亮，人也好，但自己就是没有感觉）。

8.单选题

问题1选项

A.Becausethecompanieswanttoimproveworkershealthandreducemedicalspending

B.Becausethecompanieswanttosavemoremoneyforemployers

C.Becausetheprogramsturnedouttobeuselessinimprovingworkers'health

D.Becausethelonger-termeffectsoftheprogramshavenotbeenidentified

问题2选项

A.Theprogramdidnohelpinloweringworkers'bloodpressureorsugarlevels

B.Theprogramsignificantlyreducedworkers'healthcarecosts

C.Theworkerswhoadoptedhealthierbehaviorsturnedtobehealthier

D.Theworkerswhoaremoreoptimisticturnedtobehealthier

问题3选项

A.Theyaregoingtoanalyze3yearsofdatafromthewellnessprogram

B.Theyaregoingtoadjustthewellnessprogram

C.Theyaregoingtosupportthewellnessprogramforalongterm.

D.Theyaregoingtoseewhetherthewellnessprogramarebeneficialinalong-termrun

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】第1题:重新思考健康计划的原因在第二段与第三段最后均有提到。第二段最后说到“itfoundnosignificantreductioninworker’shealthcarecosts（研究发现，职工的医疗保健成本没有显著下降）”，第三段最后说到“Theresearchersarenowanalyzingthreeyearsofdatafromthewellnessprogramtoseeifthereareanylonger-termeffects（研究人员现在正在分析来自健康计划的三年数据，以了解是否有任何长期的影响）”，说明其原因就在这个计划的长期影响并不十分确定，D选项正确。

第2题:文中提到的研究有三个结果：1.参加了健康计划的员工更加注意自己的身体健康问题；2.参加计划与否对于到血压或血糖指标的影响差别不大；3.并没有降低职工医疗成本。因此C选项是符合这三个结果的。A选项的问题在于否定了健康计划对血压或血糖指标的影响。

第3题:研究人员的目标体现在最后一句“Theresearchersarenowanalyzingthreeyearsofdatafromthewellnessprogramtoseeifthereareanylonger-termeffects（研究人员现在正在分析来自健康计划的三年数据，以了解是否有任何长期的影响）”，因此他们的目标就是看这个健康计划从长期来看是否有益，D选项正确。

9.单选题

问题1选项

A.Toshowmorelove.

B.Tobetogetherwithhisfamily.

C.Tolovemorestrangers.

D.Tobehappier.

问题2选项

A.Inthirties.

B.Inmid-forties.

C.Beforefifty.

D.Afterfifty.

问题3选项

A.ltisfromhistwentiestohismid-forties.

B.ltisafterhiskidslefthome.

C.itiswhenhiswifelaughed.

D.ltisaperiodfullofstressandfulfillment.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】第1题:针对提问，这个男性的回答是“IwishIhadlovedmore,beingmoreopenaboutmyfeelingsfornewpeople,andmoreaffectionatewiththosealreadyinmylife（我希望我曾经爱过更多的人，对新认识的人更开放，对那些已经在我生命中的人更深情）”，总体说来就是“表达更多的爱”，因此A选项正确。

第2题:对话中提到“reachesthebottomintheirmid-40s（在40多岁达到最低点）”，因此B选项正确。

第3题:对话最后，这个男性这样描述“theywerestressfulandchaotic,butsowonderfulandfulfilling（这个时期压力很大，很混乱，但却很精彩，很有成就感）”，因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

问题1选项

A.Thewomanarrivedaheadofschedule.

B.Thewomanfailedtomeethertennisappointment.

C.Themandidnotplaythetennisgamebytherule.

D.Themanhelpedputthewomanonthewaitinglist.

【答案】B

【解析】7.W:Ireservedatenniscourt.It’stakenoverbysomeoneelse.

M:Yes,mom.Iunderstand.Wehaveapolicythateverypartyismorethan15minuteslateforastartingtime.Wescheduledthecourtsforotherwaitingguests.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：从这段交谈中可以得出什么？由文中“Wehaveapolicythateverypartyismorethan15minuteslateforastartingtime.（我们有规定，每场顶多迟到15分钟）”，推测可知B选项“Thewomanfailedtomeethertennisappointment.（女士错过了网球场预约时间）”符合原文。A选项“女士提早到了”；C选项“这个男人没有按规则打网球”；D选项“这个男人帮女士把她放在等候名单上”不符合原文。

11.单选题

2.

问题1选项

A.Shebearsnoisesinherearsdayandnight.

B.Shehasbeenoverworkingforalongtime.

C.Herrightear,hurtinanaccident,istroublingher.

D.Herearringsaregivinghertroubledayandnight.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Myearsarealwaysringing.DayandnightIcan’tsleep.

M:Whichisyourbadear?

W:Myrightearhurts.

Q:Whydoesthewomanhavetroublesleeping?

【解析】女士在对话中说到难以入眠是因为Myearsarealwaysringing（耳朵一直有噪音）。

12.单选题

Ifthethoughtofleavinghomewithoutyourmobilephonecausesyouto（

）coldsweat,youcouldbesufferingfromnomophobia:thefearofhavingnomobilephone.

问题1选项

A.breakinto

B.breakout

C.breakthrough

D.breakup

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.breakinto闯入B.breakout爆发；突发

C.breakthrough突破；突围D.breakup打碎；破碎；结束；解散

【答案】B

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】如果离开家不带手机的想法会使你……冷汗，你可能患上了无手机综合症：对没有手机感到恐惧。由本题句意可知应该是冒冷汗，B选项“爆发；突发”可引申为该句所需要的含义，因此选B。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】如果离开家不带手机的想法会使你出一身冷汗，那你可能患上了“无手机恐惧症”：对没有手机感到恐惧。

13.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.Acustomsofficer.

B.Theman'smother.

C.Aschoolheadmaster.

D.Animmigrationofficer.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Weunderstandthatyouarenotattendingschool.

M:I’vebeenattending,but,I’vebeensickrecently.

W:You’veattendedonlythreedayssincelastJuly.

M:Threedays?No.It’sbeenmorethanthat.

W:Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa.

Q:Whatisthewoman?

【解析】推断题。女士说：Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa(我们得收回你的签证)，说明女士是一名移民官。

14.单选题

7.

问题1选项

A.Shedisagreeswiththeman.

B.Shecouldn’tagreewiththemanmore.

C.It'shardforthemtofulfilltheirplans.

D.It’simpossibletogetmoneyfromGatesFoundation.

【答案】B

【解析】M:ThismoneyfromtheGatesFoundationwillhelpuswithourplans.

W:Howcoulditnot?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】态度方向题。女士回答：Howcoulditnot，即她非常同意男士说的。

15.单选题

Fluoridedeterstoothdecaybyreducingthegrowthofbacteriathatdestroytoothenamel.

问题1选项

A.inhibits

B.loosens

C.hastens

D.triggers

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.inhibits抑制；禁止B.loosens放松；松开

C.hastens加速；催化D.triggers引发；触发

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】由本句句意可知破坏细菌的生长可以“阻止”蛀牙，所以A选项“抑制，禁止”符合题意。划线单词deters“阻止”。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合题意。

【句意】氟化物通过减少破坏牙釉质的细菌的生长来阻止蛀牙。

16.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Eight-year-olds.

B.Twelve-year-olds.

C.Seventeen-year-olds.

D.Adults.

问题2选项

A.TheuseoffMRI.

B.Theuseofcomputertasks.

C.Thethree-waydivisionofthesubjects.

D.Theinstructionsgiventothesubjects.

问题3选项

A.12-year-oldsrespondstronglytonegativefeedback.

B.12-year-oldsfunctionthesameas8-year-olds.

C.8-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

D.12-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

问题4选项

A.Notbad.

B.Excellent.

C.Notsogood.

D.Gotitwrongthistime.30.

问题5选项

A.Scientists.

B.Thegeneralpublic.

C.Teachersatthekindergarten.

D.ChildrenwithAttentionDeficitDisorder

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】Eight-year-oldchildrenhavearadicallydifferentlearningstrategyfromtwelve-year-oldsandadults.(29)Eight-year-oldslearnprimarilyfrompositivefeedback,whereasnegativefeedbackscarcelycausesanyalarmbellstoring.(26)Twelve-year-oldsarebetterabletoprocessnegativefeedback,anduseittolearnfromtheirmistakes.Adultsdothesame,butmoreefficiently.DrEvelineCroneandhercolleaguesfromtheLeidenBrainandCognitionLabusedfMRIresearchtocomparethebrainsofthreedifferentagegroups:childrenofeighttonineyears,childrenofeleventotwelveyears,andadultsagedbetween18and25years.(27)Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore;thecomparisonisgenerallymadebetweenchildrenandadults.Croneherselfwassurprisedattheoutcome:(28)“Wehadexpectedthatthebrainsofeight-year-oldswouldfunctioninexactlythesamewayasthebrainsoftwelve-year-olds,butmaybenotquitesowell.Childrenlearnthewholetime,sothisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren:howcanyoubestrelayinstructionstoeight-andtwelve-year-olds?”Theresearchersgavechildrenofbothagegroupsandadultsaged18to25acomputertaskwhiletheylayintheMRIscanner.Thetaskrequiredthemtodiscoverrules.Iftheydidthiscorrectly,atickappearedonthescreen,otherwiseacrossappeared.MRIscansshowedwhichpartsofthebrainwereactivated.ThesesurprisingresultssetCronethinking.“Youstarttothinklessintermsof‘good’and‘notsogood’.Childrenofeightmaywellbeabletolearnextremelydifferently,onlytheydoitinadifferentway.”

26.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowinggroupscanbestlearnfromtheirmistakes?

【解析】根据录音可知，与8岁左右的孩子比较起来，12岁的孩子能接受负面反馈并从错误中学习，成年人也会如此，但更有效率(moreefficiently)。因此，本题选D。

27.WhatisnewaboutDr.Crone’sresearch?

【解析】短文中说：Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore，即这种三个层次的分界以前从未有过。因此本题正确答案为C。

28.WhathadDr.Croneandhercolleaguesexpected?

【解析】Crone博士和同事对结果也是大吃一惊，他们原本认为(hadexpected)8岁孩子与12岁孩子的大脑工作方式会完全一致，结果却不是。因此本题正确答案为B。.

29.Whichofthefollowingfeedbackcanbeststimulatetheeightyear-oldstolearn?

【解析】从录音中可知，8岁的孩子在正面反馈的刺激下会做得更好。这也是他们与12岁孩子不一样的地方。故本题答案为A。

30.Accordingtothetalk,whichgroupofpeoplewouldlearnandbenefitmost?

【解析】录音中提到，thisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren(这种新知识对想教孩子学习的人来讲有重要的意义)。因此本题正确答案为C。

17.单选题

5.

问题1选项

A.Apatient.

B.Adoctor.

C.Ateacher.

D.Astudent.

【答案】D

【解析】W:WhenaredoctorPeterman’sofficehours?

M:Monday,WednesdayandFridayfrom10a.m.tonoon.

W:That’snotveryconvenientforme.Ihavepathologyclassthen.

Q:Whatistheman?

【解析】推断题。女士回答说：Ihavepathologyclassthen（那时我有病理学课），据此推断他们为学生。

18.单选题

7.

问题1选项

A.Johnlikesgambling.

B.Johnisveryfondofhisnewboss.

C.Johnhasupsanddownsinthenewcompany.

D.Johnhasapromisingfutureinthenewcompany.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Johnwantstomoveupwardandonwardwithhisnewcompany.

M:Heiswellqualifiedandthebossisintohim.

W:Soyouthinkhewillachievehisgoal?

M:Yeah!Ibethewill.

Q:Whatdidthemanmean?

【解析】男士说John在新公司胜任新工作，受老板器重，并且肯定他会实现目标。

19.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.ThecauseofCOPD.

B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.

C.D.B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.C.

D.B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.C.Menmoresusceptibletoharmfuleffectsofsmoking.D.Womenmoresusceptibletoharmfuleffectsofsmoking.

问题2选项

A.954

B.955

C.1909

D.1955

问题3选项

A.OnMay18inSanDiego.

B.OnMay25inSanDiego.

C.OnMay18inSanFrancisco.

D.OnMay25inSanFrancisco.

问题4选项

A.Whensmokingexposureishigh.

B.Whensmokingexposureislow.

C.Whenthesubjectsreceivedmedication.

D.Whenthesubjectsstoppedsmoking.25.

问题5选项

A.Hormonedifferencesinmenandwomen.

B.Geneticdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.

C.Women’sactivemetabolicrate.

D.Women’ssmallerairways.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】(21)Womanmaybemoresusceptibletothelung-damagingeffecttosmokingthanmen,accordingtonewresearchbyInga-CecilieSoerheim,M.D.,andhercolleaguesfromChimingLaboratory,BrighamandWomenHospitalandUniversityofBergenNorway.(22)TheyanalyzedthedatafromtheNorwegiancasecontrolstudy,including954subjectswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD慢性阻塞性肺疾病)and955controls,allthecurrentorex-smokers.AndCOPDsubjecthadmoderateorsevereCOPD.Overallanalysisindicatedthewomenmaybemorevulnerabletotheeffecttosmoking,whichissomethingpreviouslysuspectedbutnotproven,saidDr.Soerheim.(23)ThestudyresultswouldbepresentedonMay18,atthe105thinternationalconferenceofAmericansocietyinSanDiego.Examiningthetotalstudysample,therewerenogenderdifferenceswithrespecttolungfunction(FEVI)andCOPDseverity,butthewomenwereonaverageyoungerandhadsmokedsignificantlylessthanmen.

Toexplorethesedifferencesfurther;theyalsoanalyzedtwosubgroupsofthestudysample:COPDsubjectsundertheageof60(earlyonsetgroup)andCOPDsubjectswithlessthan20packyearofsmoking(lowexposuregroup).Inbothsubgroups,womenhadmoreseverediseaseandgreaterimpairmentoflungfunctionthanmen.

“Thismeansthatfemalesmokersinourstudyexperiencedreducedlungfunctionatalowerlevelofsmokingexposureandatanearlieragethanmen,"saidDr.Soerheim.

Ithaslongbeensuspectedthattheeffectofsmokingonlungfunctionmaybemodifiedbygender.InteractionanalysisconfirmedthatbeingfemalerepresentsahigherriskofreducedlungfunctionandsevereCOPD,(24)butthisgendereffectofwasmostpronouncedwhenthelevelofsmokingexposurewaslow.ThegenderdifferenceinCOPDsusceptibilityseemstobemostimportantwhensmokingexposureislow.Womenmaytoleratesmallamountsoftobaccoworsethanmen,”Dr.Soerheimexplained.

AccordingtoDr.Soerheim,thereasonwhywomenmaybemoresusceptibletotheeffectsofcigarettesmokeisstillunknown,butthereareseveralpossibleexplanations:(25)“Womenhavesmallairways,thereforeeachcigarettesmaybemoreharm.Alsotherearegenderdifferencesinthemetabolismofcigarettesmoke,genesandhormonescouldalsobeimportant.”

21.What’sthemostlikelythetopicofthistalk?

【解析】从短文录音的第一句便可知道答案：Womanmaybemoresusceptibletothelungdamagingeffecttosmokingthanmen。因此本题答案为D。

22.HowmanysubjectsdidDr.Soerheimrecruitedinthestudy?

【解析】根据录音中..including954subjectswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)and955controls可知，总共招录的实验对象（subjects)）为954+955=1909，故本题答案为C。

23.WhenandwherewasDr.Soerheimpresenttheirstudyresults?

【解析】根据录音中的..May18,atthe115internationalconferenceofAmericandirectivesocietyinSantiago，可知本题的答案为A。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whenisthegenderdifferencemostlikelytobeobviouslyinCOPDsensibility?

【解析】从录音中“Butthisgenderresetwasmostpronouncedwomen’slevelofsmokingexposurewaslow”可知，当smokingexposure较低时，性别差异最明显。

25.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexplanationforwomen’sgreatsusceptibilitytotheeffectofsmoking?

【解析】从录音最后“Womenhavesmallairways,thereforeeatcigarettesmaydomoreharm.Alsotherearegenderdifferencesinthemetabolismofcigarettesmoke,genesandhormonescouldalsobeimportant.”可知，男女的新陈代谢和荷尔蒙差异、女性狭窄的气道都是让女性更容易受到吸烟后果影响的因素，但其中并未说女性比男性的新陈代谢更活跃，因此C正确。

20.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Thewoman’sclassmate.

B.Thewoman’sboyfriend.

C.Thewoman’sbrother.

D.Thewoman’steacher.

【答案】B

【解析】M:IheardallthetimethatJohnisdatingseveralgirls.

W:Butit’snottrue,hehasexplainedeverythingtome.

M:Doyoureallybelievewhathesaid?

W:Yeah,Ibelieveinourfeelingsforeachother.

Q:WhoisJohn?

【解析】推断题。根据对话推断John是对话中女士的男友。

21.单选题

7.

问题1选项

A.Two.

B.Three.

C.Four.

D.Five.

【答案】B

【解析】W:NowDaddyI’mwearingthisonyourchest.It’scalledstethocope.Itmightbealittlecold,I’llwarmitup.Feeltheend,OK?FirstofallI’lllistentoyourfrontandthenyourback.

M:Shehasgonethatalotoftimes.

Q:Howmanypeoplehavebeeninvolvedinthesituation?

【解析】推断题。父亲说：Shehasgonethatalotoftimes，由此推测，本段对话中除了父女俩还有第三人的存在。

22.单选题

7.

问题1选项

A.Shedidn’tdoanythinginparticular.

B.ShesendawoundedpersontotheER.

C.ShehadtoworkintheER.

D.Shewentskiing.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Didyoudoanythingovertheweekend?

M:Notmuch.Whatdidyoudo?

W:Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER.

Q:Whatdidthewomandoovertheweekend?

【解析】细节题。女士说：Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER(我本打算去滑雪，但不得不在设备间工作)。

23.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Inhisbag.

B.Bythelamp.

C.Inhishouse.

D.Noideaaboutwhereheleftit.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatareyoulookingfor?

M:Mylaptop.Ican’tfinditinmybagoranywhere.

W:Ican’trememberyoucarryingithere.Thinkaboutitonemoretime.

M:That’sright.Ileftitathome.

Q:Whereistheman’slaptop?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Ileftitathome，即他把电脑落家里了。

24.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】细节题。女士提议说待会去打网球，最后男士说：Seeyouinthecourt(球场上见)。

25.单选题

1.

问题1选项

A.About12pints.

B.About3pints.

C.About4pints.

D.About7pints.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Itwouldhelpmeifyoucouldgooverlastweekandgivemeanideahowmuchbeerdrankeachevening.

M:Well,letmesee,Iwentuptothepub4timeslastweek,anddrankabout3pintseachevening.

Q:Howmuchbeerdidthemandrinklastweek?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Iwentuptothepub4timeslast