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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.He’llgotoseeMr.Whiteat10:30.

B.He’dliketomakeanearlierappointment.

C.He’dliketocanceltheappointment.

D.He’dliketoseeanotherdentist.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Mytoothisbotheringme.WhencanIseeDr.White?

W:Howabouttomorrow?10:30OK?

M:Isn’tthereanythingearlier?

W:No.ButIwillcallyouifthereisacancellationbeforethen.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】男士说:Isn’tthereanythingearlier?(有没有办法早点儿?),由此可知他想早些看医生。

2.单选题

5.

问题1选项

A.Apatient.

B.Adoctor.

C.Ateacher.

D.Astudent.

【答案】D

【解析】W:WhenaredoctorPeterman’sofficehours?

M:Monday,WednesdayandFridayfrom10a.m.tonoon.

W:That’snotveryconvenientforme.Ihavepathologyclassthen.

Q:Whatistheman?

【解析】推断题。女士回答说:Ihavepathologyclassthen(那时我有病理学课),据此推断他们为学生。

3.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Eight-year-olds.

B.Twelve-year-olds.

C.Seventeen-year-olds.

D.Adults.

问题2选项

A.TheuseoffMRI.

B.Theuseofcomputertasks.

C.Thethree-waydivisionofthesubjects.

D.Theinstructionsgiventothesubjects.

问题3选项

A.12-year-oldsrespondstronglytonegativefeedback.

B.12-year-oldsfunctionthesameas8-year-olds.

C.8-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

D.12-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

问题4选项

A.Notbad.

B.Excellent.

C.Notsogood.

D.Gotitwrongthistime.30.

问题5选项

A.Scientists.

B.Thegeneralpublic.

C.Teachersatthekindergarten.

D.ChildrenwithAttentionDeficitDisorder

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】Eight-year-oldchildrenhavearadicallydifferentlearningstrategyfromtwelve-year-oldsandadults.(29)Eight-year-oldslearnprimarilyfrompositivefeedback,whereasnegativefeedbackscarcelycausesanyalarmbellstoring.(26)Twelve-year-oldsarebetterabletoprocessnegativefeedback,anduseittolearnfromtheirmistakes.Adultsdothesame,butmoreefficiently.DrEvelineCroneandhercolleaguesfromtheLeidenBrainandCognitionLabusedfMRIresearchtocomparethebrainsofthreedifferentagegroups:childrenofeighttonineyears,childrenofeleventotwelveyears,andadultsagedbetween18and25years.(27)Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore;thecomparisonisgenerallymadebetweenchildrenandadults.Croneherselfwassurprisedattheoutcome:(28)“Wehadexpectedthatthebrainsofeight-year-oldswouldfunctioninexactlythesamewayasthebrainsoftwelve-year-olds,butmaybenotquitesowell.Childrenlearnthewholetime,sothisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren:howcanyoubestrelayinstructionstoeight-andtwelve-year-olds?”Theresearchersgavechildrenofbothagegroupsandadultsaged18to25acomputertaskwhiletheylayintheMRIscanner.Thetaskrequiredthemtodiscoverrules.Iftheydidthiscorrectly,atickappearedonthescreen,otherwiseacrossappeared.MRIscansshowedwhichpartsofthebrainwereactivated.ThesesurprisingresultssetCronethinking.“Youstarttothinklessintermsof‘good’and‘notsogood’.Childrenofeightmaywellbeabletolearnextremelydifferently,onlytheydoitinadifferentway.”

26.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowinggroupscanbestlearnfromtheirmistakes?

【解析】根据录音可知,与8岁左右的孩子比较起来,12岁的孩子能接受负面反馈并从错误中学习,成年人也会如此,但更有效率(moreefficiently)。因此,本题选D。

27.WhatisnewaboutDr.Crone’sresearch?

【解析】短文中说:Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore,即这种三个层次的分界以前从未有过。因此本题正确答案为C。

28.WhathadDr.Croneandhercolleaguesexpected?

【解析】Crone博士和同事对结果也是大吃一惊,他们原本认为(hadexpected)8岁孩子与12岁孩子的大脑工作方式会完全一致,结果却不是。因此本题正确答案为B。.

29.Whichofthefollowingfeedbackcanbeststimulatetheeightyear-oldstolearn?

【解析】从录音中可知,8岁的孩子在正面反馈的刺激下会做得更好。这也是他们与12岁孩子不一样的地方。故本题答案为A。

30.Accordingtothetalk,whichgroupofpeoplewouldlearnandbenefitmost?

【解析】录音中提到,thisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren(这种新知识对想教孩子学习的人来讲有重要的意义)。因此本题正确答案为C。

4.单选题

14.

问题1选项

A.Sheisabsent-minded.

B.Sheisinhighspirits.

C.Sheisindifferent.

D.Sheiscompassionate.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Here’sanextrablanket.Letmetuckyouin.

M:You’resosweet.Whatisyourname?

W:MynameisAlice.I’llbeonshiftduringthedayforthenextfewdays.

Q:Whatcanbesaidofthewoman?

【解析】细节题。对话中女士要给男士加一条毛毯,男士说:You’resosweet,可知女士非常热心。

5.单选题

4.

问题1选项

A.Fullnessinthestomach.

B.Occasionalstomachache.

C.Stomachdistention.

D.Frequentbelches.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Howlonghaveyoubeenhavingthisproblem?

W:ItstartedinJune,soformorethan5monthsnow.Mystomachhurtsaftersomemealsbutnotalways.

Q:Whatdoesthewomancomplainof?

【解析】推断题。女士说:Mystomachhurtsaftersomemealsbutnotalways(进食后胃部会有疼痛的时候,但并非常态)。

6.单选题

问题1选项

A.Heisababysitter.

B.Heisanoncologist.

C.Heisapediatrician.

D.Heisanobstetrician.

【答案】D

【解析】12.M:Now,wouldyoupleaseliedownonthecouch?I’lltakealookatthebaby.I’lljustmeasuretoseewhatheightitis.Thebabyseemsslightlysmall.

W:Howdoyouknowthat?

M:Imeasurefromthetopofyourwombtoyourpubicbone.Thenumberofcentimetersisroughlyequaltothenumberofweeksyou’repregnant.

Q:Whatdoesthemando?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为:这个男人是做什么的?由文中“Imeasurefromthetopofyourwombtoyourpubicbone.Thenumberofcentimetersisroughlyequaltothenumberofweeksyou’repregnant.(我测量了一下你子宫顶端到耻骨的长度。这个长度大致和你怀孕周数一致)”,可知这个男人是产科医生,所以D选项“Heisanobstetrician.(他是产科医生)”符合原文。A选项“他是个保姆”;B选项“他是个肿瘤医师”;C选项“他是个儿科医生”不符合原文。

7.单选题

11.

问题1选项

A.Thechemistryhomeworkisdifficult.

B.Thechemistryhomeworkisfun.

C.Themathhomeworkisdifficult.

D.Themathhomeworkisfun.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Catherine,howisthemathhomeworkcoming?

W:That’sapieceofcake.Butthechemistryhomeworkisreallyahardnuttocrack.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】对话中女士说数学作业apieceofcake,即“小菜一碟”,但是chemistryhomeworkisreallyahardnuttocrack,即化学作业非常棘手。

8.单选题

1.

问题1选项

A.Howtodealwithhissleepingproblem.

B.Thecauseofhissleepingproblem.

C.Whatfollowshisinsomnia.

D.Theseverityofhismedicalproblem.

【答案】A

【解析】M:WhatabouttheproblemthatI’vebeenhavinginsleeping?

W:Iamgoingtogiveyouaprescriptionofsomemedicinetohelpyougetabetternight’ssleep.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?

【解析】细节题。通过对话得知,男士睡眠不好,女士要给他开药改善睡眠。

9.单选题

问题1选项

A.Animalabuseorcruelty.

B.Theevolutionofanimals.

C.Thehistoryofanimalhunting.

D.Anendangeredanimalspecies.

【答案】D

【解析】2.W:TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.

M:Mygreatgrandfatherwasahunter,andheusedtohuntSiberiantigers.Ireallywishhehadn’t.

Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为:这两个人在谈论什么?由文中“TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.(西伯利亚虎是现存最大的猫科动物。不幸的是,现在只有几百只还活着。)”,可知他们在谈论的是“濒临灭绝的野生动物”,所以D选项“Anendangeredanimalspecies(一种濒临灭绝的动物)”符合原文。A选项“残酷的虐待动物”;B选项“动物的进化”;C选项“动物狩猎的历史”不符合原文。

10.单选题

Virtually,everycellinthebodycontainsitsowncircadianclockmachinery.

问题1选项

A.Practically

B.Naturally

C.Superficially

D.Thoroughly

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.practically实际上地B.naturally自然而然地

C.superficially表面上地D.thoroughly彻底地;完全地

【答案】A

【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意:实际上,身体里的每个细胞都包含自己的生物钟机制。可知划线单词Virtually在本句当中表达“实际上”,因此该题选A。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】实际上,身体里的每个细胞都包含自己的生物钟机制。

11.单选题

2.

问题1选项

A.Tuberculosis(肺结核).

B.Rhinitis(鼻炎).

C.Laryngitis(喉炎).

D.Flu.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Goodafternoon,doctor.Ihaveaterribleheadache.YesterdayIhadarunnynose.Nowmynoseisstuffedup.

M:Letmegiveyouanexamination.First,letmehavealookatyourthroat.Ok,nowletmeexamineyourchest.Doyouhaveahistoryoftuberculosis?

W:No,Idon’tthinkso.

M:Yourthroatisinflamedandyourtongueisthicklycoated.Youhaveallthesymtomsofinfluenza.

Q:Whatisthewomansufferingfrom?

【解析】细节题。医生说:Youhaveallthesymptomsofinfluenza,即他认为女士有流感的所有症状。

12.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Helplessnessandworthlessness.

B.Feelinglikealoser.

C.Suicidalfeeling.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题2选项

A.Itencouragesthepatienttobeatopstudentatschool.

B.Itmotivatesthepatienttoworkbetterthanothers.

C.Itmakesiteasyforthepatienttomakefriends.

D.Ithelpsthepatientholdapositiveattitude.

问题3选项

A.Byencouragingthepatienttodotheoppositeatschool.

B.Byurgingthepatienttofaceanychallengeinreality.

C.Bymakingthepatientawareofhisorherexistence.

D.Bychangingthepatient’sperspective.

问题4选项

A.Thosewhostoptakingantidepressants.

B.Thosewhoaskformoremedications.

C.Thosewhoareonthemedications.

D.Thosewhoabusethemedications.

问题5选项

A.Anxiousness.

B.Nausea.

C.Fever.

D.Insomnia.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】“Mostpeoplethinkwhentheyaredepressed,itjustmeansyoufeelsad”,saysDoctorR,apsychiatristwithCornelluniversitymedicalcollege.Infact,theso-callcommonestsymptomsofdepressionareprobablythemostpainfulforalotofpeoplewhichareafeelingthatyouareuseless,worthless,unlovable,nogoodorloser.(26)Acommonestsymptomandamostextremesymptom,ofcourse,isasuicidalfeelingwhereyoufeelsohopelessthatyoudon’tbelieveanythingwillgetbetterandyouarebetteroff.

Combinedtherapychallengesthatkindofthinking.Forexample,say,youareadepressedteen,someoneatschoolsayssomethingcredible,typicallythatmightleadyoutothinkyouareacompletelyloser.(27)(28)Doctor

Fsaysthe

Combinedtherapyhelppatientsseeallthetimetheyhavebeensuccessful,bothatschoolandwithfriends.Itiscompletelytheoppositeofhowyoufeel.Soyouchallengethemwithreality.Andthenyoucorrecttheirdysfunctionalreleaseandthatwillactuallychangethewaytheyfeel,Fsays.It’sasortofpersonalrealitycheckthatwillconnectexperienceincontext.(29)Oncethecombinationofmedicationandtherapywork,patientmaydecidetostoptakinganti-depressants.Buttheyshoulddosowithcautionbecausetheymayexperiencesideeffect.Theycangetreboundkindofsymptoms.(30)Itcangrowthingslikefeelinganxious,orhavinginsomnia,verydizzyandhavingNausea.

26.Whatisthemostseriousfeelingforpeoplewhoaredepressed?

【解析】根据录音可知,很多抑郁症的人会觉得自己无用、没有价值、爰无能或者有失败的感觉。但是,最严重的一种感觉是想自杀的感觉。故C为正确选项。

27.Fromwhichanglecanthecombinedtherapyhelp?

【解析】通过录音可知,这个疗法能使得抑郁症患者觉得自己很成功,由此推理可知,该疗法是通过让病人持有积极的态度来进行治疗的。故本题选D。

28.Howcanpeopleindepressionbechangedafterthetreatment?

【解析】通过上文的解析可知,D为正确答案。

29.Whoaremorelikelytosufferfromsomesideeffects?

【解析】通过录音可知,一旦药物治疗和心理治疗起作用了,病人就可以停止服用镇静药物,但极有可能遭受一些副作用(sideeffect)。因此本题答案为A。

30.Whichofthefollowingisnottheside-effectsofstoppingmedicine?

【解析】从录音中可知,停药后的副作用可以是焦虑(anxiousness)、呕吐(nausea)、失眠(insomnia),但并未提及发烧(fever),因此本题答案为C。

13.单选题

问题1选项

A.Todropherbusinessproposal.

B.Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.

C.Toweighlossesandgainsofthebusiness.

D.Tosubmittheproposalbeforethedeadline.

【答案】B

【解析】4.W:Wouldyouliketohearaboutmynewbusinessproposal?I’vebeenthinkingaboutitforalongtime.AndIthinkitcouldbereallyprofitabletostartexportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.

M:ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.

Q:Whatisthewomanaskedtodo?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为:女士被要求做什么?由文中“ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.(出口3D医疗打印技术到中国,我想你还需要细化一下方案)”,可知B选项“Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.(要详细阐述一下她的建议)”符合原文。A选项“不考虑她的商业建议”;C选项“衡量企业的损益”;D选项“在截至日期之前提交提案”不符合原文。

14.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Inhisbag.

B.Bythelamp.

C.Inhishouse.

D.Noideaaboutwhereheleftit.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatareyoulookingfor?

M:Mylaptop.Ican’tfinditinmybagoranywhere.

W:Ican’trememberyoucarryingithere.Thinkaboutitonemoretime.

M:That’sright.Ileftitathome.

Q:Whereistheman’slaptop?

【解析】细节题。男士说:Ileftitathome,即他把电脑落家里了。

15.单选题

Measlesviruscanremainintheairforatleastacoupleofhours,infectinganyonewhoissusceptible,and(

)causingdeadlyoutbreaks.

问题1选项

A.particularly

B.positively

C.potentially

D.proficiently

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.particularly特别地;独有地B.positively肯定地;明确地

C.potentially可能地;潜在地D.proficiently精通地;熟练地

【答案】C

【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】麻疹病毒可以在空气中存活至少几个小时,感染任何易感人群,并……引发致命疫情。根据句意可知因为这种病毒在空气能存活的时间比较长,而且在空气中不容易被人发现,所以C选项“可能地;潜在地”符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】麻疹病毒可以在空气中至少存活几个小时,感染任何易感人群,并可能导致致命疫情爆发。

16.单选题

问题1选项

A.Hestayedupverylateattheparty.

B.Hedidn’tgohomeaftertheparty.

C.Hesuffersfromsleeplessness.

D.Heusedtobeinpoorhealth.

【答案】A

【解析】3.W:Youlooksobad.What’sup?

M:Myheadisspinning.Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.IguessIjustcan’ttakelatenightslikeIusedto.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为:有关这个男人,下列哪一项是正确的?由文中“Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.(昨天晚上我和一群朋友玩到很晚,直到三点才散。)”,可知A选项“Hestayedupverylateattheparty.(他熬夜参加聚会到很晚。)”符合原文。B选项“聚会结束后他没有回家”;C选项“他失眠”;D选项“他过去身体不好”不符合原文。

17.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Totakeiteasyandcontinuetowork.

B.Totakeasickleave.

C.Tokeepawayfromwork.

D.Tohaveafollow-up.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Doc,shouldIstayawayfromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.Justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdoesthemantellthewomantodo?

【解析】细节题。男士说:Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.Justremembertostaycalm(没必要不工作,只是要保持冷静)。

18.单选题

11.

问题1选项

A.Aspirant.

B.Courageous.

C.Cautious.

D.Amiable(温和的).

【答案】B

【解析】M:Katewastheonlyonebraveenoughtospeakhermindatthemeetingtoday.

W:Yeah,alotofpeoplefeltthesameway,butweretooscaredtosayanything.Shejustvoicedtheaspirationofthem.

Q:WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeKate?

【解析】细节题。根据对话可知,Kate敢于在会议上表达自己的想法,很多人也想如此,但因害怕沉默不语。故选B。

19.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】细节题。女士提议说待会去打网球,最后男士说:Seeyouinthecourt(球场上见)。

20.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.

B.Sheisunderpressure.

C.Shedoesn’tliketheweather.

D.Sheisfeelingrelieved.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Areyouhavinganyproblemslikeweakness,fatigue,orheadaches?

W:Well,Icertainlyfeltundertheweather.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】常用习语。女士说Icertainlyfeltundertheweather,即她觉得身体不适。

21.单选题

问题1选项

A.Minor

B.Moderate.

C.Intense.

D.Severe.

【答案】A

【解析】10.M:Howstrongisthepainexactly?Onascaleof1to10,howwouldyoudescribetheintensityofthepain?

W:I’dsaythepainisaboutoneonascaleof1to10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.Itjustkeepscomingback.

Q:Whichofthefollowingwouldbestdescribethewoman’spain?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为:以下哪个最能准确描述这个女士的伤痛?由文中“I’dsaythepainisaboutoneonascaleof1to10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.(我想说痛感是1到10等级的第一级。就像我说的,并不算很痛)”,可知A选项“Minor(轻度)”符合原文。B选项“中等的”;C选项“强烈的”;D选项“剧烈的”不符合原文。

22.单选题

11.

问题1选项

A.Discussingacase.

B.Defyingadiagnosis.

C.Performingasurgery.

D.Talkingwiththepatient.

【答案】A

【解析】W:What’sthemostlikelydiagnosisinthiscase?

M:Mostprobablytuberculosis.

W:What'sagainstthatdiagnosis?

M:Well,theinfectedhasn’thadanychangeinthehabitorlostweight.

Q:Whataretheydoingnow?

【解析】对话讨论的是某种病例的diagnosis(症状)。

23.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.Chemotherapy.

B.Radiation.

C.Injections.

D.Surgery.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatdoyouknowabouttreatmentsofcancer?

M:Chemotherapy.Buttheatmakesyourhairfallout,doesn’tit?

W:Yes,therearesomeunpleasantside-effects.I’mnotsureweneedtoconsiderthatatthisstage.Weshouldseewhetheraseriesofinjectionwillhelp.

Q:Whattreatmentwillthemanprobablyreceivefirst?

【解析】对话中女士说要先看看药物注射是否有效,患者的状况还不到进行化疗的程度。

24.单选题

GianlucaVialli,managerofChelseaFootballClub,expresseditexplicitlyenough:“Thefootisthetoolofthetradeofthefootballer.”Youmightthereforeexpectfootballerstotakeparticularlygoodcareoftheirfeet.ButresultspresentedatarecentconferenceofdermatologistsinAmsterdamsuggestotherwise.Professionalfootballersseemaslikelytosufferfromfungalinfectionsofthefootasotherpeople.

Onestudy,calledAchillesProject,lookedat76,475pairsoffeetbelongingtopeoplefrom18Europeancountries.Itfoundthat26%ofthesamplehadTineapedis,betterknownasathlete’sfoot,while30%hadOnychomycosis,aninfectionthatcausestoenailstobecomethickened,discoloredanddistorted.TheresultsshowedthatEastEuropeancountrieshaveconsistentlyhigherratesofinfection.Onaverage,30%ofBritons,GermansandBelgianshadsomeformoffungalinfection,comparedwith85%ofRussians,andlessthan10%ofSpaniards.

Furthermore,adultsundertheageof40whotookregularexercisehada40%greaterriskoffungalinfectionthanthosewhodidnot.Leisurecentersandswimmingpoolswereidentifiedaspotentialhealthhazardstotheverypeoplewhovisitthemtostayfit.Communalshowersandchangingroomsareperfectbreeding—groundsforthehighlyinfectiousfungithatspreadfootandnailinfection:upto1,500fungally-infectedskinfragmentspersquaremetershavebeenfoundinsomeleisurefacilities.Sweatysocksandwarm,dampsportsshoesprovideequallyhospitableenvironments.

Allofwhichgoessomewaytoexplainingthefootballers.Nodoubtallthattimespentinshowersandchanging-roomsispartlyresponsible.ButDr.Caputo,adermatologist,alsofoundanotherfactor:footballersareoftenreluctant,forsuperstitiousreasons,todiscardtheiroldboots.Hefoundthatplayersgetattachedtoparticularboots;iftheyscoreagoalwithone,theywillwearitagainandagain.Theriskofathlete’sfootmaybeasmallpricetopayforagoal.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Accordingtothepassage,“AchillesProject”wasdesignedto(

).

3.FromthedescriptionofTineapedisandOnychomycosis,wearesurethat(

).

4.Whichofthefollowingcan

besafelyinferredconcerningtheleisurecentersandswimmingpools?

5.WhatdidDr.Caputofindaboutfootballers?

问题1选项

A.Footballersdonotcarefortheirfeetasexpected.

B.Footballers’feetaremoresensitivetofungalinfections.

C.Footballersusuallycarefortheirfeetmorethanotherpeople.

D.Footballers’feetaremorevulnerablethanthoseofotherpeople.

问题2选项

A.serveasaglobalscreeningforfootinfections

B.collectasampleofinfectedathletesforresearch

C.lookintotheconditionsoffeetinEuropeancountries

D.findmeasuresforreducinghighratesoffootinfections

问题3选项

A.TineapedisaffectsathletesmorethanOnychomycosis

B.TineapedisandOnychomycosisarebothfungalinfections

C.TineapedisisamoreseriousinfectionthanOnychomycosis

D.Tineapedisismoresensitivetoanti-fungaldrugsthanOnychomycosis

问题4选项

A.Theycouldhelppeopleinonewayandharmtheminanother.

B.Theydonotspreadinfectionsasmuchasotherpublicplaces.

C.Theydonotperformadequatecheck-upsfortheirvisitors.

D.Theyareunlikelytospreadfungalinfection.

问题5选项

A.Theyplaytoomuchtokeeptheirfeetclean.

B.Theyusuallydonotthrowawaycomfortableboots.

C.Theybelievesomeshoesmaybringthemgoodluck.

D.Theyoftensticktohigh-pricedshoesforscoringgoals.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?我们可以从第一段中学到什么?

A.Footballersdonotcarefortheirfeetasexpected.A.足球运动员并不像预期的那样关心他们的脚。

B.Footballers’feetaremoresensitivetofungalinfections.B.足球运动员的脚对真菌感染更敏感。

C.Footballersusuallycarefortheirfeetmorethanotherpeople.C.足球运动员通常比其他人更关心自己的脚。

D.Footballers’feetaremorevulnerablethanthoseofotherpeople.D.足球运动员的脚比其他人的脚更容易受伤。

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第一段第二、三、四句“因此,你可能会期望足球运动员特别照顾好他们的脚。但最近在阿姆斯特丹举行的一次皮肤病专家会议上的结果却表明,情况并非如此。职业足球运动员似乎和其他人一样容易患足部真菌感染。”由文中第一段第二句可知A选项“足球运动员并不像预期的那样在意自己的脚”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“足球运动员的脚对真菌感染更敏感。”,文中提到“职业足球运动员似乎和其他人一样容易患足部真菌感染。”但并没有说足球运动员的脚更加容易感染,属于无中生有;

C选项“足球运动员通常比其他人更关心自己的脚。”,文中可知运动员并不像预期那样在意自己的脚,该选项属于反向干扰;

D选项“足球运动员的脚比其他人的脚更容易受伤。”第一段没有提及,属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,“AchillesProject”wasdesignedto().根据文章,“阿喀琉斯计划”被设计为____。

A.serveasaglobalscreeningforfootinfectionsA.作为全球脚部感染的筛查

B.collectasampleofinfectedathletesforresearchB.收集受感染运动员的样本进行研究

C.lookintotheconditionsoffeetinEuropeancountriesC.调查欧洲国家人的脚部情况

D.findmeasuresforreducinghighratesoffootinfectionsD.找出降低高脚部感染率的方法

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第二段第一句和第二句“一项名为阿喀琉斯计划的研究调查了来自18个欧洲国家的人的76,475双脚。”,由此句中“18个欧洲国家的人的76,475双脚”可知该计划是为了C选项“调查欧洲国家人的脚部情况”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“作为全球脚部感染的筛查”,原文中只提及了欧洲国家的脚部感染情况,该选项属于无中生有;

B选项“收集受感染运动员的样本进行研究”,在文中并未提及只收集了足球运动员的样本,属于无中生有;

D选项“找出降低高脚部感染率的方法”,由后文可知此计划是想找出感染的途径,该选项并未提及,属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

FromthedescriptionofTineapedisandOnychomycosis,wearesurethat().从足癣和甲真菌病的描述,我们确定____。

A.TineapedisaffectsathletesmorethanOnychomycosisA.足癣对运动员的影响大于甲真菌病

B.TineapedisandOnychomycosisarebothfungalinfectionsB.足癣和甲真菌病都是真菌感染

C.TineapedisisamoreseriousinfectionthanOnychomycosisC.足癣是一种比甲真菌病更严重的感染

D.Tineapedisismoresensitivetoanti-fungaldrugsthanOnychomycosisD.足癣对抗真菌药物比甲真菌病更敏感

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第二段第二句“结果发现,26%的样本患有足癣,也就是人们熟知的香港脚,而30%的样本患有甲癣,一种会导致脚趾甲变厚、变色和变形的感染。”由此句以及前文提及“阿喀琉斯计划调查真菌感染”,可知这两种病都是属于真菌感染。所以B选项“足癣和甲真菌病都是真菌感染”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“足癣对运动员的影响大于甲真菌病”,在文中并未提及属于无中生有;

C选项“足癣是一种比甲真菌病更严重的感染”,在文中没有提及属于无中生有;

D选项“足癣对抗真菌药物比甲真菌病更敏感”,在文中并未提及属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingcanbesafelyinferredconcerningtheleisurecentersandswimmingpools?关于休闲中心和游泳池,下列哪项可以安全推断出来?

A.Theycouldhelppeopleinonewayandharmtheminanother.A.它们可以以一种方式帮助人们,以另一种方式伤害他们。

B.Theydonotspreadinfectionsasmuchasotherpublicplaces.B.它们不像其他公共场所那样传播感染。

C.Theydonotperformadequatecheck-upsfortheirvisitors.C.他们没有为来访者进行充分的检查。

D.Theyareunlikelytospreadfungalinfection.D.它们不太可能传播真菌感染。

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第三段第二句和第三句“想保持健康的人们经常去的休闲中心和游泳池,被认为存在潜在健康危害。公共淋浴间和更衣室是传播足部和指甲感染的高传染性真菌的完美温床。”由这两句可知休闲场所和游泳池可以使人们健康,也可以使人们感染真菌,即在健康方面帮助人们但是又容易让人们感染真菌。因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“它们不像其他公共场所那样传播感染。”,原文中并未将这两个地方与其他公共场所进行比较,属于无中生有;

C选项“它们没有为来访者进行充分的检查。”,文中没有提及,属于无中生有;

D选项“它们不太可能传播真菌感染。”,文中提到“公共淋浴间和更衣室是传播足部和指甲感染的高传染性真菌的完美温床”,所以这两处地方容易传播真菌感染,该选项属于反向干扰。

5.【选项释义】

WhatdidDr.Caputofindaboutfootballers?卡普托医生对足球运动员有什么发现?

A.Theyplaytoomuchtokeeptheirfeetclean.A.足球运动员他们踢球太多,以至于不能保持脚的干净。

B.Theyusuallydonotthrowawaycomfortableboots.B.他们通常不会扔掉舒适的靴子。

C.Theybelievesomeshoesmaybringthemgoodluck.C.他们相信一些鞋子可以给他们带来好运。

D.Theyoftensticktohigh-pricedshoesforscoringgoals.D.他们经常为了进球而选择高价球鞋。

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段第三句“但皮肤科医生卡普托还发现了另一个因素:由于迷信的原因,足球运动员通常不愿扔掉他们的旧靴子。”由此句可知C选项“他们相信一些鞋子可以给他们带来好运”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“足球运动员他们踢球太多,以至于不能保持脚的干净。”,文中没有提及,属于无中生有;

B选项“他们通常不会扔掉舒适的靴子。”,属于无中生有;

D选项“他们经常为了进球而选择高价球鞋。”,属于无中生有。

25.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.Anewconceptofdiabetes.

B.ThedefinitionofType1andType2diabetes.

C.Thenewmanagementofdiabeticsinthehospital.

D.Thenewdevelopmentofnon-perishableinsulinpills.

问题2选项

A.Becauseitvaporizeseasily.

B.Becauseitbecomesoveractiveeasily.

C.Becauseitisusuallyininjectionform.

D.Becauseitisnotstableabove40degreesFahrenheit.

问题3选项

A.Thediabeticscanbecuredwithouttakingsyntheticinsulinanylonger.

B.Thefindingsprovideinsightintohowinsulinworks.

C.Insulincanbemorestablethanitisnow.

D.Insulincanbeproducednaturally.

问题4选项

A.Itisstableatroomtemperatureforseveralyears.

B.Itisadministereddirectlyintothebloodstream.

C.Itdeliversglucosefrombloodtothecells.

D.Itismorechemicallycomplex.25.

问题5选项

A.Whyinsulinisnotstableatroomtemperature.

B.Howimportantitistounderstandthechemicalbondsofinsulin.

C.WhypeoplewithType1andType2diabetesdon’tproduceenoughinsulin.

D.Whatshapeinsulintakeswhenitunlocksthecellstotakesugarformblood.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】(21)AteamofAustralianchemistrystudentshavestrengthenedthechemicalbondsofinsulintomakeitstableevenatwarmtemperatures—abreakthroughthatcouldsimplifydiabetesmanagement.Thefindingcouldshedlightonhowinsulinworksandeventuallyleadtoinsulinpills,ratherthaninjectionsorpumps.(22)Insulinneedstobekeptcoldbecauseitismadeofweakchemicalbondsthatdegradeattemperaturesabove40degreesFahrenheit,makingitinactive.Butusingaseriesofchemicalreactions,theresearchteam,comprisedofstudentsfromMonashUniversityinAustralia,replacedtheunstablebondswithstronger,carbon-basedones.Thestrongerbondsstabilizetheinsulin’stwoproteinchainswithoutinterferingwithitsnaturalactivity,accordingtoastoryaboutthefindingsatSciGuru.(24)Theso-called“dicarba”insulinswerestableatroomtemperatureforseveralyears,SciGurusays.(23)Evenmorepromisingisthatthefindingsprovideinsightintohowinsulinworks.

PeoplewithType1andType2diabetesdonotproduceenoughinsulin,whetherit’stheresultofanauto-immunedisorderthatstopsproducingitentirely(Type1)oraconditionbroughtonbyotherfactorslikeobesity,inwhichthebodycannolongeruseitproperly(Type2).Insulinisthemechanismthatdeliversglucosefromthebloodtothecells,sodiabeticsmusttakeasyntheticformofthehormone.(25)Wheninsulinunlockscellstoallowsugartobetakenupfromtheblood,thehormone’sshapechanges—butnooneissurewhattheshapelookslike.Ifresearchersknewthatshape,theycoulddesignsmaller;less-complexversionsofinsulinthatdon’tuseproteins.Thenitcouldbeadministeredinpillformratherthandirectlyintothebloodstream.Understandingthemolecule’schemicalbondsisasteptowardunlockingthatshape,theresearcherssay.

21.Whatisthemainideaofthetalk?

【解析】文章开头即给出了主旨:一组澳大利亚的化学系学生强化了胰岛素的化学键,以使其在高温下也能稳定。故选D。

22.Whydoesinsulinneedtobekeptcold,accordingtothetalk?

【解析】根据文章信息,胰岛素的化学结构较弱,在高温下会使胰岛素失效。故选D。

23.Whatmakestheresearchmorepromising?

【解析】根据原文信息可以得知:研究结果更有助于了解胰岛素是如何发挥效用的,故选B。

24.Whatistrueaboutthenewtypeofinsulin?

【解析】根据原文信息可以得知:这种新型胰岛

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