2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号58

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Icouldn'tsleepbecausethetapinthebathroomwas______.

问题1选项

A.draining

B.dropping

C.spilling

D.dripping

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。drain“排水；流干”；drop“落下”；spill“溢出”；drip“使滴下；溢出”。句意：浴室的水龙头一直在滴水，使我无法入睡。因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Ithasbeenrevealedthatnearlyoneinfivedegreecourseshasbeen（

）sincethetriplingoftuitionfeesto£9,000ayear.

问题1选项

A.scratched

B.scraped

C.scrabbled

D.scrapped

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。空格处需要填写的是动词过去分词形式。scratch“抓，搔”；scrape“刮掉，擦掉”；scrabble“摸索，挣扎”；scrap“废弃”。句意：据透露，自从学费翻了三倍至每年9000英镑后，近五分之一的学位课程被废弃了。因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

IwasinsomedoubtastowhethertheCorporalhad()usaccidentallyonhiswayoutofthetownorifhe'dbeendeliberatelytasked.

问题1选项

A.crashedon

B.bumpedinto

C.fallenagainst

D.puzzledabout

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。crashon“撞上”；bumpinto“无意中遇到”；fallagainst“绊倒在……”；puzzleabout“苦思冥想”。句意：我有些怀疑那个下士到底在出城的路上偶然碰上我们了还是被故意派来的。因此B选项符合题意。

4.单选题

ASurveyhasfoundthatthreequartersofmenquiteenjoytheirfoodshoppingexperienceandarehappyto______theirwayaroundtheaislessearchingoutproducts.

问题1选项

A.drive

B.steer

C.navigate

D.voyage

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析与搭配。drive“推动；驾驶；驱赶”；steer“控制；引导；驾驶”；navigate“操纵；导航；航行”；voyage“航行；渡过”。四个选项虽都与驾驶、航行有关，但其中只有navigate可与one’swayaround搭配。句意：一项调查发现，四分之三的男性非常享受他们的食品购物体验，他们很乐意推车购物车来回寻找商品。因此C选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,theydidnot()closeexamination.

问题1选项

A.putupwith

B.keepupwith

C.standupto

D.lookupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。putupwith“忍受，容忍”；keepupwith“赶得上；和……保持联系”；standupto“经得起；抵抗”；lookupto“尊敬”。句意：虽然这些假钞愚弄了许多人，但他们经不起仔细检查。因此C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

U.S.SecretaryofStateRice（）athree-daytriptotheMiddleEastwithanagreement

fromIsraeliandPalestinianleaderstoholdmeetingseverytwoweeks.

问题1选项

A.endedup

B.wrappedup

C.roundedup

D.summedup

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。endup“结束；死亡”；wrapup“包裹；圆满完成”；roundup“围捕；赶拢”；sumup“总结，概述”。句意：美国国务卿赖斯……中东为期三天的访问，与以色列和巴勒斯坦领导人达成协议，每两周举行会议。endup后如果要接名词，必须有with。因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Pleaseputyouremptycigarettepacketsandpaperbagsinthe______binsprovided.

问题1选项

A.junk

B.litter

C.scrap

D.deposit

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。junk“废物”；litter“垃圾”；scrap“残余物”；deposit“沉淀物”。Litterbin指“垃圾箱”，因此B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

________theythinkitwillcometoanendthroughthehandsofGod,oranaturaldisasterorapoliticalevent,whateverthereason,nearly15percentofpeopleworldwidethinktheendoftheworldiscoming,accordingtoanewpoll.

问题1选项

A.Either

B.Whether

C.Neither

D.If

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：一项最新调查显示，全世界近15%的人认为世界末日即将来临。要么是通过上帝之手，要么是天灾或者政治事件。根据题干中…or…可知空格处应填写与之搭配的词语，只有either…or…符合要求。因此A选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Asthedirectorcan'tcometothereception,I'mrepresentingthecompany______.

问题1选项

A.onhisaccount

B.onhisbehalf

C.forhispart

D.inhisinterest

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。onone’saccount“为了某人”；onone’sbehalf“代表”；forone’spart“对某人来说”；inone’sinterest无此短语用法。句意：因为主管不能出席招待会，我代表他参加。因此B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Salesofmushroomshavehitanall-timehighasBritonsincreasinglyturntothecheapand（

）foodstufffortheircooking.

问题1选项

A.versatile

B.multiple

C.manifold

D.diverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义词辨析。versatile“多才多艺的，多用途的”；multiple“多重的，复合的”；manifold“多方面的，各式各样的”；diverse“不同的，各种各样的”。句意：蘑菇的销量创下历史新高，因为英国人越来越多致力于寻找便宜的、多用途的食材做饭。因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

TheAmericanRevolutionhadnomedievallegalinstitutionsto（）ortorootout,apartfrommonarchy.

问题1选项

A.discard

B.discreet

C.discord

D.disgorge

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。空格后的or代表并列关系，因此选项应与rootout动词词性相符合。discard“抛弃，丢弃”；discreet“谨慎的”，没有动词用法；discord“不一致”；disgorge“吐出，被迫交出”。句意：除了君主政体，美国革命没有中世纪的法律制度可以废除或……。因此A选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Iwassupposedtogotoaconcertwithyoursistertheothernight,butyoursisterdidn’tturnup.Ican’tbelieveIhavebeen（）.

问题1选项

A.givenup

B.stoodup

C.leftup

D.takenup

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。giveup“放弃”；standup“坚持；站起来”；leaveup“放某人鸽子”；takeup“占据”。句意：那天晚上我本来要和你妹妹去听音乐会的，但是你妹妹没有来。不敢相信我居然被……。因此C选项符合句意。

13.单选题

Mostpeoplecan'tget______thedaywithoutatleastonecupofteaorcoffee.

问题1选项

A.on

B.through

C.over

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。geton“上车；进展”；getthrough“通过；度过”；getover“克服；恢复”；getby“获得认可”。句意：如果一杯咖啡都不喝的话，大多数人都不能度过一天。因此B选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Livingconstantlyintheatmosphereofslave,hebecameinfected（）theunconscious（）theirpsychology.Noonecanshieldhimself（）suchaninfluence.

问题1选项

A.on...by...at

B.by...for...in

C.from...in...on

D.through...with...from

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。infectsb.withsth.“用……感染……”是固定搭配；shieldfrom“庇护使免遭……”也是固定搭配；through表示感染渠道。因此D选项符合题意。

15.单选题

ThestatementsaidthepeopleofSrebrenica()tothepresidentsoftheUnitedStatesandFrancetohelphalttheoffensive.

问题1选项

A.aroused

B.ascribed

C.acclaimed

D.appealed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。arouse“引起，唤醒”；ascribe“归因于”；acclaim“称赞”；appeal“呼吁；请求”。句意：他在声明中说，斯雷布雷尼察人民向美国和法国总统请求帮助停止进攻。因此D选项符合题意。

16.单选题

______humanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesin______liferepeatthemselvesin______literature.

问题1选项

A./,/,the

B./,the,/

C.The,/,/

D.The,the,the

【答案】A

【解析】考查冠词的用法。Problems前面有human作定语，可不用定冠词。固定短语inlife中不需要加入定冠词。因此A选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Heisnotunderarrest,______anyrestrictiononhim.

问题1选项

A.orthepolicehaveplaced

B.orhavethepoliceplaced

C.northepolicehaveplaced

D.norhavethepoliceplaced

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒装句用法。根据句意，前半句与后半句均表示否定含义，因此后半句用nor引导。nor后应接倒装结构。因此D选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Whilehiseffortsweretremendoustheresultsappearedtobevery（）.

问题1选项

A.trigger

B.meager

C.vigor

D.linger

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。trigger诱发meager贫瘠的vigor精力linger消磨，徘徊。句意：尽管他付出了巨大努力，但是结果却不令人满意(收获很小)答案B。while表转折，可知前后形成对比。

19.单选题

Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.

Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoice.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrawacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.

1.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause（）.

2.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause______.

3.AccordingtoFriesandCrapo,soundhealthchoiceshouldbebasedon______.

问题1选项

A.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansociety

B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge

C.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses

D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth

问题2选项

A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficient

B.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisions

C.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriends

D.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflife

问题3选项

A.personaldecisions

B.society'slaws

C.friends'opinions

D.statisticalevidence

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：个人健康选择的概念很重要，因为______。文章第二句话提到“Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge”，可知个人健康的正确选择将避免约90%的疾病，如果不做合理选择就可能导致疾病。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。题干：合理的个人健康选择往往很难做出，因为______。由“choice”定位到文章第一段倒数第二句，往下看到第二段第一句对此现象做了总结：Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors。说明影响因素是方方面面的。因此B选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：弗里斯和克拉波认为，健康的选择应该基于______。根据文章最后两句可知弗里斯和克拉波认为“…personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity”，统计数据才能确定哪些是有利于健康的行为。因此D选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Somepeopleviewedthefindingswithcaution,notingthatacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpassivesmokingandcancerremained().

问题1选项

A.tobeshown

B.tohavebeenshown

C.tohaveshown

D.beingshown

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。remaintobedone“待完成；待处理”为固定用法。句意：一些人对研究结果持谨慎态度，指出吸二手烟和癌症之间的因果关系有待揭示。因此A选项符合题意。

21.单选题

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnoldarboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasarboretumdirectorJan.1hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch”thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtomollifythosewhodemandedcreditfortheirownearlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceMonday(Jan.10)，until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.

Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin’sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman’stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin’sEvolutionistAncestors，”tookplaceatthearboretum’sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin’sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin’swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies”.Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedtomeonnaturalselectionthatwouldn’tseepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace’sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace’sideasgalvanizedDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan“abstract”oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho’dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea，somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave一suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies，”wastheonlythinkerofthetimewhohadallthreeofthosetraits,Friedmansaid.

“Darwinhadtheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea，”Friedmansaid,addingthatevenWallace,whoseclaimtonewthinkingonevolutionandnaturalselectionwasstrongerthanalltheothers,paidhomagetoDarwinbytitlinghis1889bookonthesubject,“Darwinism.’’

1.AccordingtoWilliamFriedman,Darwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”isgreatinthat______.

2.FriedmanbelievesthatDarwinattacheda“historicalsketch”tolaterprintingsofhisbookinanattemptto_______.

3.InFriedman’sview,Darwin’soriginalityliesin_______.

4.WehavelearnedthatatfirstDarwinintendedtowritehisideain（）

5.ScientificdiscoveryrequiredallthefollowingExcept（）

问题1选项

A.itwasthemoststudiedbylaterscientists

B.ithadsignificantideasaboutevolutions

C.itwasthefirsttotalkaboutevolution

D.itwaswellreceivedbythepublic

问题2选项

A.credittheideasaboutevolutionbeforehis

B.claimhimselfasthefathterofevolution

C.introducehisgrandfathertothereader

D.summarizethispredecessors’work

问题3选项

A.histhinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolution

B.hissharingideasaboutevolutionwithhiscontemporaries

C.thewayhewrote“OntheOriginofSpecies”

D.thewayhelecturedontheideasofevolution

问题4选项

A.amuchlargerbook

B.a400book

C.scientificterms

D.plainlanguage

问题5选项

A.comingupwithanewidea

B.understandingthesignificanceoftheidea

C.makingclaimstotheideabywritingbooks

D.convincingothersofthecorrectnessoftheides

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。题干：根据威廉•弗里德曼的观点，达尔文的《论物种起源》很伟大，因为______。第二段第一句提到了WilliamFriedman的身份是arboretumdirector，由此可以找到第一段中他的观点“Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat”，与D选项对应。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：弗里德曼认为，达尔文在他的书的后期印刷中附上了一幅“历史素描”是试图_______。第二段最后提到“…the“historicalsketch”thatDarwinattached…wasintendedtomollifythosewhodemandedcreditfortheirownearlierideas”，他这么做是为了安抚那些为自己的早期的观点要求声望的人，因此A选项符合题意。

3.Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE细节题。题干：在弗里德曼看来，达尔文的独创性在于_____。本文第五段第一句提到达尔文的独创性：Though

othershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin’sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew.由此可知，虽然在达尔文之前就已经有人思考过进化的问题，但达尔文在这方面还是具有创造性。弗里德曼说，只有少数人认同达尔文在自然选择这种机制方面的见解。因此A选项符合题意。

4.细节题推理题。题干：我们已经知道，起初达尔文打算把他的想法写进______。由题干定位到文章第五段最后两句“Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages…itwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended…hebeganworkonadetailedtomeonnaturalselectionthatwouldn’tseepublicationuntil1975”，可知达尔文本身是有更宏大的写作计划。因此A选项符合题意。

5.判断推理题。题干：科学发现需要以下所有条件，除了______。文中第八段第一句提到了scientificdiscovery科学发现。第一句中的“requiresmorethanjustanidea”与A选项对应；第二句中的“theunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea”与B选项对应；第三句中的“theabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea”与D选项对应。因此C选项符合题意。

22.单选题

Jazztendstobeacasualdialogueformofdancequite（）inthereceptiveandmechanicalformsofthewaltz.

问题1选项

A.lacked

B.lacking

C.forlackof

D.lackof

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。空格处词语用来修饰前面的dance，所以是形容词性。lack与dance之间是主动关系，因此应使用动词的现在分词形式来修饰。因此B选项符合题意。

23.单选题

Newresearchsuggestsgossipcouldactuallylower______andhelppeopleovercomethefrustrationofseeingsomeonedoingsomethingwrongandgettingawaywithit.

问题1选项

A.press

B.bless

C.cress

D.stress

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近名词辨析。lower在句中表示动词用法，后面空格处应填名词。press“压；新闻”；bless无名词用法；cress“水芹”；stress“压力”。句意：新的研究表明，流言实际上可能会降低……并帮助人们克服看到有人做错事却没受惩罚的挫败感。因此选项D符合题意。

24.问答题

(1)AstudypresentedlastweekattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetingsuggeststhatmentalrelaxationproducedbymeditationmayhavephysiologicalbenefits,atleastinthecaseofpeoplewithestablishedcoronaryarterydisease.Researchersfollowedabout200high-riskpatientsforanaverageoffiveyears.Amongthe100whomeditated,therewere20heartattacks,strokesanddeaths；inthecomparisongroup,therewere32.(2)Themeditatorstendedtoremaindisease-freelongerandalsoreducedtheirbloodpressure.“Wefoundreducedbloodpressurethatwassignificant一thatwasprobablyoneimportantmediator，”saidDr.RobertSchneider,directoroftheInstituteforNaturalMedicineandPreventioninFairfield,Iowa,whopresentedthefindings.ThestudywasconductedattheMedicalCollegeofWisconsininMilwaukee,incollaborationwiththeinstitute.Dr.Schneidersuggestedthat(3)thestressreductionproducedbythemeditationcouldcausechangesinthebrainthatcutstresshormonesanddeceleratetheprocessesassociatedwithatherosclerosis(动脉硬化).

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(2).

【答案】1：AccordingtoastudyattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetinglastweek,thinkingdeeplyinsilencecangeneratespiritualrecreation,whichmaybegoodtoone’sphysiology,atleastitistrueforthosewhosufferfromcoronaryarterydisease.

2：Thosewhoremaininasilentandcalmstateforaperiodoftimeareinclinedtodiseaseinalongertime,andtheirbloodpressurebecomelower.

3：Slientlythinkingcanreleasepressure,whichcouldleadtosomechangesinthebrain,anditcanreducethepressurehormonesandcontrolthedeteriorationofatherosclerosis.

25.单选题

Heneverfeltthatbeingdisabled（）himofallmoralresponsibilitytohimselfandhiscommunity.

问题1选项

A.released

B.relieved

C.removed

D.relied

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。release“释放；允许发表”；relieve“解除；减轻；使放心”；remove“移动；开除”；rely“依靠，信赖”。句意：他从不认为，变得残疾……他所有对自己和社区的道德责任。可知“减轻”更合适，因此B选项符合题意。

26.单选题

Atfirst,movieswerelittlemorethanamusingthatappearedtomove.

问题1选项

A.novels

B.novelties

C.notices

D.novices

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。novel“小说”；novelty“新奇的事物”；notice“通知”；novice“初学者”。句意：起初，电影只不过是似乎会移动的有趣的……。选项B符合题意。

27.单选题

（）sermonsretainedtheirpreeminenceinreligiouslifeduringmostofthetwentiethcentury,theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplacesaschurchesdevotemoreenergytosocialactivities.

问题1选项

A.As

B.For

C.While

D.Although

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑知识。前半句中“sermonsretainedtheirpreeminence”表示肯定意义，后半句提到“theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplaces”，可知语气出现了转折。因此D选项符合题意。

28.单选题

Oneroomschools,withallsubjectsbeingtaughttoallgradesatthesametime,simply_____whenbettertransportationpermitsspecializedspacesandspecializedteaching.

问题1选项

A.resolved

B.absolved

C.dissolved

D.solved

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近动词辨析。resolve“解决；决心要”；absolve“免除，赦免”；dissolve“溶解；解散”；solve“解决”。句意：只有一间教室的学校，所有科目同时教授给所有年级的学生，当更好的交通条件允许有专门的空间和专门的教学时，就简单地……。这里用“解散”更符合句意，因此C选项符合题意。

29.单选题

Thebeliefthatthemindplaysanimportantroleinphysicalillnessgoesbacktotheearliestdaysofmedicine.FromthetimeoftheancientGreekstothebeginningofthe20thcentury,itwasgenerallyacceptedbybothphysicianandpatientthatthemindcanaffectthecourseofillness,anditseemednaturaltoapplythisconceptinmedicaltreatmentsofdisease.Afterthediscoveryofantibiotics,anewassumptionarosethattreatmentofinfectiousorinflammatorydiseaserequiresonlytheeliminationoftheforeignorganismoragentthattriggerstheillness.Intherushtodiscoverantibioticsanddrugsthatcurespecificinfectionsanddiseases,thefactthatthebody’sownresponsescaninfluencesusceptibilitytodiseaseand-itscoursewaslargelyignoredbymedicalresearchers.

Itisironicthatresearchintoinfectiousandinflammatorydiseasefirstled20th-centurymedicinetorejecttheideathatthemindinfluencesphysicalillness,andnowresearchinthesamefield—includingtheworkofourlaboratoriesandofourcollaboratorsattheNationalInstitutesofHealth一isprovingthecontrary.Newmolecularandpharmacologicaltoolshavemadeitpossibleforustoidentifytheintricatenetworkthatexistsbetweentheimmunesystemandthebrain，anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly.Chemicalsproducedbyimmunecellssignalthebrain,andthebraininturnsendschemicalsignalstorestraintheimmunesystem.Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress.Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetworkinanyway,whetherinheritedorthroughdrugs,toxicsubstancesorsurgery,exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders.

Theclinicalsignificanceofthesefindingsislikelytoproveprofound.Theyholdthepromiseofextendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies,andviceversa.Theyalsohelptosubstantiatethepopularlyheldimpression(stilldiscountedinsomemedicalcircles)thatourstateofmindcaninfluencehowwellweresistorrecoverfrominfectiousorinflammatorydiseases.

Thebrain’sstressresponsesystemisactivatedinthreateningsituations.Theimmunesystemrespondsautomaticallytopathogensandforeignmolecules.Thesetworesponsesystemsarethebody’sprincipalmeansformaintaininganinternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis.Asubstantialproportionofhumancellularmachineryisdedicatedtomaintainingit.

Whenhomeostasisisdisturbedorthreatened,arepertoireofmolecular,cellularandbehavioralresponsescomesintoplay.Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate.Theycanbespecifictotheforeigninvaderoraparticularstress,ortheycanbegeneralizedandnonspecificwhenthethreattohomeostasisexceedsacertainthreshold.Theadaptiveresponsemaythemselvesturnintostressorscapableofproducingdisease.Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease.

1.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtosuggestthat（）

2.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemind-bodyinteractionindisease?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutclinicalsignificanceofthenewfindingscanbebest

supportedbythepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Accordingtothepassage,inordertomaintainaninternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis,（

）.

问题1选项

A.ithasalwaysbeenthebeliefofbothphysicianandpatientthatone’sstateofmindcanaffectphysicaldisease

B.thepopularbeliefthatstressexacerbatesinflammatoryillnesshasalwaysbeendiscreditedbythedoctors

C.thediscoveryofantibioticsshedslightonpeople’sunderstandingofthemind-bodyinteractionindisease

D.thereisanewunderstandingofthecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem

问题2选项

A.Thebrainandimmunesystemssendsignalstoeachother.

B.Theimmuneandcentralnervoussystemsareorganizedinverydifferentwaystoaffectthecourseofillness.

C.Disruptionofthecommunicationofthebrainandimmunesystemcancurecertaindisease.

D.Theimmunesystemandthebrainsharealotofhormonestofacilitatetheircommunication.

问题3选项

A.Theresponsivenesstostressisgeneticallydetermined.

B.Thetreatmentofimmunemaladiescanbeconsciouslycontrolled.

C.Psychoactivedrugsmayinsomecasesbeusedtotreatinflammatorydiseases.

D.Socialinteractionscanlessenpsychologicalstressandalterimmuneresponses.

问题4选项

A.Takingthecureatamountainsanatoriumdoesn’tworkforthetreatmentformanychronicdiseases.

B.Therelaxingeffectsofhot-springsspacanhelprestorethecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem.

C.Thedisruptionofthebrain’sstressresponsereducesthebody’sresponse.

D.Depressionisalsoassociatedwithinflammatorydisease.

问题5选项

A.sometimesthestressresponseneedstogototheextreme

B.thestressresponsehastobartheforeignpathogensfromthebody

C.boththestressandimmuneresponsesneedtoberegulated

D.theimmunesystempromotesphysiologicalandbehavioralchanges

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨题。题干：这篇文章提供的信息表明了_____。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease”可知，我们才刚刚开始了解大脑和免疫系统之间的相互依赖关系，它们是如何帮助彼此调节和反调节的，以及它们自身是如何失灵和产生疾病的。由此可知人们对大脑和免疫系统之间的关系有了新的认识。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：下列哪一项最能说明疾病中的身心互动？Themind-bodyinteraction对应文章第二段的theimmunesystemandthebrain，文中提到“anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly”，可知A选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：关于新发现的临床意义，下列哪一项陈述能最好地得到这篇文章的支持？文章第三段第一句提到“signigicance”,后句中“…extendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies...”正好对应C选项内容。因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：从文章中可以推断出下列哪个陈述？A和B选项与本文无关。第二段提到“Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress”，说明有影响，但C选项中的reduce并不能体现。第二段最后一句“Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetwork…exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders”正说明精神状况对于疾病的影响，因此D选项符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，为了保持一种叫做内稳态的内部稳定状态______。根据题干定位到文章第四段第三句，根据第五段中“Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate”可知为了维持人体内部的平衡，应激反应必须将外来病原体从体内消除。因此B选项符合题意。

30.单选题

Theawardceremonywillbethe______oftheinauguralSingaporeInternationalWaterWeekthatisheldfrom23to27June2008．

问题1选项

A.twilight

B.insight

C.highlight

D.highland

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。twilight“黄昏，薄暮”；insight“洞察力”；highlight“最精彩的部分”；highland“高地”。句意：届新加坡国际水资源周于2008年6月23日至27日举行，颁奖仪式将是开幕式上的亮点。因此C选项符合题意。

31.单选题

Beingborninthesummercouldgiveyouasunnydispositionforlife.Andawinte