2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号29

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Hewasregretfuloverhisimpracticalgoalwhichjustturnedouttobea___.

问题1选项

A.mirage

B.miracle

C.migrate

D.mirador

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项mirage“海市蜃楼；幻想，妄想”；B选项miracle“奇迹，奇迹般的人或物；惊人的事例”；C选项migrate“迁移；移民”；D选项mirador“凸窗（可眺望优美景色）；塔楼”。句意：他对自己不切实际的目标感到遗憾，因为那只是___。本句表达“不切实际的目标是海市蜃楼”，因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Ⅷ.(ForensicAppraisal)

ForensicevidencehasplayedaroleinmanyCanadianwrongfulconvictions.In2007,theSupremeCourtheldina4:3decisionthatpost-hypnosis(催眠后)identificationsshouldnotbeadmittedbecauseoftheirunknownreliabilityandtheriskofwrongfulconvictions.ThisdecisionpresentsapotentialforCanadiancourtstoplacestricterreliability-basedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityofexpertevidenceincludingunreliableforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.Atthesametime,variousinquirieshavemademanyimportantrecommendationsaboutreformingthepracticeoftheforensicsciences.Manyoftheserecommendationshavebeenimplemented,thoughthetendencyhasbeentodosoonadiscipline-by-disciplineandjurisdiction-by-jurisdictionbasis.

AnumberofwrongfulconvictionsinCanadahavebeencausedbyfaultyforensicevidence.Therearetwomainwaystorespondtosuchdangers.Oneisbyreformingtheproductionofthestate’sforensicevidence.Theotherisforthecourtstoplacereliabilitybasedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityorcontentofforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.TheCommissionofInquiryintoProceedingsAgainstGuyPaulMorininits1998reportfoundthatOntario’sForensicCentreforForensicSciencehadmadenumerousmistakesintheproductionofhairandfibreevidencethatpurportedtolinkMr.MorintothemurderbeforehisDNAexoneration.ThisinquiryheardtestimonythatCrownprosecutorshadassumedthattheCentrewasinfallibledespitefindingproblemsincontaminationofevidenceandthemisuseofpublishedresearch.ManyreformswereintroducedatthatcentralcrimelaboratoryinOntariointhewakeofthehighlypublicizedinquiry.Adecadelater,asimilarinquirywasheldintheneighbouringprovinceofManitobawhenhaircomparisonevidencewasagainrefutedbyDNAtesting.TheManitobainquiryheardthattheRoyalCanadianMountedPolicelabshadstoppedconductinghaircomparisonevidenceinlightofmoreadvancedDNAtesting,butstoppedshortofrecommendingthatsuchhaircomparisonevidencebeinadmissible.Italsodidnotrecommendthatthecrimelaboratoriesbeseparatedfromthepolice.Finally,itsuggestedthatitdidnothavejurisdictiontoorderanationalauditofcasesthatreliedonhaircomparisonevidence,eventhoughtheprovinceofManitobahadconductedsuchaninquiry.

ManyofthesamethemesfoundintheMorininquirywhichfocusedonhairandfibrecomparisonevidencere-emergedadecadelaterwhentheOntarioCommissionofInquiryintoForensicPediatricPathology(theGoudgeInquiry)recommendedsimilarreformstothepracticeofforensicpathology.

79.AftertheSupremeCourtdecisionin2007,theadmissibilityofforensicevidencebecame___.

80.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthewaytorespondtothedangersofwrongfulconviction?

81.OnefindingincommonintheinquiryoftheprovincesofOntarioandManitobaisthat___.

82.Theunderlinedword“theme”canbereplacedbythefollowingwordinthecontext___.

问题1选项

A.stricter

B.morereliable

C.morereliabilitybased

D.moreexpertise

问题2选项

A.Haircomparisonevidenceisinadmissible.

B.Thestate’sforensicevidenceproductionshouldbereformed.

C.Variousinquiriesshouldbeearnedouttomakerecommendationsaboutreformingthepracticeoftheforensicsciences.

D.Thecourtsshouldimposereliabilitybasedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityorcontentofforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.

问题3选项

A.theforensiccentersmadenumerousmistakesintheproductionofhairandfibreevidence

B.theevidencehadbeencontaminated

C.thetwoprovincesareconductedhaircomparison

D.thehaircomparisonevidencedoesnotmatchtheDNAevidence

问题4选项

A.subject

B.subjectmatter

C.topic

D.issue

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】79.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段ThisdecisionpresentsapotentialforCanadiancourtstoplacestricterreliability-basedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityofexpertevidenceincludingunreliableforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.（这一决定意味着加拿大法院有可能对专家证据的可采性，包括国家提供的不可靠的法医证据，施加更严格的基于可靠性的限制）可知，法庭证据的可采性会基于更多的可靠性而不是使得法院证据的可采性变得更可靠，选C选项“基于更多的可靠性”，同时可知B选项“更可靠”错误；A选项“严格”以及D选项“更多的专业知识”和原文不符。因此C选项正确。

80.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文根据第二段TheManitobainquiryheardthattheRoyalCanadianMountedPolicelabshadstoppedconductinghaircomparisonevidenceinlightofmoreadvancedDNAtesting,butstoppedshortofrecommendingthatsuchhaircomparisonevidencebeinadmissible.（曼尼托巴省的调查人员听说，由于更先进的DNA测试，加拿大皇家骑警实验室已经停止了毛发比较证据的研究，但并没有建议不采纳这种毛发比较证据）可知A选项“毛发比较证据不被采纳”不符合原文，不是应对错误定罪危险的方法；第二段Therearetwomainwaystorespondtosuchdangers.Oneisbyreformingtheproductionofthestate’sforensicevidence.Theotherisforthecourtstoplacereliabilitybasedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityorcontentofforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.（应对这些危险主要有两种方法。一是改革国家法医证据的制作。另一种是法院对国家提供的法医证据的可采性或内容进行基于可靠性的限制）可知B选项“国家的法医证据制作应该改革”和D选项“法院应该对国家提供的法医证据的可采性或内容施加基于可靠性的限制”符合原文；根据第三段whentheOntarioCommissionofInquiryintoForensicPediatricPathology(theGoudgeInquiry)recommendedsimilarreformstothepracticeofforensicpathology.（当安大略儿童法医病理学调查委员会建议对法医病理学的实践进行类似的改革时，这些主题再次出现）可知C选项“应开展各种调查，提出改革法医学实践的建议”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

81.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“theprovincesofOntarioandManitoba”定位到原文…foundthatOntario’sForensicCentreforForensicSciencehadmadenumerousmistakesintheproductionofhairandfibreevidencethatpurportedtolinkMr.MorintothemurderbeforehisDNAexoneration.（对盖伊•保罗•莫林诉讼程序的调查委员会在其1998年的报告中发现，安大略省法医科学法医中心在提供头发和纤维证据方面犯了许多错误，这些证据据称是在莫林先生的DNA免责之前将他与谋杀案联系起来的）以及Adecadelater,asimilarinquirywasheldintheneighbouringprovinceofManitobawhenhaircomparisonevidencewasagainrefutedbyDNAtesting.（十年后，在邻近的马尼托巴省进行了一次类似的调查，当时头发比对的证据再次被DNA测试所驳倒）可知选D选项“头发对比证据与DNA证据不匹配”；A选项“法医中心在制作头发和纤维证据时犯了许多错误”以及C选项“两省进行头发比较”并不是共同的发现；B选项“证据被污染了”和原文不符。因此D选项正确。

82.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】词义推测题。根据题干关键字定位到原文最后一段ManyofthesamethemesfoundintheMorininquirywhichfocusedonhairandfibrecomparisonevidencere-emergedadecadelaterwhentheOntarioCommissionofInquiryintoForensicPediatricPathology(theGoudgeInquiry)recommendedsimilarreformstothepracticeofforensicpathology.（10年后，安大略省儿科法医病理学调查委员会(Goudgeinquiry)建议对法医病理学的实践进行类似的改革，Morin调查聚焦于头发和纤维的比较证据，许多同样的主题再次出现。）可知本句中themes表示“主题”，多指文学、艺术作品的主题，或论文、演说的主题，原文中指对在头发和纤维的比较证据这方面研究/讨论所出现的主题；四个选项都有“主题”的含义，A选项subject指书籍、文章、演讲、讨论等中所隐含的、暗示的，需要由读者或听众推断的主题或中心话题；B选项subjectmatter指供讨论、思考或研究时考虑的东西；C选项topic可指文章、讲话的题目，谈话的内容，又可指提纲中的标题甚至段落的主题或中心思想，普通用词，含义广泛，但其范畴小于subject；D选项issue指有争论、议论，急需讨论研究的热点话题；本题B选项更符合题意，表示对在头发和纤维的比较证据这方面研究/讨论所出现的主题。因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

I.Jurisprudence

ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000,theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore:“Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.”

Thousandsofotherexamplescouldbecited.TheRuleofLawisseenasafragilebutcrucialideal,andonethatisappropriatelyinvokedwhenevergovernmentstrytogettheirwaybyarbitraryandoppressiveactionorbyshort-circuitingthenormsandprocedureslaiddowninacountry’slawsorconstitution.Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.

Iwouldliketoconsidertheroleofthisidealingeneraljurisprudence,thatis,intheconceptualworkthatwedoinlegalphilosophywhenwetrytoexplainwhatlawis.Iamgoingtoarguefortwopropositions:IshallarguethatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawandourunderstandingoftheconceptoflawoughttobemuchmorecloselyconnectedthantheyareinmodernjurisprudence;IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.

Ishallargue,moreover,thatthesetwopropositionsareconnected.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.TheproceduralaspectoftheRuleofLawhelpsbringourconceptualthinkingaboutlawtolife;andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.

51.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

52.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTanabuseoftheRuleofLaw?

53.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

54.Whichstatementiscorrectaccordingtothe4thparagraph?

问题1选项

A.JusticeStevensdidnotagreewiththemajorityoftheJustices.

B.Theyear2000wasayearwherePresidentialelectionwasheld.

C.TheJusticesknewwhotheloserwasintheelection.

D.Ateverystageofthedebate,theRuleofLawwasinvoked.

问题2选项

A.LettingthecourtdecidethefinalresultofthePresidentialelection.

B.Arrestingsomeonewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess.

C.Agovernmentagencygivingorderstocourtsforspecificcases.

D.Puttingsomeoneintojailwithoutatrialbycourt.

问题3选项

A.thescholars’understandingoftheRuleofLawiscorrect

B.theunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizeboththesubstantiveandproceduralaspects

C.whenpeopletrytoexplainwhatlawis,theytalkabouttheRuleofLaw

D.lawsaresettled,determinaterules

问题4选项

A.OneshouldlookattheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemes.

B.TheRuleofLawshouldbeseenpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.

C.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflaw.

D.UnderstandingoflawsbothasrulesandasthoseusedincourtroomshelpstounderstandtheRuleofLaw.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】51.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore（每一个阶段，每个问题的各方都援引了《法治》，最终以大法官史蒂文斯在布什诉戈尔案中提出的著名异议告终），结合法律知识，此处的异议是指案外人对执行标的提出不同的意见，而不是大法官史蒂文斯不同意大多数人的意见，A选项“法官史蒂文斯不同意大多数法官的意见”和原文不符，同时可知D选项“辩论的每一阶段都援引了《法治》”符合原文；第一段ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000…（许多读者会记得2000年佛罗里达选举失败时的情形……）可知2000年正在进行总统选举，B选项“2000年是总统选举举行的一年”符合原文；第一段Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.（尽管我们可能永远无法完全确定今年总统选举的赢家是谁，但输家的身份是非常清楚的。这是国家对法官作为法治公正监护人的信任）可知C选项“法官们知道谁是选举中的失败者”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

52.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“anabuseoftheRuleofLaw”定位到原文第二段Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.（干涉法庭、在没有法律依据的情况下监禁某人、在没有正当程序保障的情况下拘留人、为党派利益操纵宪法——所有这些都被视为对法治的滥用）可知A选项“让法院决定总统选举的最终结果”，B选项“在没有任何正当程序保障的情况下逮捕某人”，D选项“未经法庭审判就把某人关进监狱”属于对《法治》的滥用，A选项属于为党派利益操纵宪法，法院不能直接决定总统选举的结果。C选项“针对特定案件向法院下达命令的政府机构”不属于原文所提到的对《法治》的滥用。因此C选项正确。

53.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.（我还认为，我们对《法治》的理解不仅应强调既定的、确定的规则的价值和它们使之成为可能的可预测性，而且还应强调法律实践的程序和辩论方面的重要性）可知作者认为对《法治》的理解还应该强调实体和程序两个方面，选B选项“对法治的理解应该强调实体和程序两个方面”，同时可知D选项“法律是既定的，确定的规则”不符合原文，原文只是说不仅应该强调既定的，确定的规则，不能过度推测出法律是既定的，确定的规则；A选项“学者们对法治的理解是正确的”和C选项“当人们试图解释什么是法律时，他们谈论的是法治”第三段未涉及，排除。因此B选项正确。

54.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第四段ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.（当我们至少部分地从程序性和辩论性的主题来理解《法治》时，要比单纯地从确定性和可预见性来理解法治时，更容易理解法治与法律概念之间的联系）可知选A选项“人们应该至少从程序和辩论主题的角度看《法治》”，同时可知B选项“法治应该纯粹从确定性和可预见性的角度来看待”和原文相悖，以及C选项“更容易把握法治与法律概念之间的联系”不完整；第四段andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.（而对法律制度的理解，既强调法庭上的辩论，也强调规则的存在和承认，为更丰富地理解法治在现代政治辩论中所包含的价值提供了基础）可知同时强调法庭上的辩论和规则的存在能帮助对法律制度的理解，而对法律制度的理解为了丰富地理解法治在现代政治辩论中所包含的价值提供了基础，D选项“将法律理解为规则和法庭上使用的规则有助于理解《法治》”和原文有偏差，排除。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

The___ofhisprofessiondonotpermithimtodothat.

问题1选项

A.ethics

B.ethnics

C.morality

D.morale

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ethics“伦理学；伦理观；道德标准（道德信仰和对与错的规则，常用于伦理方面）”；B选项ethnics“[人类]人种学”；C选项morality“道德（认为某些行为是正确和可接受的，而其他行为是错误的信念）；品行；美德”；D选项morale“士气；斗志”。句意：他的职业道德标准不允许他那样做。本句表达“职业道德标准”，属于伦理方面的对错规则，因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Weweregreatlysurprisedbytheway___thingsweredonehere.

问题1选项

A.what

B.inwhich

C.as

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。本句主语是we，谓语为词组weresurprisedby，宾语theway；thingsweredonehere属于完整的句子，根据句意可知修饰theway；结合四个选项可知空格处要填入从句关系词。判断出此处考查theway+从句的固定用法：theway后引导定语从句的关系词有三种：1.that；2.inwhich；3.省略。句意：我们对这里的做法感到非常惊讶。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Thelittlemanwas___onemeterfiftyhigh.

问题1选项

A.almostmorethan

B.hardlymorethan

C.nearlymorethan

D.asmuchas

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项almostmorethan“几乎超过”；B选项hardlymorethan“不足；仅仅”；C选项nearlymorethan“差不多超过”；D选项asmuchas“几乎；多达；至多”。句意：这个矮小的男人身高___一米五十。本句表达“矮小的男人身高不足一米五”因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

I.Jurisprudence

Itispracticallyimpossibletoimagineconstitutionallawwithoutdissent.TheveryfirstopinionintheCharterera—thePatriationReference—wasmarkedbyit.Dissentispowerfulandevocative,evenmythic;itsuggestsroadsnottakenandparalleluniverses.Itevokesafundamentaland,sometimes,unsettlingcontingencyaboutlaw.Itcanbeproblematic,disruptingeasyunderstandingsofhowtoacourt“getsitright”and,thus,damagingtoacourt’slegitimacy.

Yet,dissenthaspositiveaspects,too.Itcan:betterarticulatenormsandunderstandingsunderlyingkeydecision-rules;provideacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy;laythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw;provideanecessaryoutletfordisagreementthatotherwisemightconstrainandfrustratejudicialactors;andevensecurebroaderacceptanceofamajoritydecisionbyshowingthatitisaproductofdeliberation.

Inthispaper,Ipresentanotherpossible“upside”todissentthatfocusesontheissueinQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.A:equality.First,IcanvasstwowaysthatdissentmanifestsinCharterjurisprudence:one(functional)relatingtothejudiciary’sappropriateroleinconstitutionaldisputes;andtheother(principled)relatingtotheidentification,scopeorapplicationofrulesandnorms.Thetwomodelsarerichlyrepresentedinequalityjurisprudence.IntheSupremeCourt’sfirstSection15case,Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbia,theCourtdividedoverthefunctionalquestionofhowcloselytheCourtshouldscrutinizelegislateddifference.Insubsequentcases,theCourthasstruggledtoreachconsensusonthemeaningofequalityitself—anissueofprinciple.

Thefactthatequalityjurisprudencehasbeencharacterizedbychronicdisagreementmightappearunfortunate.Butmyreviewofsection15caselawsuggeststhat,byprovidingthespacetofullyfleshoutpointsofdisagreement,dissenthascontributedtoricheraccountsofequality.BorrowingthelanguageofCassSunstein,Isuggestthatadividedequalitydecisionthatistheresultoffailuretoreachagreementon“deep”issuesispreferabletoonethat,asthepriceofunanimity,remains“shallow”.IconcludethatthedecisioninQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Aisdeepratherthanshallowandso,despiteitsfrustratingdivisions,itisonthewholebetterthanmanyoftheunanimousequalitydecisionsthatprecededit.

1.TheauthorlistedthefollowingpositiveaspectsofdissentBUT___.

2.Fromthethirdparagraph,onecanknowthefollowingBUT___.

3.Theauthorthinksthatadividedequalitydecisionispreferablebecause___.

4.Whatisthemostsuitabletopicfortheseparagraphs?

问题1选项

A.Itprovidesacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy

B.Itcanlaythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw

C.Itcanprovideanecessaryoutletfordisagreement

D.Itcanbedamagingtoacourt’slegitimacy

问题2选项

A.Theauthordiscussesthecasesinwhichthefunctionofdissentsisobviousintwoways

B.Thesubsequentcasesweredecidedbyconsensus

C.Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbiaisaconstitutionalcaserelatingtoSection15

D.Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbiawasnotdecidedunanimously

问题3选项

A.itcontributestoricheraccountsofequality

B.itisdeep

C.itisonthewholebetter

D.isfrustratinglydivided

问题4选项

A.TheDissentinEqualityJurisprudence

B.TheUpsideofDissent

C.TheUpsideofDissentinEqualityJurisprudence

D.TheEqualityJurisprudence

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Itcanbeproblematic,disruptingeasyunderstandingsofhowtoacourt“getsitright”and,thus,damagingtoacourt’slegitimacy.（它可能会造成问题，扰乱人们对法院如何“正确处理”的简单理解，从而损害法院的合法性）可知选D选项“它可能会损害法院的合法性”，D选项不属于积极的方面；根据题干关键词“positiveaspectsofdissent”定位到原文第二段Yet,dissenthaspositiveaspects,too.Itcan:betterarticulatenormsandunderstandingsunderlyingkeydecision-rules;provideacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy;laythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw;provideanecessaryoutletfordisagreementthatotherwisemightconstrainandfrustratejudicialactors;（然而，异议也有积极的一面。它可以：更好地阐明关键决策规则背后的规范和理解；对盛行的正统学说提供一种反叙事；为法律的未来发展奠定基础；为可能限制和挫败司法行为人的分歧提供一个必要的发泄途径）可知A选项“它是对主流正统观念的一种反驳”，B选项“可以为法律的未来发展奠定基础”，C选项“它可以为分歧提供一个必要的出口”都属于积极的方面。因此D选项符合题意。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段IntheSupremeCourt’sfirstSection15case,Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbia,theCourtdividedoverthefunctionalquestionofhowcloselytheCourtshouldscrutinizelegislateddifference.Insubsequentcases,theCourthasstruggledtoreachconsensusonthemeaningofequalityitself—anissueofprinciple.（在最高法院第15节的安德鲁斯诉不列颠哥伦比亚省法律协会案中，最高法院就法院应在多大程度上仔细审查立法上的差异这一功能问题存在分歧。在随后的案件中，最高法院一直在努力就平等本身的含义达成共识——这是一个原则问题）可知B选项“随后的案件由协商一致决定”不符合原文，原文只是提到在随后的案件中，最高法院一直在努力就平等本身的含义达成共识，以及C选项“安德鲁斯诉英属哥伦比亚法律协会案是与第15条有关的宪法案件”，D选项“安德鲁斯诉英属哥伦比亚法律协会案并不是一致决定的”符合原文；定位到原文第三段First,IcanvasstwowaysthatdissentmanifestsinCharterjurisprudence:one(functional)relatingtothejudiciary’sappropriateroleinconstitutionaldisputes;andtheother(principled)relatingtotheidentification,scopeorapplicationofrulesandnorms.（首先，我考察了不同意见在宪章判例中的两种表现方式：一种（功能性）与司法机关在宪法争端中的适当作用有关；另一个（原则性的）与规则和规范的确定、范围或适用有关）可知A选项“作者从两个方面讨论了不同意见的作用”符合原文。因此B选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到最后一段最后一句IconcludethatthedecisioninQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Aisdeepratherthanshallowandso,despiteitsfrustratingdivisions,itisonthewholebetterthanmanyoftheunanimousequalitydecisionsthatprecededit.（我的结论是，魁北克（总检察长）诉A案的裁决是深刻的，而不是肤浅的，因此，尽管存在令人沮丧的分歧，但总体上比之前许多一致通过的平等裁决要好）可知选B选项“它是深刻的”，因为裁决更深刻，所以尽管有分歧，但总体上还是比之前许多一致通过的平等裁决要好，C选项“总体上比较好”错误，逻辑关系和原文相反，D选项“令人沮丧的分裂”逻辑关系错误；A选项“它有助于更丰富的平等的解释”在原文中提及，但并不是作者认为分割的平等决定更可取的原因，只是说dissenthascontributedtoricheraccountsofequality（不同意见有助于更丰富地解释平等）。因此B选项正确。

4.推理判断题。文章第一段提出宪法没有异议是不可能的，以及提到异议可能带来的问题，引出第二段，提出异议的积极面；第三段Inthispaper,Ipresentanotherpossible“upside”todissentthatfocusesontheissueinQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.A:equality.（在这篇论文中，我提出了另一个可能的“积极面”，以关注魁北克（总检察长）诉案的问题：平等）可知，这一篇文章主要在讨论异议的积极面，以及基于全文在探讨法律的基调，则选C选项“平等法学中异议的正面”；A选项“平等法中的异议”，D选项“平等法理学”太过片面；B选项“异议的好处”范围太广，概括不如C选项精确。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

___amountsofnoxiouswastesaredumpedintotheSonghuajiangRiver.

问题1选项

A.Appreciated

B.Appreciable

C.Appreciative

D.Appreciating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近字辨析。A选项Appreciated“欣赏（appreciate的ed形式）；感激；使增值；鉴别”；B选项Appreciable“可感知的；可评估的；相当可观的”；C选项Appreciative“感激的；赏识的；有欣赏力的；承认有价值的”；D选项Appreciating“欣赏（appreciate的ing形式）；感激；使增值；鉴别”。句意：___数量的有毒废物倾倒进松花江。空格处修饰amounts这一名词，需要填入形容词，排除A、D选项。本句表达“相当可观的数量的……”，因此B选项正确。

9.翻译题

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

本周末，一个著名网站中止了音乐和影视的下载服务，由此引起人们对多媒体文件共享网站命运的严重关注。自星期六起，通过进入音乐或电影频道的路径被屏蔽，或者被导向其他网站。VeryCD的首席执行官黄一孟告诉记者，中止服务是为了避免著作权侵权。

【答案】Thisweekend,awell-knownwebsitesuspendedthedownloadserviceofmusicandmovies,whichcausedseriousconcernaboutthefateofmultimediafilesharingwebsites.SinceSaturday,accesstomusicormoviechannelsviahasbeenblockedordirectedtootherwebsites.VeryCDCEOHuangYimengtoldreportersthatthesuspensionofserviceistoavoidcopyrightinfringement.

10.单选题

Thepartywasexcellent,andI’dliketothankallthe___.

问题1选项

A.concerningpeople

B.peopleconcerning

C.peopleconcerned

D.concernedpeople

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语。concerned是分词形容词，其意为“有关的”（involved）；concerning是由分词转换而成的介词，其意为“关于”（relatingto），结合句意：这个聚会太棒了，我要感谢所有___人。可知本句表达“有关的人”，排除A选项和B选项，concerned通常作后置定语，放在修饰的词之后。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Twodivergentdefinitionshavedominatedsociologists’discussionsofthenatureofethnicity.Thefirstemphasizestheprimordialandunchangingcharacterofethnicity.Inthisview,peoplehaveanessentialneedforbelongingthatissatisfiedbymembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculture.Adifferentconceptionofethnicityde-emphasizestheculturalcomponentanddefinesethnicgroupsasinterestgroups.Inthisview,ethnicityservesasawayofmobilizingacertainpopulationbehindissuesrelatingtoitseconomicposition.Whilebothofthesedefinitionsareuseful,neitherfullycapturesthedynamicandchangingaspectsofethnicityintheUnitedStates.

Rather,ethnicityismoresatisfactorilyconceivedofasaprocessinwhichpreexistingcommunalbondsandcommonculturalattributesareadaptedforinstrumentalpurposesaccordingtochangingreal-lifesituations.

OneexampleofthisprocessistheriseofparticipationbyNativeAmericanpeopleinthebroaderUnitedStatespoliticalsystemsincetheCivilRightsmovementofthe1960’s.BesidesleadingNativeAmericanstoparticipatemoreactivelyinpolitics(thenumberofNativeAmericanlegislativeofficeholdersmorethandoubled),thismovementalsoevokedincreasedinterestintribalhistoryandtraditionalculture.Culturalandinstrumentalcomponentsofethnicityarenotmutuallyexclusive,butratherreinforceoneanother.

TheCivilRightsmovementalsobroughtchangesintheusestowhichethnicitywasputbyMexicanAmericanpeople.Inthe1960’s,MexicanAmericansformedcommunity-basedpoliticalgroupsthatemphasizedancestralheritageasawayofmobilizingconstituents.SuchemergingissuesasimmigrationandvotingrightsgaveMexicanAmericanadvocacygroupsthemeansbywhichtopromoteethnicsolidarity.LikeEuropeanethnicgroupsinthenineteenth-centuryUnitedStates,late-twentieth-centuryMexicanAmericanleaderscombinedethnicwithcontemporarycivicsymbols.In1968HenryCensors,thenmayorofSanAntonio,Texas,citedMexicanleaderBenitoJuarezasamodelforMexicanAmericansintheirfightforcontemporarycivilrights.Andeveryyear,MexicanAmericanscelebrateCincodeMayoasferventlyasmanyIrishAmericanpeopleembraceSt.Patrick’sDay(botharemajorholidaysinthecountriesoforigin),withbothholidayshavingbeenreinventedinthecontextoftheUnitedStatesandlinkedtoideals,symbols,andheroesoftheUnitedStates.

46.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Whichisthefollowingstatementsaboutthefirsttwodefinitionsofethnicitydiscussedinthefirstparagraphissupportedbythepassage?

48.TheauthorofthepassagereferstoNativeAmericanpeopleinthesecondparagraphinordertoprovideanexampleof____.

49.ThepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheMexicanAmericancommunity?

50.Whichofthefollowingtypesofethnicculturalexpressionisdiscussedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Intheirdefinitionsofthenatureofethnicity,sociologistshaveunderestimatedthepoweroftheprimordialhumanneedtobelong.

B.Ethnicityisbestdefinedasadynamicprocessthatcombinesculturalcomponentswithsharedpoliticalandeconomicinterests.

C.IntheUnitedStatesinthetwentiethcentury,ethnicgroupshavebeguntoorganizeinordertofurthertheirpoliticalandeconomicinterests.

D.EthnicityintheUnitedStateshasbeensignificantlychangedbytheCivilRightsmovement.

问题2选项

A.Oneissupportedprimarilybysociologists,andtheotherisfavoredbymembersofethnicgroups.

B.Oneemphasizesthepoliticalaspectsofethnicity,andtheotherfocusesontheeconomicaspects.

C.OneistheresultofanalysisofUnitedStatespopulations,andtheotheristheresultofanalysisofEuropeanpopulations.

D.Onefocusesmoreontheancestralcomponentsofethnicitythandoestheother.

问题3选项

A.theabilityofmembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculturetosatisfyanessentialhumanneed.

B.howethnicfeelingshavebothmotivatedandbeenstrengthenedbypoliticalactivity.

C.howtheCivilRightsmovementcanhelppromotesolidarityamongUnitedStatesethnicgroups.

D.howparticipationinthepoliticalsystemhashelpedtoimproveagroup’seconomicsituation.

问题4选项

A.Inthe1960’stheMexicanAmericancommunitybegantoincorporatethecustomsofanotherethnicgroupintheUnitedStatesintotheobservationofitsownethnicholidays.

B.Inthe1960’sMexicanAmericancommunitygroupspromotedethnicsolidarityprimarilyinordertoeffecteconomicchang