电线电缆行业大全

电力电缆介绍电力电缆的分类1电力电缆种类电力电缆型号中字母与数字的意义特性绝缘种类导体内护层特征外护层十位个位ZR—阻燃TZR—特种阻燃NH—耐火DL—低卤WL—无卤Z—纸X—橡皮V—聚氯乙烯Y—聚乙烯YJ—交联聚乙烯L—铝铜芯不标注V—聚氯乙烯内护套Y—聚乙烯内护套H—普通橡套F—氯丁橡套L—铝包Q—铅包D—不滴流F—分相护套P—屏蔽Z—直流CY—充油无铠2—双层钢带铠装3—细钢丝铠装4—粗钢丝铠装0—无外被套1—纤维外被套2—聚氯乙烯外护套3—聚乙烯外护套2.2绝缘材料及护套的选择优点绝缘性能良好，制造工艺简便，价格较低，无论明敷或穿管都可取代橡皮绝缘线，可节约大量橡胶和棉纱。缺点对气候适应性能较差，低温时变硬发脆，高温或日光照射下增塑剂容易挥发而使绝缘老化加快。2.2.2聚氯乙烯绝缘及护套电力电缆优点制造工艺简便，没有敷设高差限制，重量轻，弯曲性能好，接头制作简便，耐油，耐酸碱腐蚀，不延燃；具有内铠装结构，使钢带或钢丝免受腐蚀；价格便宜。缺点绝缘电阻较油浸纸绝缘电缆低，介质损耗较高，因此6KV重要回路电缆，不宜用聚氯乙烯绝缘型电力电缆。2.2.3交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆2.2.1塑料绝缘电线2.3铠装选择：

各种电缆外护层及铠装的适用敷设场合各种电缆外护层及铠装的适用敷设场合注：1.“√”表示适用；“○”表示外被层为玻璃纤维时适用；无标记则不推荐采用。2.裸金属护套一级防腐外护层由沥青复合物加聚氯乙烯护套组成。3.铠装一级防腐外层由衬垫层、铠装层、外被层组成。衬垫层由两个沥青复合物、聚氯乙烯带和浸渍皱纸带的防水组合层组成；外被层由沥青复合物、浸渍电缆（或浸渍玻璃纤维）和防止粘合的涂料组成。4.裸铠装一级防腐外护层的衬垫层与铠装一级外护层的衬垫层相同，但没有外被层。5.铠装二级防腐外护层的衬垫层与铠装一级外护层的衬垫相同；钢带和细钢丝铠装的外被层由沥青复合物和聚氯乙烯护套组成；粗钢丝铠装的镀锌钢丝外面挤包一层聚氯乙烯护套或其它同等效能的防腐涂层，以保护钢丝免受外界腐蚀。

6.如需要用于湿热带地区的防霉特种护层可在型号规格后加代号“TH”。7.单芯钢带铠装电缆不适用于交流线路。2.4电线、电缆截面的选择电线、电缆截面选择应满足允许温升、电压损失、机械强度等要求。2.4.1按温升选择截面为保证电线、电缆的实际工作温度不超过允许值，电线、电缆按发热条件的允许长期工作电流（以下简称载流量），不应小于线路的工作电流。2.4.2按经济电流密度校验截面选择经济截面可按年费用支出最小原则来确定，年费用支出计算公式为B=0.11Z+1.11N式中Z—投资；N—年运行费，包括电能损耗费、折旧费等，使用年限按25年计算。

输电线路经济电流密度单位：A/mm2最大负荷利用小时(h/a)<3000(一班制)3000~5000(二班制)>5000(三班制)架空线裸铝绞线、铜芯铝绞线1.651.150.90裸铜绞线3.002.251.75电缆铝芯1.921.731.54铜芯2.502.252.002.4.3按电压损失校验截面线路电压损失允许值名称允许电压损失（%）从配电变压器二次侧母线算起的低压线路从配电变压器二次侧母线算起的供给有照明负荷的低压线路从110（35）/10（6）KV变压器二次侧母线算起的10（6）KV母线53~552.4.4按机械强度校验截面按机械强度导线允许的最小截面单位：mm2聚氯乙烯绝缘电力电缆规格范围2.5电力电缆产品和型号聚氯乙烯绝缘电力电缆型号、名称、敷设场合型号名称敷设场合铜芯铝芯VVVLV聚氯乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆可敷设在室内、隧道、电缆沟、管道、易燃及严重腐蚀地方，不能承受机械外力作用VYVLY聚氯乙烯绝缘聚乙烯护套电力电缆可敷设在室内、管道、电缆沟及严重腐蚀地方，不能承受机械外力作用VV22VLV22聚氯乙烯绝缘钢带铠装聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆可敷设在室内、隧道、电缆沟、地下、易燃及严重腐蚀地方，不能承受拉力作用VV23VLV23聚氯乙烯绝缘钢带铠装聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆可敷设在室内、电缆沟、地下及严重腐蚀地方，不能承受拉力作用VV32VLV32聚氯乙烯绝缘细钢丝铠装聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆可敷设在地下、竖井、水中及易燃及严重腐蚀地方，不能承受大拉力作用VV33VLV33聚氯乙烯绝缘细钢丝铠装聚乙烯护套电力电缆可敷设在地下、竖井、水中及严重腐蚀地方，不能承受大拉力作用VV42VLV42聚氯乙烯绝缘粗钢丝铠装聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆可敷设在竖井、易燃及严重腐蚀地方，能承受大拉力作用VV43VLV43聚氯乙烯绝缘粗钢丝铠装聚乙烯护套电力电缆可敷设在竖井及严重腐蚀地方，能承受大拉力作用2.5.1聚氯乙烯绝缘电力电缆聚氯乙烯绝缘电力电缆规格范围绝缘的标称厚度塑料外套的标称厚度2.5.2交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆0.6/1kv交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆型号、名称及适用范围型号名称用途YJVYJLV铜芯或铝芯交联聚乙烯绝缘、聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆敷设在室内、隧道内及管道中，可经受一定的敷设牵引，但电缆不能承受机械外力作用，单芯电缆不允许敷设在磁性材料管道中YJV22YJLV22铜芯或铝芯交联聚乙烯绝缘、聚氯乙烯护套内钢带铠装电力电缆敷设在室内、隧道内、管道及埋地敷设，电缆能承受机械外力但不能承受大的拉力YJV32YJLV32铜芯或铝芯交联聚乙烯绝缘、聚氯乙烯护套内钢丝铠装电力电缆敷设在高落差地区或矿井中、水中，电缆能承受相当的拉力和机械外力作用0.6/1kv交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆产品规格0.6/1kv交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆的主要技术性能电缆额定电压0.6/1kv绝缘热延伸试验200℃15min20N/cm2压力载荷下最大伸长率不大于(%)175线芯直流电阻按GB3957-83或IEC228-78冷却后最大永久伸长率(%)15工频5min耐压试验(kv)3.5kv不击穿4h工频耐压试验(kv)不击穿2.40.6/1kv单芯交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆

0.6/1kv单芯交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆

0.6/1kv(3+2)芯交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆0.6/1kv(4+1)芯交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆2.6电线电缆载流量

所列空气中敷设载流量表是以环境温度30℃为基准，埋地敷设载流量表是以环境温度25℃、土壤热阻系数为1.2℃.m/W为基准。在不同敷设条件下，电线、电缆允许的载流量尚应乘以相应的校正系数。为使用方便，编入了不同环境温度下的载流量数据。在空气中敷设（明敷）的有25、30、35℃及40℃四种，耐热塑料绝缘线及乙丙电缆有50、55、60℃及65℃四种，在土壤中直埋地敷设的有20、25℃及30℃三种。2.6.1载流量表的说明当敷设处的环境温度不同于上述数据时，载流量应乘以校正系数Kt，其计算公式为

式中θn——电线、电缆线芯允许长期工作温度，℃θa——敷设处的环境温度，℃θc——已知载流量数据的对应温度，℃电线、电缆线芯允许长期工作温度电线、电缆种类线芯允许电线、电缆种类线芯允许长期工作温度(℃)长期工作温度(℃)橡皮绝缘电线500V65通用橡套软电缆

500V65塑料绝缘电线500V70橡皮绝缘电力电缆500V65粘性油浸纸绝缘电力电缆1~3KV80

不滴流油浸纸单芯及分相铅包1~6KV806KV6510KV7010KV60绝缘电力电缆

带绝缘35KV8035KV506KV65交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆1~10KV9010KV6535KV80裸铝、铜母线或裸铝、铜绞线70聚氯乙烯绝缘电力电缆1~6KV70乙丙橡皮绝缘电缆90空气中敷设不同环境温度时载流量的校正系数Kt值线芯长期工作温度(℃)空气温度℃202530354045901.081.0410.960.910.87801.11.0510.950.890.84701.121.0610.940.870.79651.131.0710.930.850.76601.151.0810.910.820.71501.221.1210.870.710.5直埋地敷设不同环境温度时载流量的校正系数Kt值线芯长期工作温度(℃)土壤温度℃1520253035901.071.0410.960.92801.091.0410.950.9701.11.0510.940.88651.121.0610.930.87601.131.0710.920.85501.181.0910.890.77穿电线钢管或塑料管在空气中多根并列敷设时载流量的校正系数Kg值

管子并列根数载流量校正系数管子并列根数载流量校正系数2~40.954根以上0.90电缆在托盘、梯架内多根并列敷设时载流量的校正系数Klq值不同土壤热阻系数直埋地电缆载流量的校正系数Ktr值及土壤情况截面(mm2)不同土壤热阻系数ρt(℃.m/W)0.81.21.62.03.02.5~1625~95120~2401.111.141.161.001.001.000.920.910.910.860.830.830.750.740.74土壤情况潮湿地区：沿海、湖、河畔地带，雨量多的地区，如华东、华南地区等；湿度大于9%的砂土或湿度大于14%的砂-泥土普通土壤；如东北大平原夹杂质的黑土或黄土，华北大平原黄土、黄粘土、砂土等；湿度为7%~9%的砂土或湿度为12%~14%的砂-泥土较干燥土壤：如高原地区，雨量较少的山区、丘陵、干燥地带；湿度为8%~12%的砂-泥土干燥土壤：如高原地区、雨量少的山区、丘陵、干燥地带湿度为4%~7%的砂土或湿度为4%~8%的砂-泥土多石地层、非常干燥湿度<4%的砂土确定电缆载流量的环境温度电缆间净距(mm)3芯电缆根数123456781002003001.001.001.000.880.900.920.840.860.890.800.830.870.780.820.860.750.800.850.730.800.850.720.790.84埋地多根并列敷设时载流量的校正系数Kld值聚氯乙烯绝缘电线明敷的载流量（θn=70℃）截面(mm2)铝芯（BLV型）铜芯（BV、BVR型）25℃30℃35℃40℃25℃30℃35℃40℃11.52.54610162535507095120150185192734456385111138175217265302345403182532425980105130165205250280325380172430405575991221551932352683063571622283751709111314417821824828331120253445588011114618022828134539845651919243242557510513817021526532537543049018233040527199130160202249306353404461172128374865911201481872312833263744262.6.2塑料绝缘电线载流量：2.6.3聚氯乙烯绝缘电力电缆载流量2.6.4交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆载流量2.6.5涂漆矩形母线载流量单片母线的载流量（θn=70℃）2-3片组合涂漆母线的载流量（θn=70℃、θa=25℃）2.7电压损失计算2.7.1导线电阻计算（1）导线直流电阻

ρθ=ρ20[1+α(θ-20)]Ω.CM2.7.1-2上两式中L——线路长度，m；A——导线截面，mm2；Cj——绞入系数，单股导线为1，多股导线为1.02；ρ20——导线温度为20℃时的电阻率，铝线芯（包括铝导线、铝电缆、硬铝母线）为0.0282Ω.μm（或0.028*10-4Ω.cm），铜线芯（包括铜电线、铜电缆、硬铜母线）为0.0172Ω.μm（即0.0172*10-4Ω.cm）；ρθ——导线温度为θ℃时的电阻率，Ω.μm（或10-4Ω.cm）；α——电阻温度系数，铝和铜都取0.004；θ——导线实际工作温度，℃。2.7.1-2

Rj=KjfKljRθΩ2.7.1-3（2）导线交流电阻2.7.1-42.7.1-5Rθ——导线温度为θ℃时的直流电阻值，ΩKjf——集肤效应系数，电线的Kjf可用式2.7.1-4计算（当频率为50HZ、芯线截面不超过240mm2时，Kjf均为1），母线的Kjf见表Klj——邻近效应系数，电线的Klj可从曲线求取，母线的Klj取1.03；ρθ——导线温度为θ℃时的电阻率，其值见表r——线芯半径，cmδ——电流透入深度，cm，因集肤效应使电流密度沿导线横截面的径向按指数函数规律分布，工程上把电流可等效地看作仅在导线表面δ厚度中均匀分布，不同频率时的电流透入深度δ值见表δμ——相对导磁率，对于有色金属导线为1；f——频率，HZ。上三式中母线的集肤效应系数Kjf母线尺寸宽*厚mm铝铜母线尺寸铝铜宽*厚mm30*411.00563*81.031.0940*41.0051.01180*81.071.1240*51.0051.018100*81.081.1650*51.0081.028125*81.1121.2250*6.31.011.0463*101.081.1463*6.31.021.05580*101.091.1880*6.31.031.09100*101.131.23100*6.31.061.14125*101.181.25导线温度为θ℃时的电阻率ρθ值导线类型绝缘电线、聚氯乙烯绝缘电缆裸母线、裸绞线1KV油浸纸绝缘电力电缆线芯工作温度℃606575铝3.271*10-63.328*10-63.440*10-6铜1.995*10-62.030*10-62.098*10-6不同频率时的电流透入深度δ值频率HZ铝cm铜cm60℃65℃75℃60℃65℃75℃501.3491.3611.3831.0391.0481.0663000.5510.5550.5650.4240.4280.4354000.4770.4810.4890.3670.3710.3775000.4270.430.4370.3290.3310.33710000.3020.3040.3090.2320.2340.238电线、母线和电缆的感抗按下式计算X‘=2πfL’2.7.2-12.7.2导线电抗计算式中

2.7.2-2

当f=50HZ时，式2.7.2-1可简化为

2.7.2-3X‘——线路每相单位长度的感抗，Ω/km;f——频率，HZ；L‘——电线、母线或电缆每相单位长度的电感量，H/km；Dj——几何均距，cm，对于架空线为见图，穿管电线及圆形线芯的电缆为d+2δ,扇形线芯的电缆为h+2δ,见图；r——电线或圆形线芯电缆主线芯的半径，cmd——电线或圆形线芯电缆主线芯的直径，cm；DZ——线芯自几何均距或等效半径，cm，其值见表δ——穿管电线或电缆主线芯的绝缘厚度，cm；h——扇形线芯电缆主线芯的压紧高度，cm。以上三式中线芯自几何均距Dz值2.7.3电路电压损失线路电压损失的计算系数C值(cosΨ=1)2.7.4电缆电路的电压损失35KV油浸纸绝缘电力电缆的电压损芯数*截面mm2

电阻θ=55℃Ω/km感抗

Ω/km埋地25℃时的允许负荷MVA明敷35℃时的允许负荷MVA电压损失[%/（MW.km)]cosΨ电压损失[%/（A.km)]cosΨ粘性不滴流粘性不滴流0.80.850.90.80.850.9铝3*503*703*953*1203*1503*1853*2400.6560.4680.3440.2730.2190.1770.1360.1370.1280.1210.1160.1120.1090.1045.826.9728.4879.69910.91212.42714.5497.2758.7910.60912.12413.33715.15517.8834.9586.0657.3848.4399.75711.07613.1856.5938.17510.02111.33912.92214.76717.4050.0620.0450.0340.0280.0240.020.0160.060.0450.0340.0280.02420.0160.0590.0430.0330.0270.0220.0190.0150.0030.0020.0020.0010.0010.0010.0010.0030.0020.0020.0020.0010.0010.0010.0030.0020.0020.0020.0010.0010.001铜3*503*703*953*1203*1503*1853*2400.40.2860.210.1660.1340.1080.0830.1370.1280.1210.1160.1120.1090.1047.5789.09310.91212.42713.94315.76218.1879.90311.21513.33715.15517.27719.70222.7336.3297.9119.49311.07612.39414.2416.6138.4391054812.65814.50416.61318.98722.1510.040.030.0230.0190.0170.0140.0120.040.030.0230.0190.0170.0140.0120.0380.0280.0220.0180.0150.0130.0110.0020.0020.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0020.0020.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0020.0020.0010.0010.0010.0010.00110KV油浸纸绝缘电力电缆的电压损芯数*截面mm2电阻θ=55℃Ω/km感抗Ω/km埋地25℃时的允许负荷MVA明敷35℃时的允许负荷MVA电压损失[%/（MW.km)]cosΨ电压损失[%/（A.km)]cosΨ粘性不滴流粘性不滴流0.80.850.90.80.850.9铝3*163*253*353*503*703*953*1203*1503*1853*2402.051.3110.9370.6560.4680.3440.2730.2190.1770.1360.110.0980.0920.0870.0830.080.0780.0770.0750.0731.2821.5421.8192.2522.7713.1183.5514..074.6771.3511.6281.9922.4252.9443.2913.8114.335.0231.0911.3161.5762.0442.4422.8413.3083.7764.4861.2121.4721.7672.2522.7373.2223.624.1924.9882.1351.3851.0080.7240.5330.4060.3340.2780.2350.1922.121.3720.9960.7120.5210.3950.3230.2680.2250.1832.1051.3590.9830.70.510.3840.3120.2570.2140.1720.030.0190.0140.010.0070.0060.0050.0040.0030.0030.0310.020.0150.0110.0080.0060.0050.0040.0030.0030.0330.0210.0150.0110.0080.0060.0050.0040.0030.003铜3*163*253*353*503*703*953*1203*1503*1853*2401.250.80.5710.40.2860.210.1660.1340.1080.0830.110.0980.0920.0870.0830.080.0780.0770.0750.0731.6451.9922.3382.9443.5514.074.595.1966.0621.7322.0782.5113.1183.7244.334.855.5436.4091.4031.7322.0442.5983.1523.7074.2614.8845.751.5421.8532.2522.8933.5514.1054.6775.4046.3571.3350.8740.6420.4680.3510.2720.2270.1930.1660.1391.320.8610.630.4560.3390.2610.2160.1830.1560.131.3050.8480.6170.4440.3280.250.2050.1720.1450.1190.020.0120.0090.0070.0050.0040.0030.0030.0020.0020.0190.0130.0090.0070.0050.0040.0030.0030.0020.0020.020.0130.010.0070.0050.0030.0030.0020.0020.0021KV聚氯乙烯电力电缆用于三相380V系统的电压损失截面mm2

电阻θ=60℃Ω/km感抗

Ω/km电压损失[%（A.km）]cosΨ0.50.60.70.80.91铝2.513.0850.13.0223.6154.2084.7995.3885.96448.1780.0931.9012.272.643.0083.3733.72865.4520.0931.2791.5251.772.0142.2552.485103.3130.0870.7890.9381.0851.2321.3761.51162.0850.0820.5080.60.6920.7830.8720.95251.3340.0750.3340.3920.450.5070.5620.608350.9540.0720.2460.2870.3280.3680.4060.435500.6680.0720.1810.2090.2370.2630.2880.305700.4760.0690.1360.1550.1750.1920.2090.217950.3510.0690.1070.1210.1350.1470.1580.161200.2780.0690.0910.10.1110.120.1280.1271500.2230.070.0780.0870.0940.1010.1050.1021850.180.070.0690.0750.080.0850.0880.0822400.1390.070.0590.0640.0670.070.0710.063截面mm2

电阻θ=60℃Ω/km感抗

Ω/km电压损失[%（A.km）]cosΨ0.50.60.70.80.91铜2.57.9810.11.8582.2192.5792.9383.2943.63844.9880.0931.1741.3981.6221.8442.0652.27463.3250.0930.7950.9431.0911.2381.3831.516102.0350.0870.4980.5880.6780.7660.8520.928161.2720.0820.3220.3780.4330.4860.5380.58250.8140.0750.2150.250.2840.3170.3490.371350.5810.0720.1610.1850.2090.2320.2530.265500.4070.0720.1210.1380.1530.1680.1810.186700.2910.0690.0940.1050.1150.1250.1330.133950.2140.0690.0760.0840.0910.0970.1020.0981200.1690.0690.0660.0710.0760.0810.0830.0771500.1360.070.0590.0630.0660.0690.070.0621850.110.070.0530.0560.0580.0590.0590.052400.0850.070.0470.0490.050.050.0490.0391KV聚氯乙烯电力电缆用于三相380V系统的电压损失10KV交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆的电压损失截面mm2电阻θ=80℃Ω/km感抗Ω/km埋地25℃时的允许负荷MVA明敷35℃时的允许负荷MVA电压损失[%/（MW.km)]cosΨ电压损失[%/（A.km)]cosΨ0.80.850.90.80.850.9铝1625355070951201501852402.231.4261.0190.7130.510.3760.2970.2380.1920.1480.1330.120.1130.1070.1010.0960.0950.0930.090.0871.8192.1652.5113.1183.7244.2444.7635.3696.2351.7492.0782.5813.1523.8284.4865.0755.9066.8942.3301.5161.1040.7930.5860.4480.3680.3080.2600.2132.3121.5001.0890.7790.5730.4360.3560.2960.2480.2022.2941.4841.0740.7650.5590.4230.3430.2830.2360.1900.0320.0210.0150.0110.0080.0060.0050.0040.0040.0030.0340.0220.0160.0120.0080.0060.0050.0040.0040.0030.0360.0230.0170.0120.0090.0070.0050.0040.0040.003铜1625355070951201501852401.3590.870.6220.4350.310.2290.1810.1450.1180.0910.1330.120.1130.1070.1010.0960.0930.0900.0872.3382.7713.2913.9844.7635.3696.0626.8427.8812.1652.7373.3264.074.9025.7336.5647.4828.8161.4590.9600.7070.5150.3860.3010.2520.2150.1860.1561.4410.9440.6920.5010.3730.2890.2400.2030.1740.1451.4230.9280.6770.4870.3590.2760.2270.1900.1620.1330.0200.0130.0100.0070.0050.0040.0040.0030.0030.0020.0210.0140.0100.0070.0060.0040.0040.0030.0030.0020.0220.0150.0110.0080.0060.0040.0040.0030.0030.0026KV交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆的电压损失1KV交联聚乙烯绝