2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)试卷号7_第1页
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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Hewasalwaysdecliningtheirinvitationsonthe()ofillhealth.

问题1选项

A.grounds

B.reason

C.excuse

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。根据题干可知考查onthegroundof“以……为理由,根据”。句意:他总是以身体不好为由拒绝他们的邀请。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Thesnowseemstohaveset()fortheevening.

问题1选项

A.upon

B.in

C.about

D.down

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项setupon“袭击;挑拨,唆使;开始”;B选项setin“开端;来临;到来”;Csetabout选项“开始着手;考虑”;D选项setdown“放下;记下;登记;写下”。句意:晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

China’sresponsetoNorthKorea’sshellingofYeonpyeongIslandtwoweeksagohasbeenremarkablyflaccid.

问题1选项

A.firm

B.shrewd

C.ambiguous

D.limp

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项firm“坚定的;牢固的;严格的;结实的;坚决的;牢牢控制的;坚挺的”;B选项shrewd“精明的;狡猾的;机灵的”;C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的,模棱两可的;不明确的,不明朗的;引起歧义的”;D选项limp“柔软的,无力的;软弱的”。句意:中国对朝鲜两周前炮击延坪岛的反应,一直表现得非常迟缓。flaccid“松弛的,软弱的;蔫软的;无活力的;不见成效的”,D选项与该词意思最相近,因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

LegislativesuccesswillcomeifMr.Obamaisskillfulpoliticallyandisabletowranglesupport

()keylegislators()keymomentsintheprocess.

问题1选项

A.from,at

B.between,and

C.from,to

D.outof,on

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。supportfrom“来自……的支持”,supportfromkeylegislators“来自主要议员的支持”;atkeymoment“在关键时刻”,因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

AnemergencyrightsissuebyHBOSwasaflop:only8.3%oftheBritishbank’ssharesweretakenupbyinvestors.

问题1选项

A.misfeasance

B.washout

C.flame

D.optima

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项misfeasance“过失;行为失检;不当行为”;B选项washout“冲刷;失败者”;C选项flame“火焰;热情;光辉”;D选项optima“最合适条件;最佳状态”。句意:苏格兰哈里法克斯银行(HBOS)的一次紧急配股发行失败了:投资者只认购了这家英国银行8.3%的股份。flop“彻底失败,不成功;沉重、松散又笨拙的动作”,B选项与该词意思最相近,因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Ittakesall()tomakeaworld.

问题1选项

A.peoples

B.colors

C.functions

D.sorts

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项peoples“人;人类;民族;公民”;B选项colors“彩色;颜料;脸色”;C选项functions“功能;智能;函数”;D选项sorts“种类;程度;品质;把……分类,整理;区分;挑选”。Ittakesallsortstomakeaworld.是一句谚语,意为“一种米养百种人”,表示世界是形形色色的人所组成的。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Momflippedher()whenshefoundoutIwaspregnant.

问题1选项

A.chart

B.finger

C.side

D.lid

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。Flipone’slid是一句美国俚语,意为发怒,发火,失去控制,变得狂热,大发脾气。句意:妈妈发现我怀孕后大发雷霆。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

TheGermancompanyretaineda()positioninhormoneresearch.

问题1选项

A.chair

B.pole

C.soap

D.floor

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项chair“椅子;讲座;主席位;大学教授的职位”;B选项pole“杆;极点;电极”;C选项soap“肥皂;将肥皂涂在……上;对……拍马屁”;D选项floor“地板,地面;楼层;基底;议员席”。poleposition指的是方程式赛车中的“竿位”,即决赛中排在第一位出发的选手。“竿位”由决赛前排位赛中成绩最好的车手获得。此外,poleposition还可表示“跑道内圈;有利位置”。句意:这家德国公司在激素研究方面保持着有利地位。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Haveyoueverreceived()ofwhathashappenedtoher?

问题1选项

A.theword

B.words

C.word

D.thewords

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项theword“这个词;某个特定的词或话”;B选项words“歌词,台词,谈话,言语”;C选项word“消息,音信,谣言,传说”;D选项thewords“特指某些单词”。句意:她发生了什么事情,你得到她的消息了吗?因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Whatismostimportanttothemonkeysinthesanctuaryisthattheyareagroup;thisissobecauseprimatesareinveterately()andbuildtheirlivesaroundeachother.

问题1选项

A.independent

B.proprietary

C.social

D.stable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项independent“独立的;单独的;无党派的;不受约束的”;B选项proprietary“专卖的,专营的;所有的,所有权的”;C选项social“社会的,社交的;群居的”;D选项stable“稳定的,牢固的;稳重的,沉稳的;持久的”。句意:对于禁猎区的猴子而言,最重要的一点是它们是一个群体;这之所以如此,是因为灵长目动物具有一种根深蒂固的群居习性,均围绕着对方而营造其生活。

11.单选题

Inappealingthecaseagain,youwilljustbekickingagainstthe().

问题1选项

A.pricks

B.balls

C.guns

D.winds

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项pricks“(v.)戳;扎破;(使)感到刺痛;(眼睛)发酸;(使)内心痛苦;驱使;(使)耳朵竖起;(n.)扎;戳孔;沮丧;赶牛棒;笨蛋;穿刺;针刺感;卑鄙的人”;B选项balls“(n.)球;(v.)把……捏成球状”;C选项guns“(n.)枪支;枪状物;持枪歹徒;(v.)用枪射击;加大油门快速前进;向……开枪;开大油门”;D选项wind“(n.)风;呼吸;气味;卷绕;(v.)缠绕;上发条;使弯曲;吹号角;绕住或缠住某人”。根据固定搭配kickagainstthepricks“以卵击石;徒劳的抵抗”可知该题选pricks。句意:你再提起上诉,那是在以卵击石。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Mansonwasascientistofunusual()andimaginationwhohadstartlingsuccessin()newandfundamentalprincipleswellinadvanceoftheirgeneralrecognition.

问题1选项

A.restiveness,acknowledging

B.precision,coordinating

C.candor,dispelling

D.insight,discerning

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词和动词辨析。A选项restiveness,acknowledging“难以驾御;倔强”,“承认;答谢;报偿;告知已收到”;B选项precision,coordinating“精度,精密度;精确”,“调节,配合;使动作协调;(衣服、家具等)搭配;与……形成共价键”;C选项candor,dispelling“坦白;直率”;“驱散,驱逐;消除(烦恼等)”;D选项insight,discerning“洞察力;洞悉”,“觉察出;识别;辨别;了解;隐约看见”。句意:作为一位科学家,马里逊具有非凡的洞悉力和想象力,远在某些全新的基本原理被人们普遍认识之前,他早就能够成功地令人吃惊地将其察觉发现。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

ItisGasNatural’sthirdattempttohookupwithabigpartnerinSpain’srapidlyconsolidatingpowerindustry,havingbeenrebuffedbyEndesain2005andIberdrolain2003.

问题1选项

A.repulsed

B.disclaimed

C.excoriated

D.redintegrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义动词辨析。A选项repulse“驱逐;憎恶”;B选项disclaim“否认,拒绝;放弃,弃权;拒绝承认”;C选项excoriate“严厉的责难;擦破……的皮肤”;D选项redintegrate“使复原;重建;使更新”。句意:这是西班牙天然气公司第三次尝试在西班牙快速巩固的电力行业中与大型合作伙伴结盟,2005年被Endesa公司拒绝,2003年被Iberdrola公司拒绝。rebuff“断然拒绝”,B选项与该词词意最相近,因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

I’lltrytogetintouchwithhimbuthe’s()everathomewhenIphone.

问题1选项

A.rarely

B.almost

C.hardly

D.occasionally

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项rarely“很少地;难得;罕有地”;B选项almost“差不多,几乎”;C选项hardly“几乎不,简直不;刚刚”;D选项occasionally“偶尔;间或”。其中hardly带否定意义,hardlyever含never的意思,可当作固定搭配,意为“几乎从不,几乎不”。句意:我尽量和他联系,但我打电话时他几乎不在家。因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Itwasunusualforthere()sofewstudentsintheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.tobe

B.be

C.being

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查句式。介词for后面跟的存在句采用不定式形式。句意:教室里的学生这么少是不寻常的。因此A选项正确。

16.单选题

Hewascockyandbrashandself-mocking.

问题1选项

A.insuperable

B.gawky

C.preachy

D.conceited

【答案】D

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项insuperable“不能克服的,无敌的”;B选项gawky“笨拙的,鲁钝的”;C选项preachy“爱讲道的,爱唠叨的”;D选项conceited“自负的,狂想的,逞能的”。句意:他傲慢自大,自以为是。Brash“无礼的,傲慢的,仓促的,性急的”,D选项与该词意思最相近,因此D选项正确。

17.单选题

WithsomuchfocusontheOhioenergyfirmwhoselapsesmayhavetriggeredtheblackoutof2003,it’sbeenhardtorememberthattherealquestionisnothowitstarted,butwhyitspreadsofarandsofast.Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.Alloftheseareborrowedfromthephysicalsciences.Maybeabetterwaytolookatitisinbiologicalterms.

Wealreadyusethelanguageofepidemiologywhenwespeakof“viruses”propagatingacrosstheInternet,“infecting”ourcomputer.Likewise,it’stemptingtoviewtheblackout,spreadingfromlinktolinkalongthepowergrid,asaperniciouskindofelectricalcontagion.Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.

Justasthesymptomsofasevereallergicreactionarecausednotbytheoffendingbeewhostingsitselfbutbytheoverzealousresponseofthebody’simmunesystemtoit,sotheblackoutwasaggravatedbythegrid’sattempttodefenditself,onepowerstationatatime.Threatenedbyatorrentofelectricalenergygoneberserkeroverwhelmedbythesuddenloadsplacedonit,eachpowerplantinturntrippeditscircuitbreakers,detachingitselffromthegrid.Thoughthisstrategyachieveditsdesiredaim-savingeachplant’sgeneratorfrombeingdamaged—itwastoomyopictoservethebestinterestsofthegridasawhole.

Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.Whenourownimmunesystemsareperformingattheirbest,theyorchestratetheirdefensesthroughcountlesschemicalconversationsamongT-cellsandantibodies,enablingthesedefenderstocalibratetheirresponsetopathogens.Inthesameway,thethousandsofpowerplantssubstationsinthegridneedtobeabletocommunicatewithoneanotherwhenanypartofthesystemisbreached,sotheycancollectivelydecidewhichcircuitbreakersshouldbetrippedandwhichcansafelyremainintact.

Thetechnologynecessarytoachievethishasexistedforaboutadecade.Itreliesoncomputer,sensorsandprotectivedevicestiedtogetherbyopticalfibersothatallpartsofthegridwouldbeabletotalktooneanotheratthespeedoflight-fastenoughtogetaheadofanonrushingblackoutandconfineit.

Thesensorswouldcontinuouslymonitorthevoltage,frequencyandotherimportantcharacteristicsoftheelectricitycoursingthroughthetransmissionlines.Whenalineappearedatriskofbeingoverloaded,acomputerwoulddecidewhethertoswitchonaprotectivedevice.Atpresent,suchdecisionsaremadepurelyparochially.Powerplantsdefendthemselvesfirst,anddon’tworryabouttheconsequencesforneighboringplantsonthegrid.Nordotheyconsideranypotentiallyhelpfulorharmfulactionsthatthoseneighborsmightbetakingatthesametime.

Inthenewapproach,eachplantwouldhavenearlyinstantaneousinformationaboutalltheotherplantsandpowerlinesinitsextendedneighborhood.Everyonewouldknowwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandthinking.Asthreatsarose(eitherfromrandomfailuresormaliciousattacks),thesensorswouldfireaflurryofwarningsignalsdowntheopticalfibers,andthenetworkedcomputerswoulddecidewhichprotectivedevicestoactivatetocontainthethreatmosteffectively.Thegridwouldthenberespondingasanintegratedentity,notasaragtagcollectionofselfishunits.Itwouldlookalotlikeanorganismdefendingitself.

Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.Buttheconstructionofasystemwideimmunenetworkwouldbewellworththecost.Withoutit,ouroverburdenedgridislikelytofailmoreandmoreoften,andmightevencollapse,withcoststhatwouldbeincalculable,botheconomicallyandintermsofnationalsecurity.Stateandfederalgovernmentsneedtostepinandprovideincentivesforutilitiestodotherightthing.

Ofcourse,evenifthisnewkindofsmartdefensesystemweretobebuiltsomeday,onecanalreadyimagineaninsidiousdisorderthatmighteventuallyoutsmartitandafflictit,acatastrophicdisruptionoftheimmunesystemitself,ratherthanthegridit’ssupposedtoprotect.SuchathingwouldbethetechnologicalanalogofAIDS.

Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.Weneedtostoppretendingthatthegridisevergoingtobeaperfectiblemachine.Justasbacteriaeventuallydevelopresistancetotheantibioticsusedtokillthem,thedefenseofthegridwillrequireever-moreinventivestrategiesonourpart.Weshouldrecognizethatthepowergridneedstoevolveandadapt,justlikeanyothersuccessfullivingcreature.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichofthefollowingisanappropriatedescriptionforwhytheblackoutof2003spreadsofarandsofast?()

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheviewsmadebymostcommentatorsontheblackoutof2003is

().

3.Thearticlesaysthebestwaytopreventsuchablackoutfromhappeninginthefutureisto().

4.Settingupadistributedcontrolsystemforthegridwouldbe().

5.Thearticlepointsoutthattheproposedpreventivemeasuresagainstblackouts().

问题1选项

A.Acascadingfailure.

B.Anelectricalcontagion.

C.Asevereallergicreaction.

D.Anattackbyviruses.

问题2选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

问题3选项

A.developanewsystemtocoordinateallplants

B.buildabettersystemtomakeeachplantmoresensitive

C.makeeachplantmoreindependentofotherplants

D.suspendpowerwhenthesystemisoverloaded

问题4选项

A.welcomedbyallenergycompanies

B.unattractivetoenergycompanies

C.uselesstopreventsuchablackout

D.harmfultonationalsecurity

问题5选项

A.mustcauseacatastrophicdisruptionofthepowergrid

B.aregoingtobeperfectthroughrepeatedpractice

C.appeartoberealisticbutinfactarenotfeasible

D.areejectedtoimproveastimegoesby

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.(这是一个连锁反应,一个连锁失败的多米诺骨牌效应。)”和第二段“Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.(这次停电并不是由传染性电疾病引起的;它是由网格对这种疾病威胁的免疫反应引起的。换句话说,电网遭受了剧烈的过敏反应,一种过敏性休克。)”由此可知这次停电是一次过敏反应。A选项“连锁故障”;B选项“电传染病”;D选项“病毒攻击”说法都不正确,只有C选项“严重的过敏反应”符合题意,因此C选项正确。

2.作者意图题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.(大多数评论家没有正面回答这个问题,而是用了一些常见的比喻:这是一个连锁反应,一个连锁失败的多米诺骨牌效应。)”以及第二段作者说到“Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.(但这也不是一个正确的比喻。)”,由此可知作者并不认同多数评论家的比喻。A选项“积极的”不正确;B选项“消极的”正确;C选项“中立的”以及D选项“讽刺的”都不是作者的态度,因此B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.(现在需要的是一种更微妙、更协调的反应模式。)”。A选项“开发一个新的系统来协调所有的发电厂”;C选项“让每个发电厂独立于其他电厂”和D选项“系统过载时暂停供电”都不符合题意,只有B选项“建立一个更好的系统,使每个发电厂更加灵敏”符合题意,因此B选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第八段“Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.(诚然,这样一个分布式控制系统将花费数十亿美元,而且在这个放松管制的时代,能源公司将没有什么动力联合起来建设它,尤其是当最大的钱在发电上的时候。)”,由此可知该分布式控制系统并不受能源公司的欢迎。A选项“受到所有能源公司的欢迎”说法错误;B选项“对能源公司没有吸引力”说法正确;C选项“阻止这样的停电是没有用的”以及D选项“危害国家安全”文中均没有提到。因此B选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第十段“Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.(也许前景黯淡,但却是现实的。)”,由此可知虽然该措施看起来可行,但是前景黯淡。A选项“一定会对电网造成灾难性的破坏”;B选项“通过反复的练习会变得完美”;D选项“随着时间的推移被逐出改善”都不符合题意,只有C选项“看似现实,实则不可行”符合题意,因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Forthesuccessoftheproject,thecompanyshould()themostoftheopportunitiesathand.

问题1选项

A.obtain

B.grasp

C.catch

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项obtain“获得;流行”;B选项grasp“抓牢,握紧;试图抓住;理解,领悟;毫不犹豫地抓住(机会)”;C选项catch“赶上;抓住;感染;了解”;D选项make“使得;进行;布置,准备,整理;制造;认为;获得;形成;安排;引起”。seize/grasp/grab/taketheopportunity“抓住机会”,句中的themostof修饰theopportunities,可视为shouldgrasp(themostof)theopportunities。句意:为了项目的成功,公司应该抓住大部分到手的机会。因此B选项正确。

19.单选题

Ajointcommunique,signedonAugust17,1982,arrestedtheprecipitousdeteriorationoftherelationsbetweenWashingtonandBeijingbutasalwaysseemedtopromisemorethanwouldbedelivered.

问题1选项

A.propitious

B.precipitant

C.propensitious

D.frivolous

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义形容词辨析。A选项propitious“适合的;吉利的;顺利的”;B选项precipitant“急促的;匆忙的;突如其来的;轻率的”;C选项propensitious不存在;D选项frivolous“无聊的;轻佻的;琐碎的”。句意:1982年8月17日签署的一份联合公报制止了华盛顿和北京之间关系的急剧恶化,但一如既往地似乎承诺了更多的东西。precipitous“险峻的;急躁的,鲁莽的”,B选项与该词词意最相近,因此B选项正确。

20.单选题

()isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

问题1选项

A.What

B.That

C.It

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查as的用法。as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句,意为“如……一样,像……一样”等;as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开,可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面。句意:人们普遍认为,经济的增长取决于生产的顺利发展。因此D选项正确。

21.单选题

Caruthers’slatestliterarycriticism()herreputationfortrenchantcommentary;despiteitsintriguingtitleandthefulsomepraiseonitsdustjacket,itisnothingmorethanacollectionof().

问题1选项

A.reinforces,pronouncements

B.advances,aphorisms

C.belies,platitudes

D.undermines,judgments

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词和名词辨析。A选项reinforces,pronouncements“加强,加固;强化;补充”,“声明;宣告;公告;判决”;B选项advances,aphorisms“提出;预付;使……前进;将……提前;前进;进展;上涨”,“格言;警句”;C选项belies,platitudes“掩饰;与……不符;使失望;证明……虚假错误”,“陈词滥调;平凡;陈腐”;D选项undermines,judgments

“破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基”,“判断;裁判;判决书;辨别力”。句意:卡拉瑟斯最新的文学批评掩盖了她犀利评论的名声;尽管书名引人入胜,书皮上也有溢美之词,但这本书不过是陈词滥调的集合。因此C选项正确。

22.单选题

ThepompandceremonywithwhichPresidentBarackObamawillhostIndia’sPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghataWhiteHouse-statedinneronTuesdaywon’talteraperceptioninIndiathatithaslostgroundtoChinainthenewAdministration’sAsiapolicy.ManyinNewDelhisawObama’sperformancelastweekinBeijingasacquiescenttowardanemboldenedBeijing,NewDelhi’slongtimeregionalrival.AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.

TheymayhavewincedathisblundersinIraqandelsewhere,butmanyIndianswelcomedPresidentBush’sembrace,whichstrengthenedtiesbetweentheworld’slargestdemocraciestoanunprecedenteddegreeafterdecadesofColdWarestrangement.SinghfacedoppositionathomefrompartiesskepticalofclosetieswiththeU.S.,butstakedhispoliticalreputationonthegrowingrelationship—hisgovernmentwasalmostdeposedbypartiesoftheleftprotestinganuclear—technologydealheconcludedwiththeBushAdministration.

“UnderBush,IndiawasbeingencouragedtobeanAsianpower,”saysBrahmaChellaney,professorofstrategicstudiesattheCentreforPolicyResearch,aNewDelhi-basedthinktank.ImplicitintheBushagendawastheideaofhelpingarisingIndiabecomeademocraticbulwarkagainstauthoritarianChina.“Now”saysChellaney,“Obamaseesthingsthroughadifferentprism.”

OneexampleofthechangehasbeentheObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative,aloosealliancebetweenWashingtonandthreeotherprominentdemocraciesintheregion—India,JapanandAustralia—thatstagedjointnavalexercisesin2008.Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.

IndiananalystsbelieveObama’sforeignpolicyteammostlythinksofIndiainthecontextofotherregionalchallenges,particularlythedeterioratingsituationinAfghanistanandPakistan.China,withitsboomingeconomyandpositionasAmerica’sprimarycreditor,nowcarriesfarmoreweightinU.S.calculations.“ThegroundrealityisIndiaatthemomentdoesnotcountfortheU.S.inthesamewaythatChinaandPakistando,”saysBahukutumbiRaman,aformertopIndianintelligenceofficialandheadoftheCentreforTopicalStudiesinChennai.

Partofthepriceforthatnewreality,manyinIndiabelieve,isadowngradingoftheirownconcerns.SinghwillbeintheU.S.ontheanniversaryoflastyear’sMumbaiterrorattacks,traditionaltiestoPakistan’smilitaryintelligenceorganization,theISI.ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.TheagendaforSingh’svisitincludestalksonboostingintelligenceandcounterterrorismefforts,butIndiaremainsunwillingtobroachKashmirwithPakistanuntilIslamabaddemonstratesacommitmenttocrackdownonjihadistgroupsinitsmidst.

MoretroublingfortheIndiansthantheObamaAdministration’sprioritizingofAfghanistanwasaparagraphinthejointstatementreleasedduringthePresidentsBeijingvisit:itwelcomedChineseinvolvementinSouthAsiaandspokeofBeijing’sabilityto“promotepeace,stabilityanddevelopmentinthatregion.”InNewDelhi,thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.Chellaneysawthestatementasa“returntoakindofColdWarthinkingwheretwogreatpowerscandictatetermstoalesserone.”China’slong-standingborderdisputeswithIndia,anditsbuildingupofthePakistanimilitary,makesmanyinNewDelhireluctanttowelcomeBeijingasabenignpresence.Indeed,somefearIndiaisbeingencircledbyChineselisteningpostsandbasesaroundtheIndianOcean.AndwhentensionsspikedlastmonthoverChinapressingitsclaimtoterritoryinsideIndia,theU.S.remainedsilent.India’sgovernmentinsiststhere’sroomenoughforbothIndiaandChinatopeacefullyemergeasworldpowers,andSinghhasmadenocomplaintsaboutthechangeinatmosphereinWashington.Hisvisit,heinsists,issimplyanopportunity“torenewthepartnership.”It’lllooktoformalizeelementsofthenucleardealpennedlastyear,whichgrantsIndiaaccesstoarangeoftechnologiesthatithadpreviouslybeenblockedfromacquiring.Measureswillalsobetakentoexpandtrade,promoteeducationallinksandboostcooperationonresearchintovaccines.Thetwosidesarealsoexpectedtosoundtherightnotesonclimatechangewithoutmakinganysubstantialcommitments.

Despitetheirconcernsaboutrecentdevelopmentsintherelationship,manyinIndiaareconfidentintheircountry’slong-termtieswiththeU.S.Morethan3-millionpeopleofIndianoriginnowliveintheU.S.,whileIndianscomprisethebiggestpoolofforeignstudentsinAmericanuniversities,andwealthyIndianprofessionalsarecreatinganincreasinglyeffectiveIndialobbyinWashington.“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow”saysRaman,“butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.”

1.HowdidtheIndiansperceiveObama’sAsianPolicy?

2.WhydoesObamachoosenottopursuethequadrilateralinitiative?

3.FortheIndiagovernment,whatwouldbethedownsideofObama’sAsianpolicy?

4.HowdoestheIndiangovernmentinterpretthejointstatementreleasedduringObama’svisitinBeijing?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.TheybelievedtheObamaAdministrationappreciatedthefactthatBeijingwasbecomingbolder.

B.TheybelievedIndialostitscentralplaceintheBushAdministrationandObamafurtherdiminisheditsrole.

C.TheythoughtObamawastryingtofurtherstraintherelationsbetweenChinaandIndia,thetwolongtimeregionalrivals.

D.TheywereworryingthatIndiawasslightedbytheObamaAdministration.

问题2选项

A.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesChinashouldbeincludedinthealliance.

B.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesthejointnavalexercisesin2008posedathreatandthusirritatedChina.

C.BecauseinObama’sAsianpolicy,BeijingoutweighsIndia.

D.BecausetheObamaAdministrationdoesnottakeIndiaasaregionalpowerbutratheranelementinthepursuitofregionalpeace.

问题3选项

A.IndiawilllosesupportfromtheU.S.inmanyissuesofitsmajorconcern.

B.Thelong-standingborderdisputesbetweenIndiaandChinawouldnotbesolvedinthenearfuture.

C.IndiawouldfacemoreproblemscrackingdownterrorismsupportedbyPakistan.

D.IndiawouldfeelpowerlessincontainingChina.

问题4选项

A.AColdWarwouldbreakoutbetweenIndiaandChina.

B.ChinawouldexertherinfluencetoSouthAsiancountries,includingIndia.

C.TheU.S.andChinawouldjointlycontainIndiawhichisanemergingpower.

D.PakistanwouldgetmoresupportfromChinaandtheU.S.

问题5选项

A.SomeIndiananalystsareoptimisticabouttheIndian-USrelations.

B.LiketheBushAdministration,theObamaAdministrationtakesbothChinaandIndiaasrisingpowers.

C.TheObamaAdministrationprioritizesAfghanistanandPakistaninitsAsianpolicy.

D.Singh’svisitisto,amongothers,expandtrade,boostintelligenceandcounterterrorismeffortsandnegotiatewiththeObamaAdministrationaboutthefutureroleofIndiainAmericanAsianpolicy.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的最后一句话“AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.(他们还认为,印度在奥巴马白宫的经济和地缘政治计算中的作用正在减弱,至少与它在布什政府的亚洲政策中所享有的中心地位相比是如此。)”,由此可推断出印度人担心被美国轻视。A选项“他们认为奥巴马政府意识到北京正在变得更加大胆”;B选项“他们认为印度在布什政府中失去了中心地位,奥巴马进一步削弱了它的作用”;C选项“他们认为奥巴马是在试图进一步加剧中国和印度这两个长期的地区竞争对手之间的关系”;D选项“他们担心印度被奥巴马政府轻视”。因此D选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“theObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative(奥巴马政府取消了所谓的四方倡议)”和“Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.(中国认为这一举措旨在建立一个安全集团来遏制中国,为了改善与北京的关系,奥巴马拒绝推行这一举措。)”,由此可推断出奥巴马放弃四方倡议是因为激怒了中国。A选项“因为奥巴马政府认为,中国应该加入该联盟”;B选项“因为奥巴马政府认为2008年的联合海军演习对中国构成了威胁,因此激怒了中国”;C选项“因为在奥巴马的亚洲政策中,北京比印度重要”;D选项“因为奥巴马政府不把印度当作一个地区大国,而是在追求地区和平的一个因素”。因此B选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段“ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.(但是,尽管奥巴马和他的阿富汗特使理查德•霍尔布鲁克敦促印度在克什米尔争端问题上做出让步,以帮助华盛顿说服巴基斯坦将更多资源集中在打击塔利班上,在迫使巴基斯坦打击以其领土为基地以印度为目标的极端组织方面,几乎没有采取什么行动。)”,由此可推断出印度和巴基斯坦之间将面临更多问题。A选项“印度将在其主要关注的许多问题上失去美国的支持”;B选项“印度和中国之间长期存在的边界争端不会在近期得到解决”;C选项“印度打击巴基斯坦支持的恐怖主义将面临更多问题”;D选项“印度将感到无力遏制中国”,因此C选项正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第七段“thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.(这被解读为美国接受中国将南亚和印度的邻国视为自己势力范围的一部分。)”,由此可推断出中国将会对南亚国家施加影响。A选项“印度和中国之间将爆发冷战”;B选项“中国将对南亚国家施加影响,包括印度”;C选项“美国和中国将联合遏制印度这个新兴大国”;D选项“巴基斯坦将从中国和美国获得更多支持”。因此B选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow…butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.(印度现在可能不是最优先考虑的国家……但没有理由未来不会。)”,由此可知印度人对印美未来的关系仍持乐观态度。因此A选项“一些印度分析人士对印美关系持乐观态度”正确。B选项“和布什政府一样,奥巴马政府把中国和印度都视为正在崛起的大国”;C选项“奥巴马政府在其亚洲政策中优先考虑阿富汗和巴基斯坦”;D选项“辛格此行的目的包括扩大贸易、加强情报工作和反恐努力,以及与奥巴马政府就印度未来在美国亚洲政策中所扮演的角色进行谈判”说法都有误,因此A选项正确。

23.单选题

TheRepublicanlandslideinthe2010mid-termssweptanewbreedofconservativezealotintooffice,destroyingthemiddlegroundandmakinglegislatingnexttoimpossible.

问题1选项

A.sensation

B.teetering

C.fanatic

D.prod

【答案】C

【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项sensation“感觉,轰动,感动”;B选项teeter“跷跷板,摇摆不定”;C选项fanatic“狂热入迷者,狂热分子,盲信者”;D选项prod“戳,捅,刺戳的工具,刺激,提醒”。句意:共和党在2010年中期选举中取得压倒性胜利,将一批新一代的保守狂热分子推上了白宫,摧毁了中间立场,使得立法几乎不可能。Zealot“狂热者,犹太教狂热信徒”,C选项与该词意思最相近,因此C选项正确。

24.单选题

GiladShalit,anIsraelisoldierheldformorethanfiveyearsbyHamas,theIslamistPalestiniangroupthatrunsGaza,wasfreedinexchange()1,027Palestinianprisoners.Thefirstbatchof477ofthemwasreleasedthisweek;theremainderareexpectedtobelet()nextmonth.

问题1选项

A.for,out

B.for,off

C.of,out

D.of,off

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。inexchangefor“用……交换(物品间交换)”;inexchangeof“换取”;let(sb)off“宽恕,使爆炸/爆发”;let(sb)out“释放/放出,泄露,出租”。句意:吉拉德•沙利特,一名被管理加沙的巴勒斯坦伊斯兰组织哈马斯关押了5年多的以色列士兵,以交换1027名巴勒斯坦囚犯为条件后获释。其中的477人已于本周获释,其余的人预计将于下月获释。由题意可知第一空应该填inexchangeof,第二空应填letout,因此C选项正确。

25.单选题

Wouldsuchadealfly?OnesourceclosetoHouseRepublicanstellsme:“Ithinkthey’dtakeit;they’reholdingnocardsatthemoment…Thecappingofdeductionswouldbeverymagnanimousandagoodwaytolaythegroundworkfornegotiatingrealtaxreform.”

问题1选项

A.magnificent

B.benevolent

C.prodigious

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查同

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