2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号46

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Scientificresearchresultscannowbequickly（）tofactoryproduction.

问题1选项

A.used

B.applied

C.employed

D.practiced

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。beusedto表示“被用来；习惯于”，beappliedto表示“被运用于，应用于”，beemployedto表示“被使用于；被雇佣于”，practice通常与put构成搭配“putsth.topractice”表示“把……付诸于实践”。由句意可知，如今科研成果是被应用于工厂生产。因此，只有B项符合原句含义和搭配，故本题正确答案为B选项。

2.单选题

WhenyoustudyintheUnitedStates,usuallyyouhavetobuyyourownhealth（）.

问题1选项

A.insurance

B.expense

C.evidence

D.assurance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项insurance“保险，保险费”。B选项expense“损失，代价”。C选项evidence“证据，证明”。D选项assurance“保证，担保”。句意：当你在美国学习时，通常你必须自己购买健康保险。因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Youcanclaima（）onyourtax.

问题1选项

A.rebate

B.debate

C.abate

D.libate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项rebate“退还款；折扣；返还部分”；B选项debate“辩论；（正式的）讨论”；C选项abate“减轻；减少”；D选项libate“喝酒。句意：你可以要求退回部分税款。此处应填入一个名词，故排除C项和D项，只有A项符合句意，故选A。

4.单选题

Studentswith（）problemsmayapplyforstudentloans.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.financial

C.nabobery

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济上的”。B选项financial“财政的”。C选项nabobery“财主常去的地方”。D选项economical“节约的，合算的”。句意：有财务问题的学生可以申请学生贷款。因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Thecarwasingoodworking（）whenIboughtitafewmonthsago.

问题1选项

A.order

B.form

C.state

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项order表示“条理，顺序，命令”，B选项form表示“形态，方式，外形，表格”，C选项state表示“状态，状况”，D选项circumstance表示“情况，环境，经济状况”。

由句意可知，我几个月前买这辆车时候，它的运作状态还是很好的。短语ingoodorder表示“性能良好”；而ingoodform表示“很健康、高兴，状态佳”，常用来形容人；其余选项则没有这样的搭配。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。

6.单选题

BACKin1922,ThomasEdisonpredictedthat“themotionpictureisdestinedtorevolutionizeoureducationalsystemand...inafewyearsitwillsupplantlargely,ifnotentirely,theuseoftextbooks.”Well,weallmakemistakes.ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.

Withcomputers,thestoryhasbeendifferent.Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools,convincedthattheirpresencewouldimprovethepaceandefficiencyoflearning.Largenumbersofstudies,somemoreacademicallyrespectablethanothers,havepurportedtoshowthatcomputershelpchildrentolearn.Now,however,astudythatcomparesclasseswithcomputersagainstsimilarclasseswithoutthemcastsdoubtonthatview.

InthecurrentEconomicJournal,JoshuaAngristoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandVictorLavyoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalemlookataschemewhichputcomputersintomanyofIsrael'sprimaryandmiddleschoolsinthemid-1990s.Dr.AngristandDr.LavycomparethetestscoresformathsandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades(i.e.,agedaboutnineand13)inschoolswithandwithoutcomputers.Theyalsoaskedtheclasses'teachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials,suchasXeroxedworksheetsand,ofcourse,computerprograms.TheresearchersfoundthattheIsraelischemehadmuchlesseffectonteachingmethodsinmiddleschoolsthaninelementaryschools.Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildren’stestscores.Infact,itfoundthereverse.Inthecaseofthemathscoresoffourth-graders,therewasaconsistentlynegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores.Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.Butthatisunlikelyinthiscasesincethemoneyfortheprogrammercamefromthenationallottery,andthestudyfoundnosignificantchangeinteachingresources,methodsortraininginschoolsthatacquiredcomputersthroughthescheme.

Asecondpossibilityisthatthetransitiontousingcomputersininstructiontakestimetohaveaneffect.Maybe,saytheauthors,buttheschoolssurveyedhadbeenusingthescheme’scomputersforafullschoolyear.Thatwasenoughforthenewcomputerstohavehadalarge(andapparentlymalign)influenceonfourth-grademathsscores.Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.

ThebottomlinesaysDrAngrist,isthat"thecostsareclear-cutandthebenefitsaremurky.”Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Dr.AngristandDr.Lavyhavedonethefollowingexcept（）.

3.AccordingtoDr.AngristandDr.Lavy,intheIsraelischeme,studentsdidn’tmakeimprovementintheirtestscoresbecause（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsgovernments'packingcomputersinschoolsseemstobe（）

问题1选项

A.motionpicturehasrevolutionizededucationsystem

B.Edison'spredictionhasbeenprovedwrong

C.Edisonencouragedschoolstoinstallcinemascreens

D.schoolsarecautiousaboutEdison’sidea

问题2选项

A.comparingthetestscoresofstudentsindifferentagegroups

B.interviewingteachersabouttheirteachingmethods

C.launchingthecomputerprograminmanyIsraelischools

D.explainingstudents’schoolperformance

问题3选项

A.otheraspectsofeducationwereaffectedduetocashshortage

B.itwasnotlongenoughfortheprogramtotakeeffect

C.therewasanegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores

D.theuseofcomputerwasnobetterthanotherteachingmethods

问题4选项

A.therehasn’tbeenaproperstudyonthisissueyet

B.schoolauthoritiesshouldprovideprooftosupportthecomputerprogram

C.installingcomputersinschoolscoststoomuch,buthaslittleornoeffect

D.chalkandtalkworkbetterthancomputerinteaching

问题5选项

A.biased

B.indifferent

C.disapproving

D.puzzling

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题干询问：我们可以从第一段中得知什么？针对爱迪生的言论，后文提到“we

allmakemistakes（当然，人都会犯错）”，由此可判断作者通过这样的表述暗指爱迪生的言论错误。因此B项“爱迪生的预言被证明是错误的”表述正确，而其余三项均不能由原文第一段得出，故本题正确答案为B选项。

第2题:2.细节事实题。题干询问Dr.Angrist和Dr.Lavy没有做下列哪件事？根据原文第三段可知，这两位研究人员“comparethetestscoresfor...（对比了学生的考试成绩）和Theyalsoaskedtheclasses'teachershow...（询问教师如何使用各种教学材料）”，由此可判断A选项与B选项表述正确。再由原文第四段“Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe”可知，他们还提供了可能的解释。因此，A、B和D项都是这两位研究员所做的事情，而由原文第二段第二句“Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools”可知，C项launchthecomputerprogram是由以色列政府所为，并非这两位科学家，因此本题正确答案为C选项。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题干询问：根据以色列计划中Dr.Angrist和Dr.Lavy的表述，学生分数在测试中没有进步的原因是什么？根据题干可定位到原文第四段和第五段，分析这两段内容可知，两位研究人员提出了电脑没有提高学生成绩的三种最可能的解释。而在描述前两种解释时，都举出了不成立的理由，因此可判断A选项和B选项错误，C选项“使用电脑与考试成绩之间一直存在着负相关关系”只是一种现象，不是学生没有进步的原因。作者在阐述第三种解释时并未指出其不合理，说明这种解释有一定的可靠性。这种解释认为：学生成绩没有进步可能是因为在教学中使用电脑并不比其他教学方法更好（也许还更糟）”。由此可判断D选项符合题意。

第4题:4.推理判断题。题干询问：由文章最后一段可以推断出什么？作者指出“Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.”，所以要说明使用电脑有助于课堂教学这一说法得需要课堂电脑的推广者来证明。而根据“Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.”可知，要证明他们的观点，唯一可靠的方法当然是进行一项适当的研究，把孩子随机分配给使用电脑的老师和使用其他方法的老师。因此，作者对以前的研究方法提出了质疑，A选项“在这个问题上还没有一个适当的研究”表述正确。B选项表示“学校当局应该提供证据来支持电脑程序”，C选项表示“在学校里安装电脑花费太多，但收效甚微”，D选项表示“在教学中，粉笔和谈话比电脑更有效”，均不可由最后一段内容得出。故本题正确答案为A选项。

第5题:5.观点态度题。题干询问：作者对政府在学校安装电脑似乎是什么样的态度？在四个选项中，A选项biased表示“片面的；有偏见的”；B选项indifferent表示“冷淡的；漠不关心的”；C选项disapproving表示“反对的；不赞成的”；D选项puzzling表示“费解的；令人困惑的”。前文作者讲到至少爱迪生没有浪费公共资金，暗示了在学校安装电脑取代教科书的使用是浪费公共资金。文章最后一段作者引用研究人员的观点，说明在学校安装电脑成本明确但收效甚微，并提出应该采用适当的研究方法来对比真正得出是否有必要在学校安装电脑来取代课本。因此，作者对在学校安装电脑这件事更偏向于持有否定的态度，故本题正确答案为C选项。

7.单选题

MaryandJohnarebusylookingforahotelfortheirwedding（）.

问题1选项

A.meal

B.banquet

C.refreshment

D.snack

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项meal“一顿饭”；B选项banquet“宴会，盛宴”；C选项refreshment“饮料，小食”；D选项snack“点心，小吃”。句意：玛丽和约翰正忙着为他们的婚宴找一家酒店。根据“wedding”可知这里应该选用一个比较正式的词，故选B项，表示“婚宴”。

8.单选题

Theboysinthedorm（）acointodecidewhowouldcleanthefloor.

问题1选项

A.held

B.tossed

C.put

D.collected

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hold“持有；保存；召开”；B选项toss“抛；摇匀；颠簸”；C选项put“出发；航行；发芽”；D选项collect“收集；募捐”。句意：宿舍里的男生……硬币决定谁来扫地。这里是指“扔硬币”来做决定，因此B选项toss符合句意。

9.单选题

WhenJackwaseighteenhe（）goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.

问题1选项

A.tookto

B.tookup

C.tookfor

D.tookon

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项taketo“喜欢；走向；开始从事”；B选项takeup“拿起；开始从事；占据”；C选项takefor“认为；以为”；D选项takeon“承担；呈现；接纳”。句意：杰克十八岁时，……和一群奇怪的人来往，而且很晚才回家。本句是说杰克在这个年龄段的行为，可理解为是一种喜好，A选项符合句意。

10.单选题

Thenextfewdecadeswillseegreatchangesinthewayenergyissuppliedandused.Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached,andthereareincreasingfearsofglobalwarning.Consequently,manycountriesarefocusingontheswitchtoalowcarboneconomy.Thistransitionwillleadtomajorchangesinthesupplyanduseofelectricitytopowertheirhomesandvehicles.Secondly,therewillbeanincreaseinpowergeneration,notonlyintermsofhowmuchisgenerated,butalsohowitisgenerated,asthereisgrowingelectricitygenerationfromrenewablesources.Tomeetthesechallenges,countriesareinvestinginSmartGridtechnology.Thissystemaimstoprovidetheelectricityindustrywithabetterunderstandingofpowergenerationanddemand,andtousethisinformationtocreateamoreefficientpowernetwork.

SmartGirdtechnologybasicallyinvolvestheapplicationofacomputersystemtotheelectricitynetwork.Thecomputersystemcanbeusedtocollectinformationaboutsupplyanddemandandimproveengineer’sabilitytomanagethesystem.Withbetterinformationaboutelectricitydemand,thenetworkwillbeabletoincreasetheamountofelectricitydeliveredperunitgenerated,leadingtopotentialreductionsinfuelneedsandcarbonemissions.Moreover,thecomputersystemwillassistinreducingoperationalandmaintenancecosts.

SmartGridtechnologyoffersbenefitstotheconsumertoo.Theywillbeabletocollectreal-timeinformationontheirenergyuseforeachappliance.Varyingtariffsthroughoutthedaywillgivecustomerstheincentivetouseappliancesattimeswhensupplygreatlyexceedsdemand,leadingtogreatreductionsinbills.Forexample,theymayusetheirwashingmachinesatnight.Smartmeterscanalsobeconnectedtotheinternetortelephonesystem,allowingcustomerstoswitchappliancesonoroffremotely.Furthermore,ofhousesarefittedwiththeapparatustogeneratetheirownpower,appliancescanbesettorundirectlyfromtheon-sitepowersource,andanyexcesscanbesoldtothegrid.

Withthesechangescomesarangeofchallenges.Thefirstinvolvesmanagingthesupplyanddemand.Sourcesofrenewableenergy,suchaswind,waveandsolar,arenotoriouslyunpredictable,andnuclearpower,whichisalsosettoincreaseasnationsswitchtoalternativeenergysources,isinflexible.Withoilandgas,itisrelativelysimpletoincreasethesupplyofenergytomatchtheincreasingdemandduringpeaktimesofthedayoryear.Withalternativesources,thisisfarmoredifficult,andmayleadtoblackoutsorsystemcollapse.Potentialsolutionsincludeinvestigatingnewandefficientwaystostoreenergyandencouragingconsumerstouseelectricityatoff-peaktimes.

Asecondproblemisthefactthatmanyrenewablepowergenerationsourcesarelocatedinremoteareas,suchaswindyuplandsandcoastalregions,wherethereiscurrentlyalackofelectricaltechnology,thiscanbedonemoreefficientlybyreducingthereinforcementorconstructioncosts.AlthoughSmartTechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,pilotschemestopromoteandtestitarealreadyunderway.Consumersarecurrentlytestingthenewsmartmeterswhichcanbeusedintheirhomestomanageelectricityuse.Therearealsoanumberofdemonstrationsbeingplannedtoshowhowthesmarttechnologycouldpracticallywork,andtrialsareinplacetotestthenewelectricalinfrastructure.Itislikelythattechnologywillbeaddedin‘layers’startingwith‘quickwin’methodswhichwillprovideinitialcarbonsavings,tobefollowedbymoreadvancedsystemsatalaterdate.Citiesareprimecandidatesforinvestmentintosmartenergy,duetothehighpopulationdensityandhighenergyuse.ItisherewhereSmartTechnologyislikelytobepromotedfirst,utilisingarangeofsustainablepowersourcestransportsolutionsandaninfrastructureforchangingelectricallypoweredvehicles.Theinfrastructureisalreadychangingfast.Bytheyear2050,changesintheenergysupplywillhavetransformedourhomes,ourroadsandourbehavior.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whathashappenedinsomeoilproducingcountries?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofmartGirdtechnologytoconsumers?

3.Whatistheproblemwithusingrenewablesourcesofpoweraccordingtothearticle?

4.Inparagraph5,whatcanbeinferredaboutcitiesinthefuture?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatcanbeinferredabouttheintroductionofSmartGirdTechnology?

问题1选项

A.Theyareunwillingtoselltheiroilanymore.

B.Theyarenotproducingasmuchoilastheyusedto.

C.Thesupplyofoilisunpredictable.

D.Globalwarmingismoreseverherethaninothercountries.

问题2选项

A.Itcanreducetheirelectricitybills.

B.Itcantellthemhowmuchenergyeachapplianceisusing.

C.Itcanallowthemtoturnappliancesonandoffwhentheyarenotathome.

D.Itcanreducetheamountofenergyneededtopowerappliances.

问题3选项

A.Theydonotprovidemuchenergy.

B.Theyoftencausesystemfailureandblackouts.

C.Theydonotsupplyacontinuousflowofenergy.

D.Theycan’tbeusedatoff-peaktimes.

问题4选项

A.Morepeoplewillbelivingincitiesinthefuturethannowadays.

B.Peopleincitieswillbeusingcarsandbusespoweredbyelectricity.

C.Allbuildingswillgeneratetheirownelectricity.

D.SmartGridtechnologywillonlybeavailableincities.

问题5选项

A.Thetechnologieswhichproducemostbenefitswillbeintroducedfirst.

B.Thecheapesttechnologieswillintroducesfirst.

C.Thetechnologieswhicharemostdifficulttoputintoplacewillbeintroducedfirst.

D.Technologicallyadvancedsystemswillbeintroducedfirst.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段“Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached”，在一些主要的石油生产国，“石油峰值”已经达到。由此可知，选项A“他们不愿意再卖他们的石油了”，选项C“石油的供应是不可预测的”，选项D“全球变暖在这里比在其他国家更加严重”均与文章不符,因此B选项正确。

第2题:2.细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“leadingtogreatreductionsinbills”，导致电费大幅减少；“allowingcustomerstoswitchappliancesonoroffremotely”，让消费者可以远程启动或关闭家用电器；“ofhousesarefittedwiththeapparatustogeneratetheirownpower,appliancescanbesettorundirectlyfromtheon-sitepowersource,andanyexcesscanbesoldtothegrid”，配备这一装置的房间，可以自行发电，家用电器就可以直接依靠这一电源运转，而多余的电量则可以出售给电网。由此可知，选项A“它可以减少他们的电费”，选项C“当他们不在家的时候，它可以让他们远程打开和关闭电器”，选项D“它可以减少电力设备所需的总电量”均与文章相符,而选项B“可以测试出每一个家用电器使用中的电量”，文章未提及。因此B选项正确。

第3题:3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第四段“Thefirstinvolvesmanagingthesupplyanddemand”，首先是管理供给和需求的问题；“Sourcesofrenewableenergy...arenotoriouslyunpredictable”，可再生能源的来源是很难把握或预测的；“thisisfarmoredifficult,andmayleadtoblackoutsorsystemcollapse”更加困难的是，可能导致停电或系统崩溃；“investigatingnewandefficientwaystostoreenergy”，研究出新的且有效的方法就是存储能源。由此可知，选项A“它们不提供太多能量源”，选项B“它们经常导致系统故障和停电”，选项D“他们在非高峰时段不能使用”均与文章不符,因此C选项正确。

第4题:4.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第五段“Citiesareprimecandidatesforinvestmentintosmartenergy,duetothehighpopulationdensityandhighenergyuse”，由于城市的高人口密度和高耗能，他们将是推广智能能源的首选目标；“...infrastructureforchangingelectricallypoweredvehicles”，提升基础设施建设，如改变汽车的电源供给方式。由此可知，选项A“将来住在城市的人会比现在多”，选项C“所有的建筑都会自行发电”，选项D“智能电网技术只能在城市使用”均与文章不符，因此B选项正确。

第5题:5.推理判断题。题干的意思是问“根据作者所述，关于智能网格技术的引入，我们可以推断出什么?”。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段.“changesintheenergysupplywillhavetransformedourhomes,ourroadsandourbehavior”，智能供电方式的转变将会改变我们的家、我们的道路以及我们的行为。由此可知，选项B“最便宜的技术将首先引入”，选项C“首先引进最难实施的技术”，选项D“首先引进技术先进的系统”均与文章不符，因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Theirdefenderssaytheyaremotivated,versatileworkerswhoarejustwhatcompaniesneedinthesedifficulttimes.Toothers,however,themembersofGenerationY—thoseborninthe1980sand1990sotherwiseknownastheNetGeneration—arespoiled,narcissisticidlerswhocannotspellandwastetoomuchtimeoninstantmessagingandFacebook.Ah,replytheNetGenres,butallthatmessingaroundonlineprovesthatwearecomputer-literatemulti-taskerswhoareskillfulusersofonlinecollaborativetoolsandnaturalteamplayers.And,while,youareonthesubjectofme,Ineedamonth’svacationtoreconsidermypersonalgoal.

Thiscultureclashhasbeengoingoninmanyorganizationsandhaslatelyseepedintomanagementbooks.TheNetGenershavegrownupwithcomputers;theyarebrimmingwithself-confidence;andtheyhavebeenencouragedtochallengereceivedwisdom,tofindtheirownsolutionstoproblemsandtotreatworkasaroutetopersonalfulfillmentratherthanmerelyawayofputtingfoodonthetable.Notallofthismakesthemeasytomanage.Bossescomplainthatafterachildhoodofbeingspoiledandpraised,NetGenersdemandfarmorefrequentfeedbackandanover-precisesetofobjectivesonthepathofpromotion.InanewreportfromPriceewaterhouseCoopers,aconsultancy,61%ofchiefexecutivessaytheyhavetroublerecruitingandintegratingyoungeremployees.

Forthosehard-to-pleaseoldermanagers,thecurrentrecessionisthejoyfulequivalentofhidinganalarmclockinasleepingteenagers'bedroom.Onceagain,thetouchy-feelymanagementfashionsthatalwaysspringupinyearsofplentyarebeingditchedinfavorofmorebrutalcommand-and-controlmethodsHavinggrownupingoodtimes,NetGenershavelaboredundertheillusionthattheworldowedthemaliving.Buthoppingbetweenjobstofindonethatmeetsyourinnerspiritualneedsisnotsoeasywhentherearenojobstohopto.Andasforthatvacation:here'sapermanentone,sunshine.

Infact,compromisewillbenecessaryonbothsides.NetGenerswillcertainlyhavetolowersomeoftheirexpectationsandtaketheworldasitis,notastheywouldlikeittobe.Buttheirolderbossesshouldalsobepreparedtomakeconcessions.Theeconomywilleventuallyrecoveranddemographictrendsinmostrichcountrieswillmakecleveryoungworkersevenmorevaluable.Besides,manyofthethingsthatKeepNetGenershappyareworthdoinganyway.Butforthemomentatleast,theFacebookersareunderheavycriticism.

1.IntheeyesofthecriticsoftheNetGeneration,theNetGenersarecharacterizedas（）.

2.AccordingtoPara.2,NetGenersarenoteasytomanageinthat（）.

3.Theword“touchy-feely"inPara.3mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves（）.

5.Whatistheauthors’attitudetowardsNetGeners?

问题1选项

A.accomplishedandcompetent

B.smartandflexible

C.self-centeredandindulged

D.selfishanduncooperative

问题2选项

A.they'veattachedtoomuchimportancetothepersonalfulfillment

B.they'vebeencourageousenoughtochallengetheirbosses

C.they’vehadexcessiveconfidenceinthemselves

D.they'verequiredexcessiveresponsesandgoals

问题3选项

A.sensitiveandcaring

B.coldandbloody

C.lazyandreckless

D.funnyandinteresting

问题4选项

A.NetGenersshouldgiveuptheirexpectations

B.olderbossesshouldgivetheNetGenerswhatevertheywant

C.bothNetGenersandbossesshouldfacethereality

D.bothNetGenersandbossesshouldlearntoconcede

问题5选项

A.Supportive.

B.Objective.

C.Biased.

D.Pessimistic.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由第一段“Toothers,however,themembersofGenerationY—thoseborninthe1980sand1990sotherwiseknownastheNetGeneration-arespoiled,narcissisticidlerswhocannotspellandwastetoomuchtimeoninstantmessagingandFacebook.然而，对另一些人来说，y一代(出生于80年代和90年代的人，也被称为网络一代)是被宠坏的、自恋的游手好闲者，他们不会拼写，在即时通讯和Facebook上浪费了太多时间。”可知在批判者眼中，网络一代是被宠坏的，并且是自恋的游手好闲者。故C项正确。且在批判者眼中，网络一代自然是有缺点的，故应该用贬义词，排除AB两项。D项“自私的和不配合的”与文中所述内容不符。

第2题:2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第二段“Notallofthismakesthemeasytomanage.Bossescomplainthatafterachildhoodofbeingspoiledandpraised,NetGenersdemandfarmorefrequentfeedbackandanover-precisesetofobjectivesonthepathofpromotion.并不是所有这些都使它们易于管理。老板们抱怨说，在经历了被宠坏和表扬的童年后，网络一代要求在晋升的道路上有更频繁的反馈和一套过于精确的目标。由此可知网络一代难于管理的原因在于他们在职场晋升之路上要求更频繁的反馈并且需要精确的目标。故D项正确，D项的response和goals是对原文中的feedback以及objectives的同义转换。

第3题:3.词义题。由Onceagain,thetouchy-feelymanagementfashionsthatalwaysspringupinyearsofplentyarebeingditchedinfavorofmorebrutalcommand-and-controlmethods.再一次，在经济充裕的年份里总是涌现出的____的管理潮流正在被抛弃，取而代之的是更为残酷的命令与控制方式。由“morebrutalcommand-and-control更为残酷的命令和控制”可推知被抛弃的“touch-feelymanagement”的意思应与其相反，应为“人性化”的管理。再从touchy-feely单词本身也可猜测出该词与感觉有关。故A项正确。

第4题:4.细节事实题。由最后一段Infact,compromisewillbenecessaryonbothsides.NetGenerswillcertainlyhavetolowersomeoftheirexpectationsandtaketheworldasitis,notastheywouldlikeittobe.Buttheirolderbossesshouldalsobepreparedtomakeconcessions.事实上，双方都有必要妥协。网络一代应该降低他们的一些期望，接受世界的现状，而不是他们所希望的样子。但是他们的老上司也应该做好让步的准备。可知作者认为双方都应该做一些让步。故D项正确，concede是concessions的同义词。

第5题:5.观点态度题。纵观全文，本文开头作者提到了赞成者和批判者对网络一代的看法，接着作者列举了网络一代的优点和缺点，最后提出解决措施。故作者的态度应当是客观的。supportive支持的；objective客观的；biased有偏见的；pessimistic悲观的。B项正确。

12.单选题

Thelittlegirlcouldnot（）hercuriositytoseewhatwasinthebox.

问题1选项

A.abstain

B.refrain

C.restrain

D.prevent

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项abstain“弃权；避免”；B选项refrain“节制；避免；制止”；C选项restrain“抑制；约束；制止”；D选项prevent“预防；阻止”。句意：小女孩……不住她的好奇心，想看看盒子里有什么。与“好奇心”搭配时选用C选项“抑制”更合适。

13.单选题

Theyarelookingforsomewayto（）theirappetite.

问题1选项

A.satiate

B.apply

C.strengthen

D.sustain

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项satiate“充分满足；使厌腻”；B选项apply“申请；涂，敷；适用”；C选项strengthen“加强；巩固”；D选项sustain“维持；支撑，承担”。句意：他们正在寻找填饱肚子的方法。此题选A，可以把“satiateappetite”理解为“填饱肚子”。

14.单选题

Mostofthestoriesabouthisprivatelifeareprobably（）.

问题1选项

A.apocalyptical

B.apocryphal

C.apocrine

D.apochromatic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项apocalyptical“天启的，启示论的”；B选项apocryphal“伪的；可疑的”；C选项apocrine“泌离的，顶浆分泌的”；D选项apochromatic“[光]复消色差的”。句意：有关他私生活的事可能大部分是虚构的。因此B项符合句意。

15.单选题

Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswer（）withtherealityoftheirworld.

问题1选项

A.relevant

B.simultaneous

C.consistent

D.practical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项relevant表示“相关的；中肯的”，常与介词to搭配，B选项simultaneous表示“同时的，同时发生的”，C选项consistent表示“一致的；连续的”，常与介词with搭配，D选项practical表示“实际的；实践的”。由题干信息可知，原文空缺处单词需与with构成搭配，表示“与……一致”，因此，本题最佳选项为C选项。句意：你必须坚持要求学生的真实回答要与他们的现实世界一致。

16.单选题

Adynamiceconomyisfoundedonthe（）ofentrepreneurs,whichisrewardedbyprofit.

问题1选项

A.perspiration

B.desperation

C.respiration

D.aspiration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。perspiration“汗水，努力”；desperation“绝望的境地，不顾一切拼命”；respiration“呼吸”；aspiration“渴望，抱负”。句意：一个充满活力的经济是建立在企业家的抱负之上的，而这是通过利润来回报的。选项D更符合语境。

17.单选题

Alanisagoodfootballplayerandneverbreaks（）.

问题1选项

A.legal

B.regulations

C.limitation

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项legal“法律的，合法的”。B选项regulation“规则，法规”。C选项limitation“限制，限度”。D选项agreement“协议，同意”。句意：艾伦是个优秀的足球运动员，从不犯规。breakregulation译为“犯规”。因此B选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelong,thinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto（）.

5.Theword“demographic”,inthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

问题1选项

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

问题2选项

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren

问题3选项

A.There