2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号15

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.填空题

Thecompanyheadquartersincludeatechnicallibraryandabigresearchlaboratory.I’vevisited（1）lab,whichisvery（2）equipped.Iwouldn'tmindworkingtheremyself.

【答案】1.the

2.well

【解析】1.语法题。考查定冠词。这里应该用定冠词the来表示特指前面出现过的laboratory。

2.固定搭配。Bewellequipped设备齐全精良。

2.单选题

Hisscheduleisjammedwithmeetingsandothersortsofevents;Iverymuchdoubtthathewillhavetimetoattendtheannualdramafestivalonourcampus.

问题1选项

A.jammedwithmeetings

B.verymuchdoubt

C.havetimetoattend

D.onourcampus

E.没有问题

【答案】E

3.单选题

Thenumberofpeoplebuyingprivateautosisstillrisingrapidly,thereforetheeffectofthegovernment'songoingeffortstocutairpollutionremainsopentoquestion.

问题1选项

A.rapidly,therefore

B.ongoingeffortstocut

C.remainsopen

D.toquestion.

E.没有问题

【答案】E

4.填空题

ProfessorReich’splaneis（1）at2:30.Canyougototheairportto（2）himup?

【答案】1.arriving

2.pick

【解析】1.语义题。Arriveat到达。

2.固定搭配。picksb.up接某人。

5.单选题

1Formillionsofyears,BritainwaspartoftheEuropeancontinent.Ahighridgeoflimestone—nowfamouslyexposedasthechalkycliffsofDover-extendedallthewaytowhatisnowFrance,allowingmammoths,hippopotamiandeventuallyhumanstopassfreelybackandforth.Butabout450,000yearsago,thisrockyroadwascutoffbyafloodofunimaginableproportions.Now,ateamofresearchershasdetailedevidenceofhowthistorrentofdestructionwasunleashed.“They’vemanagedtoidentify...howtheridgewasbreached,”saysgeologistPhilipGibbardoftheUniversityofCambridgeintheUnitedKingdom,whowasnotinvolvedinthecurrentstudy.“I'mquiteenthusiastic.”

2TheideathatenormousfloodsquicklycarvedpartsoftheEnglishChannelwasfirstproposedin1985.Atthetime,geologistAlecSmithofBedfordCollegeinLondonnoticedlarge,interweavingscourmarksonmapsoftheEnglishChannelseafloor.HerecognizedthatthepatternsoferosionresembledthoseoftheChanneledScablands,ahighlyerodedlandscape-stark,barrenandwithlittlesoil—ineasternWashingtonstateinthenorthwesternUS.Thelandscapewasformedbyfloodsfromglaciallakesthatbursttheiricydamsbetween15,000and18,000yearsago.

3SimilarglaciershaveexistedinEurope.Some450,000yearsago,amassiveicesheetspannedScandinavia,reachingdownintonorthernEuropeandmuchofwhataretodaytheBritishIsles.Hemmedinbytheicewasalargeglaciallake.Nooneknowsexactlyhowbigitwas,butitmayhavebeenseveralhundredkilometerswide,anditlikelyfilledthesouthernpartoftheNorthSea.Becausesomuchwaterwasstoredonlandasicesheets,sealevelsarethoughttohavebeenabout120meterslowerthantoday,exposingthebottomofwhatisnowtheEnglishChannel.

4Withthechalkridgeformingadamtothesouth,andtheRhineandotherriversflowingintotheglaciallake,thewaterwouldhavekeptrising.Smithproposedthatthelakewouldeventuallyhavecascadedoverthechalkcliffs.Asevidence,hepointedtolarge,deeppitsatthebaseoftheformerridge—“plungepools”thatwereformedbytheforceofthewaterfallsandlaterfilledinwithsediment.Thescourmarksonthechannelbottomwouldhavebeencarvedbyavastfloodrichindebris.Stillunknownwaswhatunleashedthedeluge.

5Thedramaticideawasthenforgottenformanyyears.“Idon'tthinkmanypeoplebelievedit,”saysSanjeevGupta,ageologistatImperialCollegeLondon.(Smith,whoretiredafewyearsafterfloatinghisidea,diedin2015.)“Ifsmith'shypothesisnowwinsgeneralacceptance,thenthedecadesofdelaywillbeoddlysimilartothedecadesittookfortheoriginoftheChanneledScablandstobeaccepted.WhenthegeologistsJTPardeeandHarlenBretzfirstarguedthatthe

Scablandsweretheproductofashortcatastrophicfloodofhugeproportions,ittookalmostfortyyearstowinovertheirfellowearthscientists.”

6NowGuptaandhiscolleagueshavebroughttheideaofacataclysmicbreakupbackintoseriousconsideration.WithdatafromBritish,BelgianandFrenchresearchvessels,theteamputtogetheraclearpictureofsevenplungepoolsonthechannelfloor(seemapbelow),eachnearlyakilometerwideandupto140metersdeep—evenlargerthanSmithhadestimated.“It'sclearthatthescaleisreallyfargreaterthanoriginallyimagined,”Gibbardsays,“Theplungepoolswereenormous.”

7Thewaterfallspouringfromthelakemighthavebeen50metershighortaller,Guptasays,althoughitisdifficulttoknow.Therelentlesspoundingofthecascadesmayhavespunlargeblocksofstoneinsidethepoolsatthebottom,drillingintothebedrock.Allthisdiggingmighthavefatallyweakenedtheridge,eventuallycausingittofail,GuptaandcolleaguesproposetodayinNatureCommunications.“Ithinkthey’veworkedoutanintelligentaccountofhowthismayhavehappened,”saysKimCohen,ageologistatUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlands,whowasnotinvolvedinthework.

8Itisnotyetpossibletoknowhowlongittookthewaterfallstoerodethechalkridge,Guptasays.Theonlywaytotellwouldbetocollectsamplesbydrillingintothesedimentsthatlaterfilledinthepools.Butthatisatrickyproposition,giventhebusytrafficoftheshippingchannelanditsstrongcurrents,"it’sadangerousareatodogeologicalresearchin,"saysGibbard,notingthatjustgettingthenewsubmarineimageswasanaccomplishment.

9Theimagesalsoclarifytheextentoferosionfromanotherroundofcatastrophicfloodingduringasubsequenticeage.Again,theevidenceissubmerged,becausesealevelismuchhighertoday.Butperhaps160,000yearsago—thetimingisuncertain—hugefloodsdugoutwhatisknownastheLobourgChannel,whichtheimagesrevealedtobeabout10kilometerswideand20metersdeep.Thiswasprobablythefinalbreachoftheremnantsofchalkridge,Guptasays.

10Thesetwindisastersmeanttroubleforancientcommuters.ThisisbecausetheyputtravelbetweenBritainandEuropeatthemercyofsealevel.Previously,whentheseasroseandcoveredthefloorofthechannel,thechalkridgewouldstillhavebeenpassable.Butwhenthefirstcatastrophicfloodtorethrough,Britainwascutoffforthefirsttime.(Ofcourse,whensealevelfellenough,theEnglishChannelwouldhavebeendryagainDespiteamajorriverflowingtothesouthwest,animalsandpeoplecouldpassbackandfortheasily.

11Britainmostrecentlybecameanislandabout9000yearsago.And—nowthattheUnited

KingdomhasofficiallyannounceditsintentiontosevertieswiththeEuropeanUnion--itwillbecomeevenmoreofone.

1.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle,Britainhasbeenmoreorlessthegeographicislandthatweknowitastodaysince（

）.

2.TheauthortellsusthatPhilipGibbardwasnotinvolvedinthestudybeingreportedonhere.Hemostprobablydoesthisinorderto（

）.

3.EarlierresearchontheoriginoftheChannelScablandsofeasternWashingtonwaspresumablyusefultoAlecSmithinthatit（

）.

4.Somethingseemstobemissingfromthetextofthisarticleasitisprintedhere.Themissingitemis（

）.

5.IsPhilipGribbardoptimisticaboutthelikelihoodthatwewillsoonknowhowlongittookwaterfallstoerodethechalkridgementionedinparagraphs7-10?

6.Thearticleindicatesthat,thankstothenewdataandimages,Guptaandhisfellowresearchershave（

）.

问题1选项

A.450,000yearsago.

B.160,000yearsago.

C.approximately13,000BC.

D.roughly7,000BC.

问题2选项

A.showthatGibbard’sopinionsshouldbeviewedwithcaution

B.lendgreaterweighttoGibbard'sopinionsandinput

C.distinguishGibbard’srolefromthatofSanjeevGupta

D.makeitclearthatmostgeologistsagreewithGuptaandhisteam

问题3选项

A.helpedhimtorecognizethescourmarksontheflooroftheEnglishChannel

B.indicatedthelandscapethatheshouldwatchforaroundtheglaciallakethatcoveredancientBritain

C.showedhowoldthescourmarksmightbe

D.suggestedwhatkindofeventmighthaveproducedthescourmarks

问题4选项

A.achart

B.amap

C.agraph.

D.atableofprehistoricsealeveldata

问题5选项

A.No,becausethemanyshipsandpowerfulcurrentsintheChannelmakeithazardoustodrillthere.

B.No,becausetheplungepoolscarvedoutbytheancientwaterfallsarenowburiedunderverythicklayersofsediment.

C.Yes,becausesubmarineimagesclarifywhicheventscausedhowmucherosionandwhere.

D.Yes,becausesubmarinescannowprovideextremelyvaluableassistanceinthedrillingoperationsthatwillbenecessary

问题6选项

A.provedthatgeologistswererighttodismisssmith'shypothesiswhenitwasproposed32yearsago

B.conclusivelydemonstratedthecorrectnessofsmith'shypothesis

C.shedafavorablenewlightonsmith'shypothesis,butwithsomanynovelfeatures(especiallythemuchgreaterscale)thatitisnowasmuchGupta’sideaassmith’s

D.revivedinterestinSmithshypothesisandmoveditclosertogeneralacceptance

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干问的是:不列颠大约什么时候开始变成我们今天所指的地理岛?第11段首指出:Britainmostrecentlybecameanislandabout9000yearsago(不列颠大约9000年前成为了一个岛屿)。据此推断,答案为D:大约公元前7000年。

2.作者意图题。根据题干定位至第一段:Now,ateamofresearchershasdetailed…study.“I’mquiteenthusiastic.”(一组研究人员详细地证明了这股毁灭的洪流是如何爆发的。英国剑桥大学的地质学家菲利普•吉布德（PhilipGibbard）说：“他们已经设法确定了……山脊是如何被破坏的。”他没有参与目前的研究。但他说:“我很热情。”)。这里的ateamofresearchers指的是下文中的Cupta和他的团队。这里说PhilipGibbard没有参与目前的研究,D但表明了他的观点。据此推断这么做是为了将他们区分开来。

3.推理判断题。第二段指出:1985年,首次提出了巨大的洪水快速雕刻出英吉利海峡的部分地区的观点。地质学家AlecSmith研究英吉利海峡海底大片交织的冲刷痕,这和华盛顿东部由冰川湖的洪水形成的ChanneledScablands地貌很相似，据此推测:英吉利海峡冲刷痕可能是同样的原因（洪水）形成的。

4.细节事实题。第六段括号处(seemapbelow）见下图。可知文章缺失一幅图。

5.细节事实题。Gibbard说：“在这里进行地质研究很危险”。他说，一项成就是获得新的潜艇图像。由此可知对于弄清楚瀑布用多长时间侵蚀着白垩山脊，Gibbard并不乐观，因为海峡里的许多船只和强大的水流使得在那里钻洞是危险的”。

6.推理判断题。第六段:NowGuptaandhiscolleagueshavebroughttheideaofacataclysmicbreakupbackintoseriousconsideration(现在，Gupta和他的同事们对（AlecSmith）灾难性的分裂的想法重新严肃考虑)。接下来说根据数据,研究小组对在英吉利海峡海底的7个水池进行了清晰的描述。由此可知，基于新的数据和图片，Gupta和他的同事们“为Smith的假设提供了一个有利的新线索。故选C:为史密斯的假设提供了一个很好的新线索，但由于有如此多的新特点（尤其是更大的规模），以至于Smith的假设现在成了Gupta的观点。

6.填空题

A:Ittakeshalf（1）hourto（2）tothestation.Ifwedon'tsetoutsoon,I'm（3）we'llmissourtrain.

B:Oh，I’mgladyoutoldme!I（4）itonlytook15minutes.We’d（5）go

rightawaythen.

【答案】1.an

2.get

3.afraid

4.thought

5.better

【解析】1.固定搭配。halfanhour半小时。

2.固定搭配。Getto到达。

3.固定搭配。I’mafraid....恐怕…

4.语义题。句意:我还以为只要15分钟。前面句子为一般过去时,所以这里也用一般过去时(think的过去式thought)。

5.固定搭配。wouldbetterdosth.最好…。

7.填空题

Thestoresaresocrowdedtodayandthefilmatthetheatreisterrible.（1）juststayhomeand（2）televisioninstead.Ofcourse,ifyou’dreally（3）goout,wecandothat.I’llleaveituptoyou.

句意:今天商店特别拥挤，剧院里面的电影也难看，我们还是待在家里看电视吧。当然，如果你真的想出去，我们可以出去。出去与否由你做决定。

【答案】1.Let’s

2.watch

3.rather

【解析】1.语义题。letus缩写为let’s后跟动词原形,表示提议。

2.固定搭配。看电视用watchtelevision。

3.语义题。句意:如果你真想出去，我们可以出去。

8.填空题

A:Isn’tthatyourcar?

B:No,it（1）.Mineis（2）redoneoverthere

【答案】1.isn’t

2.the

【解析】1.语法分析。此处是否定回答。

2.语法分析。句意:我的是红色那辆。此处为特指,所以用定冠词the。

9.单选题

AtthemomentI’mreadinganF.D.A.reportthatsummarizesthedebateontheresponsibilityofvariousagriculturalandmanufacturingcorporationsforthespreadofmercurypollutioninfoodproducts.

问题1选项

A.Atthemoment

B.anF.D.A.report

C.debateon

D.variousagriculturalandmanufacturing

E.没有错误

【答案】E

10.填空题

Smallchildrenneedtobe（

）tolookbothwaysbeforetheycrosstheroad.

【答案】

told

【解析】语义题。句意:小孩子需要被吿知横穿马路前要看两边/需要告知小孩过马路要看两边。因此tell符合句意,空格处应用动词的过去分词形式和前面的be动词一起表被动。

11.单选题

Iremindedhimthatwehadaskedforanordinaryroom,notaspecialroom,andwhenIinquiredwhatisunusualaboutourroom,heseemednottowanttoanswer.

问题1选项

A.hadaskedforanordinaryroom，not

B.inquiredwhat

C.unusualabout

D.seemednottowant

E.没有错误

【答案】C

【解析】形容词误用。将unusual改为special。句意:我提醒他,我们要求入住的是普通间,而不是专用房，并且，当我询问我们的房间有什么特殊时,他似乎不想回答。unusual不寻常的；不平常的。special特别的；专门的。

12.单选题

WithtrafficconstantlyontheincreaseinthestreetsofBeijing,themetroisthebestwaytogetaroundthecityduringrushhours，howeverthecrowdsinthemetrotrainsarenowalsoa

problem.

问题1选项

A.getaroundthecity

B.constantlyontheincrease

C.getaroundthecity

D.hours，however

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】句子连接错误。however后面加逗号。however在句子中表示"然而",表示转折时,通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。

13.单选题

TheChinagovernmenthasannounceditsintentiontodoublethecountry’sinvestmentinresearchonsolarpoweroverthenextthreeyears.

问题1选项

A.TheChinagovernment

B.itsintentiontodouble

C.inresearchon

D.overthenext

E.没有问题

【答案】A

【解析】theChinagovernment应改为theChinesegovernment或thegovernmentofChina.

14.填空题

Thismanclaimsthathe’sfromBeijing,buthespeakswithastrongsouthern（1）It’sobviousthatheisjust（2）tobefromBeijing.I（3

）wherehe’sreallyfrom.

句意:这个人声称自己来自北京，但他说话时却带浓重的南方口音。很明显，他说自己来自北京是在撒谎。我想知道他真正来自何处。

【答案】1.accent

2.lying

3.wonder

【解析】1.语义题。口音用“accent”。

2.固定搭配。Lietosb.对某人撒谎。这里用其现在进行时lying。

3.语义题。Iwonder我想知道。

15.填空题

NextmonththereisanimportantscientificconferenceinBerlinthatIhaveagreedto（1）.I’mscheduledtoleaveBeijingonthe12thand（2）onthe18th.I’vebeenaskedtogivea20-（3）presentationexplainingourcurrentresearch.Ilook（4）tothisconference,（5）willgivemean（6）tomeetotherresearchersinmyfield.TheonlythingthatI’m（7）aboutismyspokenEnglish,especiallywhenIgivethepresentation.I’ve（8）acoachwhoisnowhelpingmeto（9）mypronunciationanddelivery.

【答案】1.attend

2.back

3.minute

4.forward

5.which

6.opportunity

7.worried

8.hired

9.improve

【解析】1.固定搭配。attendaconference参加会议。

2.语义题。根据前文中的leaveBeijingonthe12th可知“onthe18th”表示“18日返回”。

3.语义题。a20-minutepresentation20分钟的演讲。

4.固定搭配。lookforwardto期盼,期待。

5.语法题。考查定语从句关系词。此处为一个非限制性定语从句，故填入的引导词为which。

6.语义题。Givemeanopportunity给我提供机会。

7.固定搭配。beworriedabout为…担心。

8.语义题。宾语acoach“教练”可以推断出谓语动词可以用hire(聘请)，由于是现在完成时，故需要用hired。

9.语义题。improve表示“提高发音和表达”。

16.填空题

Ingeneral,I’mgladthatIdon’townacar.（1）IdowishthatI（2）amotorcycle,though.It（3）benicetobeabletoget（4）ofthecityonweekends.Ienjoywanderinginthemountains（5）thenorthandwestofourcampus,buttransportation（6）makeithardformetodothatmorethanthreeorfourtimes（7）year.AmotorbikeisjustwhatIneed.

【答案】1.sometimes

2.owned

3.would

4.out

5.to

6.Problems

7.a

【解析】1.语义题。由空格前句意“我通常高兴自己没有车”中“ingeneral通常”及空格后关键词“though但是”的对应可推知这里表示“有时也希望自己拥有一辆摩托车”。

2.语义题。句意:有时也希望自己拥有一辆摩托车。此处为wish引导虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反的愿望（其构成为主语+wishthat+从句主语+动词过去式（be—律用were）。

3.这里用表将来的委婉语气词“would”表示“将会”。

4.固定搭配。getoutof离开。

5.语法题。考查介词。tothenorthandwestofsth.在…的北面和西面

6.语义题。句意:交通问题让我为难。

7.语义题。这里表示“每年三次或四次”。

17.单选题

1.Inthepastfewyears,evenastheUShaspulledoutoftheGreatRecessionof2008,someeconomistsandtechnologistshavewarnedthattheeconomyisnearatippingpoint.Whentheyexaminelabor-marketdata,theyseetroublingsigns,maskedfornowbyacyclicalrecovery.Theyseeautomationhighandlow—robotsintheoperatingroomandbehindthefast-foodcounter.Theyimagineself-drivingcarsandAmazondeliverydronesdottingthesky,replacingmillionsofdrivers,warehouseStockersandsalesworkers.Theyobservethatthecapabilitiesofmachinescontinuetogrowexponentially,whileourownremainthesame.Andtheywonder:Isanyjobtrulysafe?

2.Science-fictionwritershaveattimeslookedforwardtothetakeoveroftheworkplacebymachines.Theyimaginethedisappearanceofdrudgeryanditsreplacementbygreaterleisureandalmostlimitlesspersonalfreedom.Ifthecapabilitiesofcomputerscontinuetomultiplywhilethe

priceofcomputingcontinuestofall,thatwillmeanagreatmanyoflife’snecessitiesandluxurieswillbecomeevercheaper,anditwillmeangreatwealthforsome.

3.Butthewidespreaddisappearanceofworkwouldopenthewayforasocialtransformationunlikeanywe’veseen.Savingworkmaybemoreimportantthansavinganyparticularjob.IndustriousnesshasservedasAmerica’sunofficialreligionsinceitsfounding.Thesanctityandpreeminenceofworklieattheheartofthecountry’spolitics,economicsandsocialinteractions.Whatmighthappenifworkgoesaway?

4.TheUSlaborforcehasbeenshapedbytechnologicalprogress.Agriculturaltechnologygavebirthtothefarmingindustry,theindustrialrevolutionmovedpeopleintofactories,andthenglobalizationandautomationmovedthembackout,givingrisetoaserviceeconomy.Butthroughallthesechanges,thetotalnumberofjobsalwaysincreased.Whatmaybeloomingisaneraoftechnologicalunemploymentinwhichtheinventionsofcomputerscientistsandsoftwareengineersshrinkthetotalnumberofjobspermanently.

5.Thehopethatmachinesmightfreeusfromtoilhasalwaysbeenmixedwiththefearthattheywillrobusofouragency.InthemidstoftheGreatDepression,theBritisheconomistJMKeynesforecastthatby2030technologicalprogresswouldallowa15-hourworkweek,andabundantleisure.Butaroundthesametime,USPresidentHooveralsoreceivedaletterwarningthatindustrialtechnologywasa“monster”thatthreatenedtoupendmanufacturing,“devouringourcivilization”.Thesehopesandfearswererevisitedwithparticularurgencyduringthe1960s,asthecomputerrevolutiontookshape.

6.AccordingtoPeterFrase,theauthorofFourFutures,anewbookabouthowautomationwillchangeAmerica,workisreallythreethingsthemeansbywhichtheeconomyproducesgoods,themeansbywhichpeopleearnincome,andanactivitythatlendsmeaningorpurposetomanypeople’slives.“Wetendtoconfusethesethings,”hetoldme,“becausetodayweneedtopaypeopletokeepthelightson,sotospeak.Butinafutureofabundance,youwouldn’t,andweoughttothinkaboutwaystomakeiteasiernottobeemployed.”

7.Frasebelongstoasmallgroupofwriters,academicsandeconomistswhowelcometheendoflabor.USsocietyhas“anirrationalbeliefinworkforwork’ssake,”saysBenjaminHunnicutt,anotherofthisgroupandahistorianattheUniversityofIowa,“eventhoughmostjobsaren’tveryuplifting.”A2014Gallupreportonworkersatisfactionfoundthatasmanyas70percentofAmericansdon’tfeelengagedbytheircurrentjob.Hunnicutttoldmethatifacashier’sworkwereavideogame,criticsofvideogamesmightcallitmindless.Butwhenit’sa“job”，politicianspraiseitsintrinsicdignity.“Purpose，meaning,creativity,autonomy-allthesethingsthatpsychologyhasshowntobenecessaryforwell-beingareabsentintheaveragejob，”hesaid.

8.Thesethinkersarecertainlyrightaboutsomeimportantthings.Paidlabordoesnotalwayscorrelateneatlywithsocialgood.Raisingchildrenandcaringforthesickareessentialwork,yetthesejobsarecompensatedpoorlyornotatall.Inapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttsaid,peoplemightspendmoretimecaringfortheirfamiliesandneighbors:oursenseofpersonalworthcouldcomefromourrelationshipsratherthanfromourcareers.Thepost-workproponentsagreethateveninthebestpost-workscenarios,prideandjealousywillremain,eveninaneconomyofabundance.Butwiththerightgovernmentarrangements,theybelieve,theendofwagelaborwillallowforagoldenageofwell-being.Hunnicuttthinkscollegescouldreemergeasculturalcentersratherthanjob-preparationinstitutions.Thewordschool,hepointedout,comesfromskholetheancientGreekwordfor“leisure”.“Weusedtoteachpeoplehowtobefree,”hesaid.“Nowweteachthemhowtowork.”

9.Hunnicutt’svisiondoesn’tresembletheworldcurrentlyexperiencedbymostjoblesspeople.Fewofthemspendtheirdowntimesocializingwithfriendsortakingupnewhobbies.InsteadtheywatchTVorsleep.Time-usesurveysshowthatjoblesspeopleintheirthirtiesandfortiesdedicatesomeofthetimeoncespentworkingtocleaningandchildcare.Butmeninparticulardevotemostoftheirfreetimetoleisure:watchingtelevision,browsingtheinternet,andsleeping.Retiredseniorswatchabout50hoursoftelevisionaweek.Theunemployedtheoreticallyhavethemosttimetosocialize,yetstudiesshowthattheyfeelthemostsocialisolation.

10.Mostpeoplewanttoworkandaremiserablewhentheycannot.Peoplewholosetheirjobaremorelikelytosufferfrommentalandphysicalailments.“Thereisalossofstatus,ageneraldepressivefeeling,whichaffectsthebodyorthemindorboth,”saysRalphCatalano,apublic-healthprofessoratUCBerkeley.Researchshowsthatitishardertorecoverfromalongperiodofjoblessnessthanfromlosingalovedoneorsufferingalife-alteringinjury.Theverythingsthathelpmanypeoplerecoverfromotheremotionaltraumas~aroutine,anabsorbingdistraction,adailypurpose-arenotreadilyavailabletotheunemployed.

11.ThetransitionfromlaborforcetoleisureforcewouldlikelybeparticularlyhardonAmericans,theworkerbeesoftherichworld:Between1950and2012,annualhoursworkedperworkerfellsignificantlythroughoutEurope—byabout40percentinGermanyandtheNetherlands-butbyonly10percentintheUnitedStates.Wealthier,university-educatedAmericansareworkingmorethantheydid30yearsago,particularlywhenonecountstimeworkingandansweringe-mailathome.

12.In1989,psychologistsconductedafamousstudyofChicagoworkersthatfoundpeopleatworkoftenwishedtheyweresomewhereelse.Butthesesameworkersreportedfeelingbetterintheofficeorattheplantthantheydidelsewhere.Thetwopsychologistscalledthis“theparadoxofwork”：manypeoplearehappiercomplainingaboutjobsthantheyarewithtoomuchleisure.Otherresearchersdescribepeoplearewhousemediatorelaxbutoftenfeelworthlesswhentheyreflectontheirunproductivedowntime.Thepost-workthinkersarguethatAmericansworksohardbecausetheircultureconditionsthemtofeelguiltywhentheyarenotbeingproductive.Theyassertthatthisguiltwillfadeasworkceasestobethenorm--anuntestablehypothesis.Whenaskedwhatsortofmodemcommunitymostresembleshisidealofapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttadmitted,“I’mnotsurethatsuchaplaceexists.”

1.Inparagraph1,the“operatingroom”（

）.

2.Thewritersmentionedinparagraph2.

3.Inparagraph2,theauthorforeseesafuture.（

）

4.InBritainandAmerica,liberationfromworkhaslongbeenregardedas.

5.Theword“agency”inparagraph5（

）.

6.TheauthorofthearticleseemstobelievethatintheUnitedStatesdedicationtoworkfunctionalmostlikewhatinChinesesociety?

7.（

）.

8.Theauthorofthisarticle（

）.

9.Inorderforhumanstobetrulyhappyaswage-payingjobsceasetobeapartoftheirlives,peoplelikeHunnicuttthinkthatwhoserolewillbeespeciallysignificant?

10.Menwithoutjobsandpensionersaremostsimilarinthattheyspendagreatdealoftime（

）

11.Theauthorofthisarticlewouldprobablyagreethatwhowilladjustmostcomfortablytothedisappearanceofconventionaljobs?

问题1选项

A.iswheremanyofthemostadvancedrobotswillbedesigned.

B.servesasanexampleofautomationinahighlyskilledprofessionalfield.

C.ismentionedtoshowhowintimatethecontactofhumansandrobotswillbe.

D.definestheupperlimitofthechangesthatautomationandroboticswillbringtoourdailylives.

问题2选项

A.aresharplycriticalofpeoplewhofeartheriseofrobot.

B.tendtoapproveofautomationbuthavemixedfeelingaboutrobots.

C.viewautomationandroboticsprimarilyintermsoftheirimpactontheeconomy.

D.tendtoviewtheadvanceofautomationandroboticsinaratheroptimisticlight.

问题3选项

A.ofrisingincomesforpeoplegenerally.

B.ofdramaticallyhigherincomesforalimitednumberofpeople.

C.withdecliningwealthandfallingincomesforaminorityofthepopulation.

D.inwhichthedirectionofeconomicdevelopmentiscompletelyunclear.

问题4选项

A.apurelypositivedevelopment.

B.asimpleconsequenceoftechnicalchange,tobeacceptedcalmly.

C.bothdesirableandthreatening.

D.theroadtorapideconomicandmoralruinforhumanity.

问题5选项

A.referstoourabilityandwilltodetermineourownindividuallives.

B.suggeststhatwithoutjobswewillbecomelazyandirresponsible.

C.referstothecompaniesthatemploymosthumanbeingsintoday’sworld.

D.functionsasasynonymof“income”.

问题6选项

A.Devotiontofamily.

B.DedicationtoGod.

C.Loveofmoney.

D.Devotiontoclosefriends.

问题7选项

A.ishopefulthatautomationwillenableustomakejobstrulyuplifting.

B.thinksthatpeoplewholookdownonvideogamesprobablydon’tenjoyworking.

C.isoftheopinionthatthejobsmostAmericanshavearefarsillierthanvideogames.

D.believesthatAmericanstendtooverestimatethepositivenon-economicvalueofhavingajob.

问题8选项

A.consistentlyrejectstheopinionsofthewriterswholookforwardtoapost-worksociety.

B.tendstoagreewiththeirassessmentofthegenuinevalueofjobsinUSsocietytoday.

C.thinksthathowmodemAmericanswithoutjobsmostoftenbehaveprovideslittlesupportfortheirarguments.

D.thinksthatthetendenciesobservableinthebehaviorofmodemAmericanswithnojobssupportstheirargumentsfairlywell.

问题9选项

A.Thatofsocialpsychologists.

B.Thestates.

C.Thatofeducators,especiallyattheuniversitylevel.

D.Thefamily’s.

问题10选项

A.socializing.

B.watchingtelevision.

C.practicinghobbies.

D.online.

问题11选项

A.Chicagoan.

B.Americanswithuniversitydegrees.

C.Europeans.

D.Male.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:B

第11题:C

【解析】1.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段:Theyseeautomationhighandlowrobotsintheoperatingroomandbehindthefast-foodcounter。他们可以从高端和低端领域看到自动化的存在一一在操作间以及在快餐柜台的后边”，由此我们可知operatingroom应该是自动化在高端低端领域的运用，因此选择B项(作为自动化在高技术专业领域的实例)。

2.推理判断题。根据题干定位至第二段:Science-fictionwritershaveattimeslookedforwardtothetakeoveroftheworkplacebymachines(科幻作家有时候期待工作场地被机器所替代)。可知他们对于自动化和机器人技术是持积极的态度,因此选D项(倾向于乐观地看待自动化和机器人技术的进步)。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位至最后一段:...thatwillmeanagreatmanyoflife’snecessitiesandluxurieswillbecomeevercheaper,anditwillmeangreatwealthforsome(…这意味着许多生活必需品和奢侈品将变得越来越便宜，这对一些人来说是一笔财富)。因此选B项(作者预见将来对于某些人来说收入剧增)。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词BritainandAmerica和liberation定位至第五段:Thesehopesandfearswererevisitedwithparticularurgencyduringthe1960s,asthecomputerrevolutiontookshape(这些希望与担忧在20世纪60年代是如此急促地回现，当时正值计算机技术改革的时候),因此选C项（既渴望又感受到威胁）。

5.词义