2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号97

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid.Yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.

Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfastertheknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon'tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon'tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo-theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,"Thoroughlyconsciousignoranceisapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.

Thisperspectiveonscience-thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers-shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyandinfact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles-andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.

LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia-thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.

1.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?

2.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?

3.Theexpression"takeabackseat"inparagraph5probablymeans（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.

B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.

C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.

D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.

问题2选项

A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.

B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.

C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.

D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.

问题3选项

A.takeabackplace.

B.haveadifferentrole.

C.beofgreaterpriority.

D.becomelessimportant

问题4选项

A.Theinvolvementofthepublicinscience.

B.Scientists'enjoymentofignorance.

C.Theaccumulationofscientificknowledge.

D.Newton’sstandinginthehistoryofscience.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。题目提问‘以下哪一项在这篇文章中得到了最好的支持？’根据第三段中“Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.科学知识的一个关键成果是产生新的、更好的无知方式——不是那种与缺乏好奇心或教育相关的无知，而是一种有教养的、高质量的无知。”确定B选项“知识产生更好的无知”正确。

2.推理判断题。题干：为什么科学关注的是问题而不是答案？由题干中的question、answer可定位到文章第四段最后一句“Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings”，作者认为，人们更容易了解问题（questionsarealsomoreaccessible）。因此选项B符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘第5段中"takeabackseat”是什么意思？’根据文章“LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.最近，科学的这一面在公众心目中……，我称之为科学的累积观点对我们来说，这一堆事实太多而永远无法企盼征服。”以及根据文章最后一句话中“apubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventure一位公众再次参与了这场伟大的冒险”可知此处表示公众对科学的对比态度，D选项“变得不那么重要了”正确。

4.推理判断题。题干：作者在这篇文章中最关心的是什么？全文讲的是科学与大众的关系，文章最后总结道“thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations”，作者关注的是让大众参与到科学中来。因此选项A符合题意。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

2.单选题

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthCenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycleoreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistantandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdrivesfromwouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenth-andearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

问题1选项

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists

问题2选项

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Tobothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.ToonemodeltheSun'smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

问题3选项

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.Theyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeofthefounderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

问题4选项

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistainpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunderstormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years.

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。A选项“指出有关太阳活动的两种相对的科学理论并对其各自的地质依据进行评价”，B选项“简要概述近期科学在太阳物理学方面的发展并且就他们对未来气候研究的影响做出评价”，C选项“讨论将地球上的各种现象与太阳活动联系起来的困难性并指出问题的解决方法影响着我们对太阳物理活动的理解”，D选项“概述有关太阳物理的问题之所以一直没解决的原因并且对现代物理学家过度理论化的方法进行指责”，根据文章大意可以推断出C选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章对太阳活动的两种模式的介绍主要集中在文章的第三段。根据第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“简而言之，太阳大范围的磁场是自给自足的，因此与之相关的太阳活动周期将会在几十亿年内维持基本不变”可知在第一种模式中，太阳活动的周期是与太阳大范围的磁场相关的并且太阳活动周期是可以长期维持基本不变的。根据第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.”“在这种模式中，与太阳磁场相关的太阳机制变化更快，因此，太阳活动周期的特点也会在很长一段时间后有所变化”可知在第二种模式中太阳活动的周期也是和太阳磁场相关的，但是太阳活动周期是会有所变化的。所以A选项‘在这两个模型中，周期性的太阳活动被认为是太阳的一个长期特征，在数十亿年的时间里几乎没有变化。’和C选项‘在一个模型中，太阳磁场被认为是导致太阳活动的一个因素，而在另一个模型中则不是。’表错误，D选项文章中没有体现，所以B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.”“太阳活动极小期的真实性还有待考证，特别是中国当时肉眼观察到的太阳活动的记录又与其相矛盾”确定A选项‘他们认为,蒙德极小期的数据是建立不正确的。’符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“简而言之，太阳大范围的磁场是自给自足的，因此与之相关的太阳活动周期将会在几十亿年内维持基本不变”确定D选项“数亿年前太阳活动的周期性特征和如今太阳活动的周期性相同”是对第一种模式的支持。

3.单选题

Itshowshoweconomicandsocialand,aboveall,politicalchangeshaveplayedtheir

part,sothat,correctly（

）,thepostagestampinwhichmillionsofpeople,youngand

old,findpleasure,knowledgeandevenprofit,hasalwaysbeenafaithfulmirrorofthetimes.

问题1选项

A.interpreting

B.beinginterpreted

C.tobeinterpreted

D.interpreted

【答案】D

【解析】非谓语动词的用法。A选项interpreting动词的分词形式，表示主动；B选项beinginterpreted动词被动语态的分词形式；C选项tobeinterpreted动词被动语态的不定式，表示将来或打算；D选项interpreted动词的过去分词。句意：最重要的是，这说明了经济、社会、政治变化如何发挥作用，从而，正确理解应该是，…分析句子可知空格前的内容与interpret之间为被动关系，且应该是过去发生，而不是正在发生或将要发生，D选项正确。

4.单选题

Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.

问题1选项

A.irresistible

B.irremissible

C.irreplaceable

D.irretrievable

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项的irresistible“不可抵抗的，不能压制的”；B选项的irremissible“不可宽恕的，无法逃避的”;C选项的irreplaceable“不能调换的”；D选项的irretrievable“不能挽回的，不能复原的”。根据句意‘比赛还有五分钟结束，我们落后四分，所以这场比赛看上去完全无法挽回’确定D选项正确。

5.单选题

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheframesofgoodandevil.

问题1选项

A.external

B.eternal

C.central

D.internal

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。A选项“外部的；表面上的；（药物）外用的”；B选项“不朽的，永恒的，无休止的”；C选项“中心的；主要的；中枢的”；D选项“内部的，内在的”；根据句意‘一些人将生活看作善恶势力之间永恒的冲突’确定B选项正确。

6.单选题

Politicians,environmentalistsandbusinessmenfromallovertheworldassembledtodiscussthewayof（

）atmospherepollution.

问题1选项

A.cuttingup

B.cuttingdown

C.cuttingoff

D.cuttingout

【答案】B

【解析】动词短语辨析。根据句意‘来自世界各地的政治家、环保人士和商人们都聚集在一起来讨论减少大气污染的方法。’可知此处是指要讨论减少大气污染的方法，因此应填表示“减少”的含义，A选项cutup“切碎”;B选项cutdown“砍倒，减少”；C选项cutoff“切断，隔绝”；D选项cutout“切断，删掉”。B选项正确。

7.单选题

JanHendrikSchon’ssuccessseemedtoogoodtobetrue,anditwas.InonlyfouryearsasaphysicistatBellLaborites,Schon,32,hadco-authored90scientificpapers—oneevery16days—dealingwithnewdiscoveriesinsuperconductivity,lasers,nanotechnologyandquantumphysics.Thisoutputastonishedhiscolleagues,andmadethemsuspicious.Whenoneco-workernoticedthatthesametableofdataappearedintwoseparatepapers—whichalsohappenedtoappearinthetwomostprestigiousscientificjournalsintheworld,ScienceandNature—thejigwasup.InOctober2002,aBellLabsinvestigationfoundthatSchonhadfalsifiedandfabricateddata.Hiscareerasascientistwasfinished.Scientificscandals,whichareasoldasscienceitself,tendtofollowsimilarpatternsofpresumptionandduereward.

Inrecentyears,ofcourse,thepressureonscientiststopublishinthetopjournalshasincreased,makingthejournalsmuchmorecrucialtocareersuccess.ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.Eachscientificspecialtyhasitsownsetofjournals.PhysicistshavePhysicalReviewLetters,neuroscientistshaveNeuron,andsoforth.ScienceandNature,though,aretheonlytwomajorjournalsthatcoverthegamutofscientificdisciplines,frommeteorologyandzoologytoquantumphysicsandchemistry.Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.Andscientistslooktothejournalsinparttoreachjournalists.Whydotheycare?Competitionforgrantshasgottensofiercethatscientistshavesoughtpopularrenowntogainanedgeovertheirrivals.Publicationinspecializedjournalswillwintheacclaimsfromacademicsandsatisfythepublish-or-perishimperative,butScienceandNaturecomewiththeaddedbonusofpotentiallygettingyourpaperwrittenupinTheNewYorkTimesandotherpublications.

Scientiststendtopaymoreattentiontothebigtwothantootherjournals.Whenmorescientistsknowaboutaparticularpaper,they’remoreapttociteitintheirownpapers.Beingoft-citedwillincreaseascientist's“ImpactFactor’’，ameasureofhowoftenpapersarecitedbypeers.Fundingagenciesusethe"ImpactFactor'*asaroughmeasureoftheinfluenceofscientiststhey’reconsideringsupporting.

1.TheachievementsofJanHendrikSchonturnedouttobe（

）.

2.TofindwhyscientificscandalslikeSchon’soccur,peoplehavebeguntoraisedoubtaboutthetwotopjournalsfor

（

）.

3.Theexpression’’thecreamofthecrop”inParagraph3likelymeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.surprising

B.inconceivable

C.praiseworthy

D.fraudulent

问题2选项

A.theiracademicprestige

B.theirimportancetocareersuccess

C.theirpopularitywithscientificcircles

D.theirreviewingsystem

问题3选项

A.themostofall

B.thebestofall

C.therecentlyreleased

D.thewidelyspread

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问‘JanHendrikSchon的成就被证明是…’。在第一段中，最开始讲到Schon的成绩好得令人难以置信，而后其同事发现他是抄袭的，然后贝尔实验室的调查发现了他伪造和捏造了数据，所以他结束了其科学生涯。所以D选项“骗人的”正确。

2.细节事实题。题干询问‘为了找出像肖恩这样的科学丑闻发生的原因，人们开始怀疑两个顶级期刊上…’。由第二段第二句“ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.他质疑的问题是，自然和科学是否已经变得过于强大，成为科学走向公众的仲裁者，以及这些期刊是否能够胜任它们作为看门人的任务。”确定A选项“它们的学术声誉”正确。

3.推理判断题。题干询问‘第3段中的“thecreamofthecrop”可能是指’。由第三段第四句“Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.因此，记者们每周都要从这些新发表的科学论文中寻找精华。”确定B选项“所有中最好的”正确。

8.单选题

Myboneshavebeenachingagain,astheyoftendoinhumidweather.Theyachelikehistory:thingslongdonewith,thatstillremainaspain.Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.Therearesleepingpills,ofcourse,butthedoctorhaswarnedmeagainstthem.

Lastnight,afterwhatseemedhoursofdampturmoil,Igotupandcreptslipperlessdownthestairs,feelingmywayinthefaintstreetlightthatcamethroughthewindow.Oncesafelyarrivedatthebottom,Iwalkedintothekitchenandlookedaroundintherefrigerator.TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.I'vefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary;mymealsaresnatchedandrandom.Furtivesnacks,furtivetreatsandpicnics.Imadedowithsomepeanutbutter,scoopeddirectlyfromthejarwithaforefinger:whydirtyaspoon?

Standingtherewiththejarinonehandandmyfingerinmymouth,Ihadthefeelingthatsomeonewasabouttowalkintotheroom~someotherwoman,theunseen,validowner~andaskmewhatinhellIwasdoinginherkitchen.I’vehaditbefore,thesensethateveninthecourseofmymostlegitimateanddailyactions—peelingabanana,brushingmyteeth―Iamtrespassing.

Atnightthehousewasmorethaneverlikeastranger's.Iwanderedthroughthefrontroom,thediningroom,theparlour,handonthewallforbalance.Myvariouspossessionswerefloatingintheirownpoolsofshadow,denyingmyownershipofthem.Ilookedthemoverwithaburglar’seye,decidingwhatmightbeworththeriskofstealing,whatontheotherhandIwouldleavebehind.Robberswouldtaketheobviousthings~thesilverteapotthatwasmygrandmother’s,perhapsthehand-paintedchina.Thetelevisionset.NothingIreallywant.

1.Theauthorcouldnotfallasleepbecause（

）.

2.TheauthordidnotlikethefoodintherefrigeratorbecauseitwasNOT（

）.

问题1选项

A.itwastoodampinthebedroom

B.shehadrunoutofsleepingpills

C.shewasinverypoorhealth

D.shefeltveryhungry

问题2选项

A.fresh

B.sufficient

C.nutritious

D.delicious

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问作者不能入睡的原因。由第一段中第三句“Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.当疼痛非常严重时，它让我无法入睡。每晚我都渴望睡觉，我努力去睡着，但是睡觉如同一个窗帘样在我的面前飘动”确定C选项“她身体非常不好”正确。

2.推理判断题。题干询问作者不喜欢吃冰箱的食物的原因。由第二段第三句“TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.这里没有太多我想吃的东西：剩下的东西有一把芹菜、一块染了蓝色的面包尾部和一个正变软的柠檬”确定A选项“新鲜”正确；B选项“充足的”、C选项“营养的”和D选项“可口的”不正确。

9.单选题

OnceRenaissancepaintersdiscoveredhowto（

）volumeanddepth,theywereabletoreplacethemedievalconventionofsymbolic,two-dimensionalspacewiththemoreillusionofactualspace.

问题1选项

A.reverse...conventional

B.portray...abstract

C.deny...concrete

D.render...realistic

【答案】D

【解析】词义辨析题。第一个空的选项：reverse“颠倒，倒转”；portray“描绘，扮演”：deny“否认，拒绝给予”；render“提供，以……回报，描绘，处理（绘画等的主题）”，第二个空的选项：conventional“传统的，习惯的”；abstract“抽象的”；concrete“具体的，有形的”；realistic“现实的，实际的，实事求是的”，根据关键词“volumeanddepth”“symbolic”和句意‘当文艺复兴的画家们发现如何描绘体积和深度之后，他们就能够使用更现实的实在空间感来取代中世纪的象征意味的、二维空间的绘画习惯了’确定D选项正确。

10.单选题

Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience（

）onbenches,chairsorboxes.

问题1选项

A.havingseated

B.seated

C.seating

D.havingbeenseated

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。现在分词通常强调动作的主动语态，而过去分词强调状态，强调被动语态或已经发生过的，根据句意‘促销通常在户外进行，人们坐在长凳、椅子或盒子上’确定B选项的seated表示坐的状态，正确。

11.单选题

Ricci,45,isnowstrikingoutonperhapshisboldestventureyet.HeplanstomarketanEnglishlanguageeditionofhiselegantmonthlyartmagazine,FMR,intheUnitedStates.OnceagaintheskepticsaremurmuringthatthesuccessfulRiccihasheadedforabigfall.AndonceagainRicciintendstoprovethemwrong.

Ricciissoconfidentthathehaschristenedhisquest“OperationColumbus”andhassethissightsondiscoveringanAmericanreadershipof300,000.Thatgoalmaynotbetoofar-fetched.TheItalianeditionofFMR—theinitials,ofcourse,standforFrancoMariaRicci—isonly18monthsold.Butitisalreadythesecondlargestartmagazineintheworld,withacirculationof65,000andaprofitmarginofUS$500,000.TheAmericaneditionwillbepatternedaftertheItalianversion,witheach160issuecarryingonly40pagesofadsandnomorethanfivearticles.Butthecontentswilloftendiffer.TheEnglish-languageeditionwillincludemoreAmericanworks,Riccisays,tohelpAmericansgetover“aninferioritycomplexabouttheirart,”Healsohopesthatthemagazinewillbecomeavehicleforatwo-wayculturalexchange—whathelikestothinkofasamarriageofbrains,cultureandtastefrombothsidesoftheAtlantic.

Torealizethisvision,Ricciismountingoneofthemostlavish,enterprising—andexpensive-promotionalcampaignsinmagazine-publishinghistory.BetweenNovemberandJanuary,eightjumbojetswillfly8millioncopiesofasample16editionofFMRacrosstheAtlantic.FromawarehouseinMichigan,6.5millioncopieswillbemailedtoAmericansubscribersofvariouscultural,artandbusinessmagazines.SomeoftheremainingcopieswillcirculateasaspecialSundaysupplementintheNewYorkTimes.ThecostoflaunchingOperationColumbusisastaggeringUS$5million,butRicciishopingthat60%ofthepricetagwillbefinancedbyItaliancorporations.“TolandinAmericaColumbushadtouseSpanishsponsors,”readsonesentenceinhispromotionalpamphlet.“WewouldlikeItalians.”

LikeColumbus,Riccicannotknowwhathisreceptionwillbeonforeignshores.InItalyhegambled—andwon—onasimpleconcept:itismoreimportanttoshowartthantowriteaboutit.Hence,oneissueofFMRmightfeature32full-colorpagesof17th-centurytapestries,followedby14pagesofoutrageouseyeglasses.Heisgamblingthattheconceptisexportable.“Idon’texpectthatmorethan30%ofmyreader...willactuallyreadFMR,”hesays.“Themagazineissuchavisualdelightthattheydon’thaveto.”Still,heisliningupanimpressivestableofwritersandprofessorsfortheAmericanedition,includingNoamChomsky,AnthonyBurgess,EricJongandNormanMailer.Inaddition,heseemstobepursuinghisowneclecticvisionwithoutgivingamoment’sthoughttosuchestablishedcompetitorsasConnoisseurandHorizon.“TheAmericanscandoalmosteverythingbetterthanwecan，”saysRicci,“Butwe(theItalians)havea2,000yearedgeontheminart.”

1.RicciintendshisAmericaneditionofFMRtocarrymoreAmericanartworksinorderto（

）.

2.RicciiscomparedtoColumbusinthepassagemainlybecause

（

）.

3.WegettheimpressionthattheAmericaneditionofFMRwillprobably（

）.

问题1选项

A.boostAmericans’confidenceintheirart

B.followthepatternsetbyhisItalianedition

C.helpItaliansunderstandAmericanartbetter

D.expandthereadershipofhismagazine

问题2选项

A.theybothbenefitedfromItaliansponsors

B.theywereexplorersintheirownways

C.theyobtainedoverseassponsorship

D.theygotawarmreceptioninAmerica

问题3选项

A.carrymanyacademicarticlesofhighstandard

B.followthestyleofsomefamousexistingmagazines

C.bemadbyonethirdofAmericanmagazinereaders

D.pursueadistinctiveeditorialstyleofitsown

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。本题是问Ricci为什么计划在美国版的FMR上登载更多的美国艺术品。根据本文的第二段倒数第二句“TheEnglish-languageeditionwillincludemoreAmericanworks,Riccisays,tohelpAmericansgetover‘aninferioritycomplexabouttheirart’.里奇说，英文版将包括更多的美国作品，以帮助美国人克服“对自己艺术的自卑情结”。’’由此可知，登载更多美国艺术品是为了帮助美国人树立自信心，因为他们对其没有太长历史的文化艺术而感到自卑。A选项正确。

2.推理判断题。本题是问本篇文章将Ricci和哥伦布相比的主要原因是什么。分析文章第二段‘OperationColumbus”andhassethissightsondiscoveringanAmerican’以及常识可知，哥伦布是一位探险家，他发现了美洲大陆，而Ricci是想要开拓美国的艺术杂志市场，是一位商业探索者，因此他们同是探索者。B选项正确。

3.推理判断题。本题是问对美国杂志FMR的印象如何。由本文最后一段“Inaddition,heseemstobepursuinghisowneclecticvisionwithoutgivingamoment’sthoughttosuchestablishedcompetitorsasConnoisseurandHorizon.此外，他似乎在追求自己的折衷主义视野，而没有考虑到像鉴赏家和地平线这样的老牌竞争对手。”可知该杂志的编辑方式不同于其他艺术杂志，所以D选项D“追求自己独特的艺术风格”正确。

12.单选题

Aftersuchaconfrontationbetweenthetwoparties,anyreconciliationwouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.outofquestion

B.withinquestion

C.withoutquestion

D.outofthequestion

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。A选项“毫无疑问，没问题”；C选项“毫无疑问”；D选项“不可能，根本谈不上”；B选项不是一个短语；根据句意‘在两党之间有了这样的冲突后，和解是不可能的了’确定D选项正确。

13.单选题

JosephHellerisagreatnovelistwhohasthrilledthousandsofleaders,（

）manyAmericanaccomplishednovelistskneelathisfeetandcan'thelpsinginghispraises.

问题1选项

A.inthat

B.somuchsothat

C.since

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】连词词义辨析题。A选项的inthat“因为，由于，既然”；B选项的somuchsothat“到这样程度以至于……，甚至”；C选项的since通常用于现在完成时态，表示“自从……”；D选项的while“当……时候，然而……”。根据句意‘约瑟夫•海勒是个伟大的小说家，震惊了成千上万的领导人，甚至很多美国著名的小说家都臣服于他的才华，情不自禁地赞扬他’确定B选项正确。

14.单选题

Whilemanypeopleutilizehomeopathicremediestotreathealthproblems,otherpeopledonot（

）suchalternativetreatments,（

）conventionalmedicaltreatments

instead.

问题1选项

A.distrust...employing

B.embrace...eschewing