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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thetoneofthearticle()thewriter’smoodatthetime.

问题1选项

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reproduce“复制,繁殖”;B选项reflect“反射,反应”;C选项imagine“想象,猜想”;D选项imitate“模仿,仿制”。句意:这篇文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。由选项意思和句意可知,B选项符合句意。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

EnergyMinisterCharlesHendryannouncedlastweekthatconvertingtheplutonium(钚)toMOX(mixed-oxidefuel)wasstilltheplan,butanew£3billion(US$4.7billion)plantwouldonlybebuiltifitcouldbeshownthatitwasbothaffordableandofferedvalueformoney.Althoughatfirstglancethismayseemfiscallyprudent,whentakenwithotherrecenteventsitstartstolooknonsensical.JustafewweeksagotheNDA(theNuclearDecommissioningAuthority),respondingtothegovernment’sownrequesttoconsiderhowtodealwiththestockpile,advisedthatthecostofmakingMOXisgreaterthanitsvalueasafuel.Andtherefore,themostcost-effectiveplanwouldbetocontinuestoringtheplutoniumuntilageologicaldisposalfacilitybecomesavailableforittobeburiedunderground.Sowhat’sgoingon?Tomakesenseofitall,NaturepeersthroughthelookingglassoftheBritishnuclearindustry.

【答案】能源部长查尔斯•亨得利上周宣布,将钚转化为MOX(混合氧化物燃料)仍然在计划中,但是只有在能负担得起和有收益的情况下,才会建造一项新的30亿英磅(47亿美元)的工厂。尽管乍一看,这在财政上似乎是谨慎的,但与最近发生的其他事件相结合,就开始显得荒谬了。就在几周前,NDA(核退役管理局)回应了政府自己提出的考虑如何处理库存的请求,建议制造MOX的成本大于其作为燃料的价值。因此,最经济实惠的计划将是继续储存钚,直到有地质处理设施可以将其埋在地下为止。那么到底发生了什么?为了弄清这一切,《自然》透过英国核工业的镜子审视了这一切。

3.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

当科学家希望用一种声音说话时,他们往往会采用一种非常不科学的方式:共识报告。其理念是:将多个专家的知识浓缩为一种能够解决争议、帮助制定政策的单一看法,但是达成这种共识往往违背这些目标,并且会削弱其本欲凸显的权威。专家小组开始会提出许多有价值的原理和建议。然而,形成专家共识的讨论确实在“政治”上的共通性大于其在“科学”上的相同之处。

【答案】Whenscientistswanttospeakwithonevoice,theytendtodosoinaveryunscientificway:consensusreport.Theideaistocondensetheknowledgeofmultipleexpertsintoasingleviewthatcanresolvedisputesandhelppolicymaking.Butreachingsuchaconsensusoftendefeatsthosegoalsandunderminestheauthority.Thepanelwillbeginwithmanyvaluableprinciplesandsuggestions.However,thediscussionsthatformexpertconsensusdohavemoreintercommunitywith“politics”thanwith“science”.

4.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto,withstrongconnotationsofdirtinessandpoorhealth.Climatechangeisaboutmuchmorethanjustdirtyair,butfindingwaysofmakingclimatechangemorevisibleiscritical.Peoplesimplydon’tworryaboutthingstheycan’tsee(orevenimagine).Oneapproachthathasbeenusedtoincreasetheamountthatpeopleusepublictransportbreaksdownhabitsintosimple“if…then”plans.Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample),abehaviortheywanttoperforminpursuitofthatgoal(getthebustoworkonFridays)andasituationthatwilltriggerthebehavior(havingenoughtimetocatchthebus).

【答案】一个美国研究向人们播放演员在做天气转变演讲的录音。人们反应最好的版本谈论的是“空气污染”而不是“气候变化”—因为污染是和他们有关的,可以看见的脏乱和对健康的不良影响。气候变化不仅仅是空气污染的问题,但找到让气候变化更加有形的方法是至关重要的。人们只是不担心他们看不见(甚至想象不到)的事情。一种增加人们使用公共交通工具数量的方法是把习惯分解成简单的“如果……那么”计划。为了改变一种习惯性行为,一个人必须确定一个目标(比如少开车),一种他们为了追求这个目标想要做的行为(周五坐公共汽车去上班),以及一种能够触发这种行为的情况(有足够的时间去赶公共汽车)。

5.单选题

Importantpeopledon’toftenhavemuchfreetimeastheirwork()alltheirtime.

问题1选项

A.takesover

B.takesaway

C.takesin

D.takesup

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项takeover“接管,借用”;B选项takeaway“拿走,带走”;C选项takein“吸收,接受”;D选项takesup“开始从事,占据”。句意:重要人物往往没有太多的空闲时间,因为他们的工作占据了他们所有的时间。根据选项和句意可知,D选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Thatmythicalbeast,homoeconomicus,isutterlyclearaboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanwork,andifmoneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenplentifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.

Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingtotheirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththeaveragewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens’commitmenttowork(gaugedbyaskingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregardedajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.

Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdoesnotentirelyexplaintheircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsofhardwork:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelofeducationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounterpartselsewhere.

Couldthe“dependencyculture”currentlyexcercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraisingbenefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformanyreasons.Thegenerosityofwhatthereportterms“encompassing”states,allNordicwithLutherantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrongworkethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.

Andworkincentivesareaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverallgenerosity:“corporatist”statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.Britain’slittlebenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofpreviousemployment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasoneofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.

6.“Work-shycitizens”inthelastsentenceofparagraph1probablyreferstopeoplewhoare().

7.Fromparagraph2,welearnthat().

8.Britonsareunmotivatedintheirworkmainlydueto().

9.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

A.incompetentfortheirwork

B.ashamedoftheirwork

C.unwillingtodotheirwork

D.irresponsiblefortheirwork

问题2选项

A.Britons’averagewageisthelowestinEurope

B.Britonsrelyheavilyongovernmentwelfares

C.Britonspreferleisuretowork

D.Britonsarenotenthusiasticinwork

问题3选项

A.weakworkethic

B.insufficientworkskills

C.lazylifestyle

D.defectivewelfaresystem

问题4选项

A.AmericansareprobablylessinterestedintheirworkthanBritons.

B.NorwegiansexceedBritonsinprofessionaleducation.

C.PeopleinNordiccountriesaremorecommittedtotheirworkthanGermans.

D.Thewelfareof“encompassing”statesmightbebetterthanthatof“corporatist”states.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题5选项

A.AttitudetoWork:DiligentorIdle?

B.AttitudetoWork:Can’torWon’t?

C.WelfareSystem:StimulatororInhibitor?

D.WelfareSystem:MoreGenerousorMoreReasonable?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干:第一段最后一句中的“work-shycitizens”可能指的是_________的人。通过关键词“work-shycitizens”可以定位到第一段最后一句话前后内容Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenplentifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.(如果现实中的人也一样如此,那么大量的失业福利应该在那些不愿工作的公民身上找到。),可知C选项“不愿去做他们的工作”符合题意。选项A“无法胜任他们的工作”,B选项“对自己的工作感到羞愧”,D选项“对他们的工作不负责任”。根据“失业福利”这个单词可知,Work-shycitizens指的是不愿工作而导致失业的人,所以A,B,D选项均不符合题意。综上所述,本题的正确答案是C选项。

2.推理判断题。题干:从第2段,我们可以学习到_______。根据第二段最后一句话Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.(一个国家越慷慨,其人民就越热衷于工作。英国人紧随美国人之后,福利最微薄,他们对工作最不感兴趣。)可知,D选项“英国人对工作没有热情”,符合题意。A选项“英国人的平均工资是欧洲最低的”,文章表达的英国福利最差,并不是说平均工资最低,属于概念混淆,所以A选项不正确。B选项“英国人严重依赖政府福利”,英国人享受的福利是最差的,所以B选项的表述也不正确。C选项“比起工作,英国人更喜欢休闲”,文中并没有提及英国人喜欢休闲,属于无中生有,所以C选项也不正确。综上所述,本题的正确答案是D选项。

3.事实细节题。题干:英国人在工作中缺乏积极性主要是因为_________。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句话Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.(其原因之一可能是英国劳动力的技能的构成。研究人员发现,符合逻辑的是,专业人士和大学毕业生对工作的态度比无技能和没有大学学历的人更积极。),所以B选项“工作技能不足”符合题意。A选项“薄弱的职业道德”,C选项“懒惰的生活方式”,D选项“有缺陷的福利系统”,这三个选项在此处并没有提及。综上所述,本题的正确答案为B选项。

4.推理判断题。题干:下列哪个选项可以从文章中推断出来?A选项“美国人对工作的兴趣可能不如英国人”,通过文章第二段最后一句话Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.(一个国家越慷慨,其人民就越热衷于工作。英国人紧随美国人之后,福利最微薄,他们对工作最不感兴趣。),可知,美国人的福利待遇比英国好,所以美国人比英国人更加热爱工作,A选项不正确。通过文章第三段FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.(拥有专业工作或学位的英国人少于挪威人(挪威人在工作承诺方面排名第一)),可知,B选项“挪威的职业教育超过了英国”,符合题意。通过文章第五段第二句话“corporatist”statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.(像德国这样的“社团主义”国家会给那些工龄较长的人更好的福利,他们可能通过这样的制约性来鼓励积极的工作态度。),所以德国人会更加投入工作,可推断出C选项“北欧国家的人比德国人对工作更投入”和D选项“包容国家的福利可能比社团主义国家更好”均不正确。综上所述,本题的正确答案为B选项。

5.主旨大意题。题干:下列哪一个是文章的最好的标题?文章第一段就指出,工作的目的就是获得报酬。第二段以英国人为例,说明人们对工作的积极性和国家的慷慨程度和福利有关。第三段指出英国人对工作不热情的另一个原因是缺乏技能。第四段指出每个国家对工作态度不同的原因有很多种,强烈的职业道德也是原因之一。第五段以德国的例子说明工作的动力还会受到福利体制的特点影响。文章主要说的是人的工作态度是积极的还是消极的受到方方面面的因素影响,所以本题选B选项“工作态度:不能还是不愿意?”正确。A选项“工作态度:勤奋还是懒惰?”对主旨的概括不够贴切,C、D选项都在说福利待遇,不能全面概括文章内容。综上所述,本题的正确答案为B选项。

7.单选题

Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,()byhisguide,wouldfindhiswaythroughthejungle.

问题1选项

A.havingbeendeserted

B.havingdeserted

C.tohavebeendeserted

D.tobedeserted

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词desert和主语explorer是被动关系,B选项havingdesert“抛弃”表示主动,所以B选项排除,C选项tohavebeendeserted和D选项tobedeserted都表示“将要被抛弃”,A选项havingbeendeserted相当于whohadbeendeserted,用来修饰explorer,表示现在已经被抛弃。句意:那位探险家被向导遗弃后,要找到穿过丛林的路似乎没有什么希望了。综上所述,本题的正确答案是A选项。

8.单选题

ThelegendaryislandofAtlantiswas()bytheseaanddisappearedwithoutatrace.

问题1选项

A.emerged

B.disclosed

C.engulfed

D.whelmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项emerge“显现,浮现”;B选项disclose“公开,揭露”;C选项engulfed“吞没,席卷,卷入”;D选项whelmed“淹没,用……覆盖”,句意:传说中的亚特兰蒂斯岛被大海吞没,消失得无影无踪。由选项意思和句意可知,C选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Publicspeakingfillsmostpeoplewithdread.Humiliationisthegreatestfear;self-exposureandfailingtoappealtotheaudiencecomeaclosesecond.Womenhateitmost,sincegirlsarepressurizedfromanearlyagetobeconcernedwithappearancesofallkinds.

Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.Ifyouwereunderpressuretobeperfect,youareterrifiedoffallinginthemostpublicofways.

Whileextrovertswillfeellessfearbeforetheordeal,itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.WhenImettheBritishcomedianJulianClary,hewasshyandcautious,yethisTVperformancesareperfect.

Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife,thekeyseemstobetoactyourself.Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.Whilepoliticiansmaylimitdamagebyhavingcarefullyrehearsed,writtenscriptstospeakfrom,thereisalwaysahiddenawarenessamongtheaudiencethatthewordsmightnotbetrue.

Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.

Although,asEarlSpencerprovedathissisterPrincessDiana’sfuneral,itispossiblebothtoprepareeverywordandtoactnaturally.Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.

But,beingyourselfdoesn’tworkeither.Ifyouspokeasifyouwereinyourownkitchen,itwouldbetooauthentic,toounawareoftheneedtocommunicatewithanaudience.

IremembergoingtoseeBritishpsychiatristR.D.Laingspeakinpublic.Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.

Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.Studiessuggestthatthisstateof“flow”,aspsychologistscallit,isverysatisfying.

1.“This”inParagraphTworefersto().

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor’sviewpoint?

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewonpersonality?

4.TheauthorimpliesthatwhilespeakingR.D.Laing().

5.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorrecommendsthat().

问题1选项

A.insecurity

B.senseoffailure

C.publicspeaking

D.pressure

问题2选项

A.Actinglikeperformersspoilsthemessageinaspeech.

B.Perfectionofscriptsisnecessaryinmakinggoodimpressions.

C.Actingnaturallymeanslessdependenceonthepreparedscript.

D.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenactualactingandactingnaturally.

问题3选项

A.Personalityisthekeytosuccessinpublicspeaking.

B.Extrovertsarebetterpublicspeakers.

C.Introvertshavetolearnhardertobegoodspeakers.

D.Factorsotherthanpersonalityensurebetterperformance.

问题4选项

A.wasbothtoocasualandauthentic

B.wasactinglikeaperformer

C.waskeepingagoodbalance

D.wasawareofhisaudience

问题5选项

A.youforgetaboutyournervousness

B.youfeelnaturalandspeaknaturally

C.youmayfeelnervous,butappearnaturally

D.youmayimagineyourselftobenatural

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干:文章第二段的“this”指的是___________。第一段说到演讲使很多人望而却步。首先是因为害羞,其次是害怕在众人面前露面而且担心不能吸引听众。女人尤其讨厌演讲,因为女孩子从小就感受到各种公开露面的压力。然后定位到文章第二段Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.(很多人都有较强的不安全感,这项活动似乎可以引发人们的不安全感。),根据上下文可知,指示代词this指代本篇主题:公开演讲。所以本题的正确选项是C“公开演讲”。

2.推理判断题。题干:以下哪个选项不是作者的观点________。第四段第三句话Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.像真正的演员那样表演,就像是在念别人的台词而不是你自己的台词一样,往往是行不通的。对应A选项“表演得像演员一样会破坏演讲中的信息”的内容。第五段第一句话Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.(同样地,许多美国学者的完美地不可思议的演讲都极不自然。你可能会在听完演讲后买他们的书,但是很快,你会有一种莫名的上当受骗的感觉,就像吃完快餐食品后的感觉一样。听完许多完美地不可思议的演讲后往往会有一种莫名的上当受骗的感觉。),说明太完美的内容让演讲不自然,和B选项“为了给人留下好印象,完美的剧本是必要的”表达的意思不符合,所以本题应该选择B选项。第六段的第二句话Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.(但是稿子很少能起作用,它只是大多数演讲者的拐杖而已。)和C选项“自然的表演意味着少依赖准备好的剧本”内容对应,综合以上,可以推断出即使是精心准备的演讲也不一定能够博得听众的好感,所以D选项“在真实的表演和自然的表演之间应该有一个平衡。”也是正确的。综上所述,本题的正确答案为B选项。

3.推理判断题。题干:关于个性,哪一项是作者的观点?通过第四段第一句话Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.(事实上,性格并不能最准确地预测出一个人能否成功。),可推断出A选项“性格是成功演讲的关键”错误。通过第三段第一句话Whileextrovertswillfeellessfearbeforetheordeal,itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.(性格外向的人在这种折磨下比性格内向的人感受到的恐惧要小些,但这并不意味着他们一定会比性格内向的人做得更好。有些很害羞的人也能成功得使自己脱颖而出。)可推断出B选项“外向的人是更好的公众演说家”错误,和C选项“内向的人要想成为优秀的演讲者必须更加努力学习”错误。根据题干关键词personality定位到第四段:Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife,thekeyseemstobetoactyourself.(人的性格并非做好演讲的最好标准,关键在于其他因素。)。综上所述,本题D选项“人格之外的因素保证了更好的表现”正确。

4.推理判断题。题干:当提起R.D.Laing时,作者暗示________。通过题干关键词“R.D.Laing”定位到第八段Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.(当他即兴发言的时候表现地好像个十足的怪人。尽管他那天谈论的是有关疯狂的话题,而且他的文章写的是精神病,他看起来就像是在表演而不是在进行解释。),因此R.D.Laing在演讲时更多的是在表演,是在作秀,故B选项“表现得像个表演者”为正确答案。其他三项在文中均未提及,排除。

5.推理判断题。题干:在最后一段,作者建议_________。定位到文章最后一段,Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.(演讲时的最佳心理状态是无意识的自我意识,从而获得表现自然的幻觉。),所以本题的正确答案是D选项“你可以想象自己是自然的”,A选项“你会忘记你的紧张”,文章并没有暗示演讲时会忘记你的紧张,所以A选项排除,B选项“你感觉自然,说话自然”,最后一段表达的意思是,心里状态要自然,并没有提及说话需不需要自然,所以B选项排除,C选项“你可能会感到紧张,但要表现得自然”文章表达的是要克服紧张的心里情绪,所以C选项也不正确,综上所述,本题的正确答案为D选项。

10.单选题

Relyingonhis(),thedoctorcuredtheseeminglyincurablepatient.

问题1选项

A.approach

B.faith

C.expertise

D.confidence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项approach“方法,方式”;B选项faith“信仰,信念”;C选项expertise“专业知识,专门技术”;D选项confidence“自信,信任”,句意:医生依靠他的专业知识治好了这个看似无法治愈的病人。由选项意思和句意可知,C选项符合句意。

11.单选题

AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately()fromMarathontoAthens.

问题1选项

A.distance

B.thedistanceis

C.thedistance

D.isthedistance

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位语。approximatelythedistancefromMarathontoAthens是26milesand385yards的同位语,因此C项“thedistance”;为正确答案。这个距离特指从马拉松到雅典的距离,所以要加定冠词the,C正确,A排除。填入B,D选项逗号后面都是一个完整的句子,但是approximately是一个副词,不可以连接两个句子,故排除。句意:奥林匹克马拉松是26英里385码,距离大约是从马拉松到雅典。所以本题的正确答案是B选项。

12.单选题

Allthememoriesofhischildhoodhad()fromhismindbythetimehewas65.

问题1选项

A.faded

B.illustrated

C.confined

D.concerned

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fade“褪色,凋谢,逐渐消失”;B选项illustrate“阐明,举例说明”;C选项confine“限制,禁闭”;D选项concern“关系到,涉及”。句意:在他65岁时,童年的所有记忆都从他的脑海中消失了。由选项意思和句意可知,A选项符合句意。

13.单选题

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?

Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofappliedknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.

Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity—hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.

Heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable—andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytoverifythem.

Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.Thereseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.

1.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough(

).

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutcuriosity(

)?

3.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot(

).

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss(

)?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetopic(

)?

问题1选项

A.appliedknowledge

B.morethanoneaspect

C.technologyonly

D.theuseofmachines

问题2选项

A.Itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Itgivesrisetointerestinproblemsthatareunexplained.

C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Itencouragesthescientisttolookfornewwaysofacting.

问题3选项

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.

B.easilycriticizeothers’researchwork.

C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork.

D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.

问题4选项

A.Applicationoftechnology.

B.Progressinmodernsociety.

C.Scientists’waysofthinkingandacting.

D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.

问题5选项

A.Critical.

B.Objective.

C.Biased.

D.Unclear.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干:很多人相信科学通过_______帮助社会进步。通过题干关键词“Manypeoplebelieve”定位到第二段第二句Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience(然而,许多人认为,我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面),这里明确指出社会进步要靠twodifferentaspectsofscience,因此B选项正确。A选项“应用知识”,C选项“仅靠技术”,D选项“利用机器”,A,C,D选项都不够全面。综上所述,本题的正确答案为B选项。

2.细节判断题。题干:关于好奇心,以下哪个选项不正确?由题干中的“curiosity”定位至第三段。第三句和第四句对科学家的好奇心进行了详细解释。第三句指出Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected(他通常把注意力放在那些没有令人满意的解释的问题上,他的好奇心使他寻找潜在的关系,即使可用的数据似乎是毫无关联的),选项B对应前一个分句,选项C对应and后的第二个分句。末句Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.(此外,他认为他可以改善现有的条件,并乐于尝试解决其中涉及的问题。),表示他对自己有信心,且从这一过程获得愉悦,即pleasure,A也符合文意。综上所述,本题的正确答案为D选项。

3.细节判断题。通过文章可知,一个成功的科学家不会_________。根据第六段首句的内容,选项A中的uncheckedstatements是对“statementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable”的概括,说明成功的可科学家不应该轻信没有检验的结论,故选A。选项B“容易批判别人的研究工作”与第七段首句的含义一致,所以排除B选项,选项C“在工作中经常利用想象力”和最后一段第一句表达的意思重合,所以排除C选项,选项D“经常利用通过观察得到的证据”和倒数第三段第一句表达的意思重合,所以排除D选项。故排除。从文中可知,科学家不是很容易相信没有检验的结论,但是他不仅批判别人的工作,还批判自己的工作,工作时需要想象力,充分利用自己观察所得。综上所述,本题正确答案是A选项。

4.主旨大意题。题干:文章主要讨论的是?文章开篇通过一个文句引出对科学态度的本质的思考,第二段和第三段介绍了社会进步以来与科学的两个方面,之后第四段首句通过一个问句引出全文主题。后面的内容都是对这个主题的具体说明。末段对这一主旨进行概括,可见本文的主要内容是关注methodsofthinkingandacting,故选C。A、B、D选项均不符合题意。综上所述,本题正确答案是C选项。

5.观点态度题。在第四段提出本文主旨后,作者就逐一介绍成功科学家的思维和行为方式。文中没有任何正面或负面评价,可见作者在文中是非常客观地说明成功科学家的思维和行为方式,故选B“客观的”。A选项“批评的”,C选项“有偏见的”和D选项“不清楚的”,均不是作者的观点。综上所述,本题正确答案是B选项。

14.单选题

They()outbecausethelightison.

问题1选项

A.mustn’thavegone

B.maynothavegone

C.cannothavegone

D.needn’thavegone

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词辨析。表示推测时,肯定形式用must,否定形式用can’t一般表示对事实有根据的否定推测。如:Hecan’tbeinthehouse;hewentouthalfanhourago.(他不可能在家,半小时前他就出去了。)can后接动词的完成时态表示某人可能已经做了某事或某事已发生,或者由虚拟语气延伸而表示“能而未”。如:Wherecanhehavegone?(他能去哪儿了呢?)Manywomencouldhavehadverygoodpositionsinsociety,buttheypreferredtostayathometakingcareoftheirfamilies.(许多妇女都能在社会上找到很好的工作,但她们宁愿呆在家里,照顾家人。),A选项mustn’thavegone“禁止出去”;mustnot表示禁止,语气强硬,一般情况下后面不跟动词的完成时态,B选项maynothavegone“可能没出去”;C选项cannothavegone“不可能出去”;D选项needn’thavegone“不需要出去”。句意:灯还开着,他们_____。由“灯还开着”可以推断出,他们不可能出去了,一定还在家,所以本题的正确答案是C选项。

15.单选题

They’veliftedatwo-year-longeconomic()onthecountry.

问题1选项

A.enclosure

B.restriction

C.blockade

D.prohibition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项enclosure“围墙,围场”;B选项restriction“限制,约束”;C选项blockade“包围,封锁”;D选项prohibition“禁止,禁令”。economic常和blockade搭配,意思是“经济封锁”。句意:他们解除了对该国长达两年的经济封锁。由选项意思和句意可知,C选项符合句意。

16.单选题

Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:thatinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsportsencourageinternationalbrotherhood.Notonlywastherethetragicincidentinvolvingthemurderofathletes,buttheGameswerealsoruinedbylesserincidentscausedprincipallybyminorcontests.

Onecountryreceiveditssecond-placemedalswithvisibleindignationafterthehockeyfinal.Therehadbeennoisyscenesattheendofthehockeymatch,thelosersobjectingtothefinaldecisions.Theywereconvincedthatoneoftheirgoalsshouldnothavebeendisallowedandthattheiropponents’victorywasunfair.Theirmanagerwasinaragewhenhesaid:“Thiswasn’thockey.HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederationarefinished.”ThepresidentoftheFederationsaidlaterthatsuchbehaviorcouldresultinthesuspensionoftheteamforatleastthreeyears.

TheAmericanbasketballteamannouncedthattheywouldnotyieldfirstplacetoRussia,afteradisputableendtotheircontest.TheGamehadendedindisturbance.ItwasthoughtatfirstthattheUnitedStateshadwon,byasinglepoint,butitwasannouncedthattherewerethreesecondsstilltoplay.ARussianplayerthenthrewtheballfromoneendofthecourttotheother,andanotherplayerpoppeditintothebasket.ItwasthefirsttimetheUSAhadeverlostanOlympicbasketballmatch.Anappealjurydebatedthematterforfourandahalfhoursbeforeannouncingthattheresultwouldstand.TheAmericanplayersthenvotednottoreceivethesilvermedals.

Incidentsofthiskindwillcontinueaslongassportisplayedcompetitivelyratherthanfortheloveofthegame.Thesuggestionthatathletesshouldcompeteasindividuals,orinnon-nationalteams,mightbetoomuchtohopefor.ButinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicsthereisfartoomuchthatencouragesaggressivepatriotism.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,recentOlympicGames().

2.Whatdidthemanagermeanbysaying,“…HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederationarefinished”?

3.Thebasketballexampleimpliedthat().

4.Theauthorgivesthetwoexamplesinparagraphs2-3toshow().

5.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.createdgoodwillbetweenthenations

B.bredonlyfalsenationalpride

C.barelyshowedanyinternationalfriendship

D.ledtomoreandmoremisunderstandingandhatred

问题2选项

A.Histeamwouldnolongertakepartininternationalg

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