2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)试卷号46_第1页
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2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)试卷号46_第3页
2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)试卷号46_第4页
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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring(

)thought,time,andeffort.

问题1选项

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。significant“有重大意义的,显著的”;enormous“巨大的,庞大的”;considerable“相当多(或大、重要等)的”;numerous“众多的,许多的”一般用来修饰可数名词。句意:写作是一个缓慢的过程,需要大量的思考、时间和努力。根据题干中的“thought,time,andeffort”可知C项符合题意。因此答案选C。

2.单选题

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirsnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutedtheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback-aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen-andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent-andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance-havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat()

2.AsaresultofPresentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave()

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill()

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat()

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

问题1选项

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.

C.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.

D.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.

问题2选项

A.ahighersenseofsecurity.

B.lesschancetoinvest.

C.lesssecuredpayments.

D.aguaranteedfuture.

问题3选项

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare.

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass.

C.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk.

D.compensateforthereducedpensions.

问题4选项

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks.

B.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.

C.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenge.

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.

问题5选项

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassinConflict

C.TheMiddleClassontheCliff.

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问“现如今这种双收入家庭面临更大财务危险的原因”。由原文前两段可知:由于经济原因,现在夫妻双方都要出去找工作。而以前,妻子一般在家操持家务,即使丈夫万一生病或失业了,妻子也可以出去找工作帮助家庭度过难关。但现在这种备选方案无用了,因此双收入家庭更容易受到家庭经济变化的影响。故本题正确答案为D选项。

2.细节事实题。根据原文第三段可知,在去年的大多数时间里,布什总统一直致力于将社会保险体制转变为一种储蓄存款账户模式,要求退休人员将大多数或全部有保障的收入变成必须依靠投资收益的收入,对年轻家庭来说情况也好不到哪去。医疗的绝对费用和家庭必须承担的份额都在上升。所以,退休人员的可靠收入可能更少。故本题正确选项为C项。

3.推理判断题。根据原文第三段“...newlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare”可知,医疗费用节约计划将增加家庭投资风险,可判断C项正确。A项和D项在原文中并未提及,属于无中生有。原文提到这个计划正在从上层立法院大厅到底层沃尔玛超市员工之间广泛开展,但并不能得出在中产阶级中间得以推广,故B项不正确。因此本题正确答案为C选项。

4.推理判断题。题干询问由最后一段可以看出什么。由最后一句“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.”可知,作者认为(美国)经济已经开始滑落,那政治上的滑落应该也不远了。因此可以推断,作者认为经济问题可能会引发政治问题。故本题正确答案为B。

5.主旨判断题。题干询问哪一项最适合作为文章题目。文章第一段介绍了中产阶层可能在几个月之内衰败成一个新的贫困家庭,后文随即介绍了造成这种现状的原因,所以本文主要讲述的是中产阶级面临穷困问题的现象。因此,本题正确答案为C选项。

3.单选题

ThefamousmovieTitanic()itsaudience.

问题1选项

A.thoughtintermswith

B.touchedachordin

C.hadconfidencein

D.hadatastefor

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项thinkintermswith表示“结合……思考”;B选项touchachordin表示“触动……的心弦”;C选项haveconfidencein表示“对……有信心”;D选项haveatastefor表示“对……感兴趣;爱好……”。根据“Titanic”(《泰坦尼克号》)可知,这部电影应当是触动了观众的心弦,故B项最符合句意。因此,本题正确答案为B项。

4.单选题

TheReader'sDigestinvestigationaskedAmericanswhichwasthebiggestthreattothenation'sfuture--bigbusiness,biglabororbiggovernment.Awhopping67percentreplied"biggovernment".Thatisabigchangeover40yearsago.A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices.Ina1965Gallupsurvey,thosebelievingbiggovernmenttobetheproblemhadrisento35percent;by1985,to50percent.

Now(1995)twoofthreeAmericansfearbiggovernment.Opinionresearchersrarelyseesuchavastchangeinpublicattitude.Whenputinhistoricalperspective,fromthetimeofFranklinRoosevelt’sNewDealtothepresent,thefallenstatusofgovernmentasaprotectorandbenefactorisextraordinary.We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression.

Inourpoll,takenbeforetheNovemberelections,theoverwhelmingmajorityofourrespondentswantedtostoporrollbacktheimpactofgovernment.InanswertoanotherquestionposedbyTheDigest,79percentsaidtheywantedeithernomorethanthecurrentlevelofgovernmentservicesandtaxes,orlessgovernmentandlowertaxes.

"Itseemstomethatweinthemiddleclassbearmostoftheburden,"saysJoNellNorman,61,anurseinDyersburg,Tenn.,whooftenwondersaboutthegovernment'sjudgmentinspendinghermoney.

OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen.AndwhataboutCongress?Isitdoingagoodjob?Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?'

Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer.

However,Americansaresatisfiedwiththeirownlivesandjobs.Fouroffiverespondentswere"completely"or"somewhat"satisfied.Thefiguresheldupacrossallages-includingXers,whommanypunditshaveclaimedarepessimisticabouttheirfuture.

KeithUnderbill,22,ofFridley,Minn.,findshisjobasatelephoneoperatorforacataloguecompany"notchallenging,notdifficult"butstill"satisfyingbecauseoftheincome."Heseesitasaspringboardtobiggerthings."Ihopetostartmyownbusinesssomeday,somethinginfinance."Lookingdeeperatjobs,wefound70percentofAmericansbelievetheyareaboutwheretheyshouldbe,giventheirtalentsandeffort.Thisisanissuewhereagealwaysmakesadifference,sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied,whileyoungerworkersarestilltryingtofindtherightniche.Sureenough,Xersscored65percent,aboutfivepointsbelowaverage.

1.Thesurveyhasrevealedthatinthe40yearsthepublicfaithintheAmericangovernmenthasdroppedby(

).

2.TheU.S.governmentstatusinthepublicmindbeforetheGreatDepression

).

3.Itisclearthatthepeople'sgreatdislikeforthegovernmentisrelatedwith

).

4."Politicalfuture"inParagraph5maymean

).

5.Olderpeopleareunlikelytochangetheirjobssooftensince(

).

问题1选项

A.67percent

B.51percent

C.35percent

D.16percent

问题2选项

A.wasregardedasquitenormal

B.usedtobeverylow

C.remainedadifficultproblemforthefederalgovernment

D.remindedpeopleoftheprincipleslaiddownbyWashington

问题3选项

A.theinefficientstyleofwork

B.oftenwrongjudgments

C.therisingrateoftaxes

D.theCongress

问题4选项

A.thefutureofthewholenation

B.people'swell-beinginthefuture

C.apositionofhigherrank

D.awarenessofconsistencyinpolicies

问题5选项

A.theyneedtosupporttheirfamilies

B.nocompanieswilltakeintheaged

C.ittakestimetolearnanewtradeorprofession

D.theireffortsandtalentsarefalling

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“调查表明在40年民众对美国政府的信心下降了多少?”根据文章第二段可知现在是1995年,说明40年前是1954年。文章第一段提到有67%的人认为大政府对国家未来的威胁最大。而1954年只有16%人认为大政府有威胁(A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices),由此可知国民对政府的信心下降了51%。选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在大萧条时期前美国政府在民众的心中是怎样的?”文章第二段最后一句提到“我们又回到了大萧条时期美国人对华盛顿本能的谨慎”(We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression),说明在大萧条时期政府在民众心中的地位就低,选项B符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第六段提到89%的人认为国会会把事情搞砸(Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer),选项D符合题意。

4.词义题。文章第五段第一句提到在样本中,62%的美国人认为政客的道德和诚实度已经下降(OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen),以及比起通过好的法规,议员们花更多的时间在他们的政治前途上吗?(Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?)可知这里的政治前途指的是权利地位,选项C符合题意。

5.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到由于年龄较大的人在工作中更稳定,他们往往更满意(sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied),选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor()ineveryfamily’sbudget.

问题1选项

A.nutrition

B.expenditure

C.routine

D.provision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项nutrition表示“营养;营养学;营养品”;B选项expenditure表示“支出,花费;经费,消费额”;C选项routine表示“程序;日常工作;例行公事”;D选项provision表示“规定;条款;准备;供应品”。根据句意可知,食物在每个家庭的预算中都是主要的支出,因此B选项最符合句意。故本题正确答案为B。

6.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.(15points)

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses—fiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;Trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thesignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.(15points)

中国是有着悠久文明的国家。在世界几大古代文明中,中华文明是没有中断、延续发展于今的文明,已经有5000多年历史了。我们的祖先在几千年前创造的文字至今仍在使用。2000多年前,中国就出现了诸子百家的盛况。他们提出的很多理念,至今仍然深深影响着中国人的生活。中国人看待世界、看待社会、看待人生,有自己独特的价值体系。中国人独特而悠久的精神世界,让中国人具有强大的民族自信心,也培育了以爱国主义为核心的民族精祌。

【答案】SectionA

书既然有类别——小说、传记、诗歌——我们就应该把它们分开,从它们各自给予我们的正确的东西中汲取。然而,很少有人问书能给我们什么。最常见的情况是,我们带着模糊而分裂的思想来读书,要求小说是真实的,要求诗歌是虚假的,要求传记是奉承的,要求历史加强我们的偏见。如果我们读书时能摒弃所有这些先入之见,那将是一个极好的开始。不要对作者指手画脚,而要尽力与作者融为一体,共同创作,共同策划。你若敞开心扉,虚怀若谷,那么,书中精细入微的离意和暗示便会把你从一开头就碰上的那些像是山回水转般的句子中带出来,走到一个独特的人物面前。

SectionB

Chinahasatimehonoredcivilization.Oftheworld’sancientcivilizations,theChinesecivilizationhasspannedover5,000yearsandcontinueduninterruptedtothisday.TheChinesecharacters,inventedbyourancestorsseveralmillenniaago,arestillbeingusedtoday.Over2,000yearago,therewasaneraofgreatintellectualaccomplishmentinChina.ManyimportantideasproposedbythemstillcarryaprofoundimpactonChinesepeople’swayoflifetoday,underpinningtheuniquevaluesystemsintheChineseoutlookoftheworld,ofsociety,andoflifeitself.Andthisuniqueandtimehonoredintellectuallegacy,hasinstilledastrongsenseofnationalconfidenceintheChinesepeople,andnurturedanationalspiritwithpatriotismataverycore.

7.单选题

Itistimethatsomeonemadehim(

)oftheeffectsofhisactions.

问题1选项

A.unconscious

B.aware

C.assured

D.thoughtful

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。unconscious“无意识的;失去知觉的”;aware“意识到的;知道的”;assured“确定的;自信的”;thoughtful“体贴的”。句意:应该有人使他意识到他的行为的影响了。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Americanstodaybelieve,erroneouslythatacceptablesocialbehaviorfollowseffortlesslyfrompersonalvirtue.The(1)betweenmoralsandmannershasbecomeblurred(模糊).Allyouneedisagoodheart,mostpeople

(2)

andtherestwilltakecareofitself.Youdon'thavetowritethank-younotes.

ManyAmericansbelievethatnaturalbehaviorisbeautiful.The"natural"

(3)

tohumanrelationspresumesthattoknowanyperson

(4)

istolovehim.Thattheonlyhumanproblemisacommunicationproblem.This

(5)

thatpeoplemightbeseparatedbybasic,genuinelyirreconcilable(不可调和的)differences-philosophical,political,orreligious-andassumesthatallsuchdifferencesare

6)

misunderstandings.

Indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently(非故意的).Agentlemanopensadoorforaladybecausehismothertaughthimthatladies

(7)

suchcourtesies,butshe

(8

andspitsinhiseyebecauseliehasinsultedherwomanhood.Ayounglady

(9)

inacrowdedbustoanelderly,frailgentleman,andliegivesheradirtylookbecauseshehasinsultedhismanhood.

(10)

you,thosearejustpeopletryingtobenice;theonlyproblemisthattheyare

(11)

ondifferentsystemsofetiquette.

Curiously,ithasneverbeen

(12)

toinsultpeopleintentionally.Ifyousay,"YouarenastyandIhateyou”thepersonisapttoreply,"Oh,you'refeeling

(13)

:I’llwaituntilyoufeelbetter.”

Theideathatpeoplecanbehave"naturally"withoutresortingtoa(n)

(14)

codetacitly(心照不宣的)agreeduponbytheirsocietyisassillyastheideathattheycancommunicatebyusingalanguagewithout

(15)

acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules.

问题1选项

A.instinct

B.distinction

C.intuition

D.similarity

问题2选项

A.resume

B.perform

C.assume

D.conduct

问题3选项

A.approach

B.way

C.road

D.means

问题4选项

A.enoughwell

B.enoughgood

C.goodenough

D.wellenough

问题5选项

A.approves

B.denies

C.supports

D.disagrees

问题6选项

A.nomorethan

B.notmorethan

C.abitmorethan

D.muchmorethan

问题7选项

A.dislike

B.appreciate

C.thank

D.approve

问题8选项

A.turnsout

B.turnsup

C.turnsaround

D.looksaround

问题9选项

A.offering

B.offers

C.offered

D.offer

问题10选项

A.Mind

B.Warn

C.Beware

D.Notice

问题11选项

A.doing

B.assuming

C.trying

D.operating

问题12选项

A.harder

B.easier

C.worse

D.better

问题13选项

A.friendly

B.terrible

C.disgusting

D.hostile

问题14选项

A.natural

B.artificial

C.unnatural

D.artistic

问题15选项

A.superficially

B.profoundly

C.commonly

D.individually

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:A

第11题:D

第12题:A

第13题:B

第14题:B

第15题:C

【解析】1.考察名词词义辨析。instinct“本能”,distinction“区别”,intuition“直觉”;similarity“相似”。根据后面blur(模糊)这个词可知此处讲述的是“美德”与“礼貌”之间的“区别”已经被模糊化,因此选项B符合题意。

2.考察动词词义辨析。resume“重新开始,继续,恢复”;perform“执行;完成;表演”;assume“假定;设想”;conduct“组织,实施;表现”。Mostpeople____在此处是个插入语,空格处所在句子的大意是:你需要的只是一颗善良的新,大部分人设想,剩下的事情会自己解决。选项C符合题意。

3.考察固定搭配。way,approach,means都有“方法”的意思,但搭配不同。approachto+n./doingsth;waytodo/ofdoingsth和bymeansof均为“做某事的方法”,根据横线后是名词判断答案是A。

4.考察语法结构。考察enough的用法以及good/well的区别。good是形容词,well为副词。enough修饰形容词或副词时,应置于其后。根据前文动词know,可知空格处应该填入一个副词,因此选项D符合题意。

5.考察动词词义辨析。approve“批准;赞成;满意”;deny“否认”;support“支持”,disagree“不同意”。前面提到“人类唯一的问题是沟通问题”(theonlyhumanproblemsisacommunicationproblem),后文提到“这些差异都是误解”(allsuchdifferencesare___misunderstanding),说明导致沟通问题的原因只是因为误解,而不是哲学、政治、或者宗教这些层面的差异,所以空格处填入“否认”这个词符合题意,选项B符合。

6.考察词组辨析。nomorethan“仅仅,只是”;notmorethan“不超过,至多”;abitmore“多一点”;muchmorethan“更加,多得多”。根据前文可知“这些禅意仅仅是因为误解”,选项A符合题意。

7.考察动词词义辨析。dislike“不喜欢”;appreciate“欣赏”;thank“感谢”;approve“批准,赞成”。空格处所在句子的大意为:绅士为女士开门是因为他的母亲告诉他女士___这样的行为,根据常识,可知是“欣赏这样的行为”,选项B符合题意。

8.考察词组辨析。turnout“证明是,结果是”;turnup“出现;发生;开大”;turnaround“转身”;lookaround“四处看”,根据并列连词but可知此句与上文是转折关系,那位女士并没有欣赏他的行为,而是转身给他一个白眼,选项C符合题意。

9.考察主谓一致。根据andliegivesher…,可知空格处的谓语动词也应该是一般现在时,主语为ayounggirl,所以动词用第三人称单数,选项B符合题意。

10.考察固定搭配。mindyou是口语,意思是“请注意”。选项A符合题意。

11.考察动词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的大意是:唯一的问题是他们在不同的礼仪体系进行操作。选项D符合题意。

12.考察上下文逻辑。上一段提到indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently,此处intentionally“故意地”可知此处应是与这一句意思相反,因此选项A符合题意。

13.考察形容词词义辨析。friendly“友好地”;terrible“糟糕的”;disgusting“令人厌恶的”;hostile“怀有敌意的;敌对的”。根据前文的“nasty”“hate”可知是感觉很糟糕,所以选项B符合题意。

14.考察形容词词义辨析。natural“自然的”;artificial“人造的,人为的”;unnatural“不自然的”;artistic“艺术的”。由codetacitlyagreeduponbytheirsociety和acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules“公认的语义和语法规则”可知填artificial表示“人为的”符合文意。

15.考察副词词义辨析。superficially“表面地”;profoundly“深刻地”;commonly“一般地”;individually“个别地”。空格处所在句子的大意为:他们能使用一种不被大众接受的语义和语法规则。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

2.Atfirst,thespeakerwasreferringtotheproblemofpollutioninthecountry,buthalfwayinherspeech,shesuddenly|(

)toanothersubject.

问题1选项

A.committed

B.switched

C.favored

D.transmitted

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。committo…“致力于…”;switchto…“转换到...”;transmitto...“传送到……”;favor不与tosth.搭配使用。句意:最开始演讲者讲述的是有关该国家环境污染的问题,但她演讲到一半就突然转到别的话题上去了。根据but和anothersubject“别的话题”可知,B项符合题意。故答案选B。

10.单选题

Someone’sfutureblursandgoesblankasanticipation()nothingness.

问题1选项

A.smashesinto

B.squeezesinto

C.fadesinto

D.jamsinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项smashinto表示“猛撞在……”;B选项squeezeinto表示“挤入;硬塞进……”;C选项fadeinto表示“渐渐融入于……,逐渐变成……”;D选项jaminto表示“挤进”。根据Someone’sfutureblursandgoesblank(个人的未来变得渺茫,成为空白)可知,期望应当是逐渐变成虚无,故C项fadeinto符合语境。句意:当期望逐渐变得虚无,个人的未来也会变得渺茫,成为空白。

11.单选题

TheAmericanRevolution1775-1783,wasastrugglebywhichthethirteencoloniesthatweretobecometheUnitedStateswonindependencefromBritain.Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,differencesinlife,thought,andespeciallyeconomicinterestshadformedbetweenthecoloniesandthemothercountry.TheBritishGovernmenttriedtoregulatecolonialcommerceintheBritishinterest,andprovokedcolonialopposition.ThecolonistsconvenedtheContinentalCongressandpetitionedthekingforredressoftheirgrievances.In1774BritainrespondedwiththecoerciveIntolerableActs.FightingeruptedonApril9,1775atLexingtonandConcord.TheContinentalCongressappointedGeorgeWashingtontocommandtheContinentalArmyandonJuly4,1776.adoptedtheDeclarationofIndependence.ThecolonialvictoryintheSaratogaCampaignhelpedforgeaFrench-Americanalliance,whichbroughtvitalaidtothecolonists.Thesurrender.October1781,ofGeneralCornwallisendedthefightingandtheTreatyofParis(1783)recognizedtheU.S.asanation.

TheAmericanRevolutionwasnotarevolutioninthesenseofaradicalortotalchange.Itwasnotasuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework,suchaslateroccurredinFranceandRussia,whenbothwerealreadyindependentnations.Significantchangeswereusheredin,buttheywerenotbreathtaking.Whathappenedwasacceleratedevolutionratherthanoutrightrevolution.Duringtheconflictitselfpeoplewentonworkingandpraying,marryingandplaying.Mostofthemwerenotseriouslydisturbedbytheactualfighting,andmanyofthemoreisolatedcommunitiesscarcelyknewthatawarwason.

America'sWarofIndependenceheraldedthebirthofthreemodernnations.OnewasCanada,whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish-speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates.AnotherwasAustralia,whichbecameapenalcolonynowthatAmericawasnolongeravailableforprisonersanddebtors.Thethirdnewcomer-theUnitedStates-baseditselfsquarelyonrepublicanprinciples.

Yeteventhepoliticaloverturnwasnotsorevolutionaryasonemightsuppose.Insomestates,notablyConnecticutandRhodeIsland,thewarlargelyratifiedacolonialself-rulealreadyexisting.Britishofficials,everywhereousted,werereplacedbyahome-growngoverningclass,whichpromptlysoughtalocalsubstituteforkingandparliament.

1.TheAmericanRevolutionbrokeoutmainlyasaresultofconflictsbetweenthethirteencoloniesandBritainin(

).

2.Theword"coercive"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto(

).

3.WhichofthefollowingelementsdirectlycontributedtothevictoriousconclusionoftheAmericanRevolution?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheloyalistswhoescapedtoCanadawere(

). 

5.Whatwilltheparagraphfollowingthepassagemostprobablydiscuss?

问题1选项

A.ideologicaltrends

B.lifestyles

C.culturaldifferences

D.economicinterests

问题2选项

A.compellingbyforce

B.compensatingtheloss

C.comingtotermsbynegotiation

D.reconcilingbyacompromise

问题3选项

A.TheLexingtonCampaign.

B.TheContinentalCongress.

C.TheDeclarationofIndependence.

D.TheFrenchAmericanalliance.

问题4选项

A.Russian

B.French

C.British

D.Australian

问题5选项

A.ThetransportofprisonerstoAustralia.

B.Thecreationofnewstategovernments.

C.EventsleadinguptotheAmericanRevolution.

D.HowCanadaandtheUnitedStatesbecamefriends.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句提到到了18世纪中叶,殖民地和母国之间在生活、思想,尤其是经济利益方面形成了差异(Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,differencesinlife,thought,andespeciallyeconomicinterestshadformedbetweenthecoloniesandthemothercountry),由此可知,殖民地与母国发生冲突最大的原因是因为经济利益。选项D符合题意。

2.词义题。根据FightingeruptedonApril9,1775atLexingtonConcord,战争爆发是由于母国的武力强制,因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到萨拉托大捷帮助建立了法美联盟,为殖民地人民带来了至关重要的援助(ThecolonialvictoryintheSaratogaCampaignhelpedforgeaFrench-Americanalliance,whichbroughtvitalaidtothecolonists),因此选项D符合题意。

4.推理判断题。文章第三段提到加拿大的第一大批讲英语的流入人口来自于成千上万英王的效忠者,这些人从美国逃到了加拿大(OnewasCanada,whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish-speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates),可知这些逃到加拿大的人是英国王室的效忠者,所以选项C符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“接下来的一段最可能讨论什么问题?”最后讲述了政治的颠覆并不像人们想象的那样具有革命性。以一些州为例,战争在很大程度上认可了已经存在的殖民自治,英国官员被地方统治阶级代替。选项B“新的州政府的建立”与最后一段关系密切,符合题意。

12.单选题

Directions:Thereare15blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthistimedevotedmuchattentiontosuchmatters(1)naturalbeauty,thesublime,andrepresentation—atrendreflectingthecentralpositiontheyhadgiventothephilosophyofnature.(2)thattime,however,thephilosophyofarthasbecomeevermoreprominentandhasbegunto(3)thephilosophyofnature.Variousissuescentraltothephilosophyofarthavehada(4)impact(5)theorientationof20th-centuryaesthetics.

(6)amongtheseareproblemsrelatingtothetheoryofartasformand(7)distinctionbetweenrepresentationandexpression.Stillanotherfar-reachingquestionhastodowiththevalueofart.Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions(8)onthisissue:oneholdsthatartanditsappreciationareameanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,(9)theothermaintainsthatartisintrinsicallyvaluableandisanendinitself.Underlyingthiswholeissueistheconceptoftaste,oneofthebasicconcernsofaesthetics.Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.Correspondingtothetrendincontemporaryaestheticthought,(10)havefollowedeitheroftwoapproaches.Inone,criticismisrestrictedtotheanalysisandinterpretationoftheworkofart.(11)itisdevotedtothearticulatingtheresponsetotheaestheticobjectandto(12)aparticularwayofperceivingit.

Overtheyears,aestheticshasdevelopedintoabroadfieldofknowledgeandinquiry.Theconcernsofcontemporaryaestheticsincludesuch(13)problemsasthenatureofstyleanditsaestheticsignificance;therelationofaestheticjudgmenttoculture;theviabilityofahistoryofart;the(14)ofFreudianpsychologyandotherformsofpsychologicalstudytocriticism;andtheplaceofaestheticjudgmentinpractical(15)intheconductofeverydayaffairs.

问题1选项

A.for

B.as

C.to

D.with

问题2选项

A.Since

B.For

C.As

D.In

问题3选项

A.plant

B.supplant

C.transplant

D.replant

问题4选项

A.marking

B.remarking

C.marked

D.remarked

问题5选项

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

问题6选项

A.Foreboding

B.Foremost

C.Forethoughtful

D.Foregone

问题7选项

A.at

B.for

C.to

D.on

问题8选项

A.havebrought

B.havebeenbrought

C.havetaken

D.havebeentaken

问题9选项

A.whereas

B.wherein

C.whereon

D.wherefore

问题10选项

A.artists

B.writers

C.critics

D.analysts

问题11选项

A.Intheothermanner

B.Intheotherway

C.Inanother

D.Intheother

问题12选项

A.justify

B.justified

C.justifying

D.havingjustified

问题13选项

A.diverse

B.divided

C.divine

D.dividual

问题14选项

A.reliance

B.reliability

C.relief

D.relevancy

问题15选项

A.reason

B.reasonableness

C.reasoning

D.reasonability

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:D

第9题:A

第10题:C

第11题:D

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:D

第15题:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根据原文句意:这一时期的西方哲学家和批评家们把大量的注意力放在了诸如自然美、崇高和表现等问题上。suchas意为“诸如,比如”。选项B符合句意。

2.考查介词辨析。根据句意:然而,从那时起,艺术哲学变得更加突出...。since意为“自...以后”符合语境,所以选项A正确。

3.形近词辨析题。A选项plant“种植,栽培”;B选项supplant“代替,排挤掉”;C选项transplant“移植”;D选项replant“移居”。由关键词“and”前面的内容可知,后面应该是指4.艺术哲学取代自然哲学。选项B正确。

5.形近词辨析题。A选项marking“标记的”;B选项remarking“评论”;C选项marked“显著的”;D选项remarked“评论,察觉”。句意:艺术哲学的各种核心问题对20世纪的美学方向产生了显著的影响。选项C符合原文句意。

6.考查固定搭配。haveanimp

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