初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

初中英语被动语态讲解与练习初中英语被动语态讲解与练习初中英语被动语态讲解与练习V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考初中英语被动语态讲解与练习日期：20xx年X月被动语态语法专项讲解与训练(一)语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 Tom(执)cleans(谓动)theroom(承)everyday. (主动)Theroom(承)iscleaned(谓动)byTom(执)everyday. (被动)被动语态结构：助动词be+动词的过去分词done，即bedone，常译为“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动关系。(二)被动语态的用法(1)动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用by短语。Wordprocessingskillsaretaughtinourcomputerlessons.(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.(3)突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。(三)被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词be的各种时态变化来体现，done不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。以do为例，掌握下列时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：1．一般现在时：am/is/are+done2．一般过去时：was/were+done3．一般将来时：shall/will+bedoneam/is/aregoingtobedone4．现在完成时：have/has+been+done5．情态动词：can/may/must/should/havetobedone以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done过去进行时：was/were+being+done过去完成时：had+been+done过去将来时：should/would+bedone(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.执行者动词承受者→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.承受者谓语by+执行者1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。练习：1.一般现在时：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.___________________________inthesouthofthecountry.2.一般过去时：NancyJacksondesignedtheCD-ROM.TheCD-ROM___________________________NancyJackson.3.一般将来时：Theywillholdthecharityshowintheschoolhall.Thecharityshow___________________________intheschoolhall.4.现在完成时：Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbook___________________________here.5．含有情态动词的被动语态：Youmusthandinyourhomeworkafterclass.Yourhomework____________________________________afterclass.(五)语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可说： Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1.下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如： bring,give,lend,offer,pass,show,teach,tell等。 (1)Thebookwasshowntotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：buy,cook,get,keep,make,order,play,sing等。 (1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：动词+介词，如:laughat,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,workon等。动词+副词，如:sellout,findout,giveup,handin,workout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turnon,wakeup等。ThemostdifficultproblemwasworkedoutbyTom.Thesongisoftenlistenedtobygirls.4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.(keepsth.clean)→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(sthbekeptclean)(2)Shetoldusnottostayuplate.(tellsbnottodo…)→Weweretoldnottostayuplate.(sb.betoldnottodo…)注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.记住下列变化：seesbdo… beseentodohearsbdo…. beheardtodolistentosbdo belistenedtotodomakesbdo… bemadetodo5.有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如： (1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。(2)Thenewcomputersellswell.这新产品很畅销。 (3)Theprinterprintsquickly.这个打印机打印很快。对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)6.只有动宾结构才有被动语态。下列情况的主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官连系动词无被动意义，如：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,smell等。 (1)—Doyoulikethematerial—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,comeout,cometrue等。如： Theaccidenttookplacelastnight.误：Theaccidentwastakenplacelastnight..第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,lie等。 Thesunhasalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhasalreadybeenrisen.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如： ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.7.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说……Itissaidthat…据报导……Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.众所周知……ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.8.注意区别系表结构（be+adj.）和被动语态。Hisglassesarebroken.(系表)Hisglasseswerebrokenbythecat.(被动)Thedoorisclosed.(系表) ThedoorwasclosedbyTom.(被动)Heissurprised.(系表) Hewassurprisedbythesnake.(被动)被动语态专项练习（一）一、用动词的正确语态填空。English_________(speak)themostwidelyintheworld.APianoconcert_____________(give)herelastFriday.Thetown___________(call)Rugao.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.What_____aknife______(make)ofIt___________(make)ofmetalandwood.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.Theroom_____________(clean)byMumalready.Youdon’tneedtocleanit.Thesportsmeeting________________(hold)inaweek.Heishappythathisdream_______________(come)true.Thecinema_______________(build)in1985.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.______themagazine____________(cantake)outofthelibrary三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。

（1×30=30分）teagrowninSouthChina（改为主动语态）_______people_________teainSouthChinaamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear．（同义句转换）Abirthdaypresent_______

_______

_______

_______bymyparentseveryyear．workisgoingtobefinished

intwodays.

(对划线提问)How_______

_______theworkgoingtobefinished

4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)

AnEnglishsong______

______

_______bythechildren.

5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)

It______

________

________byyounow.

6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)

Metal________

_________

_______makingmachines.

7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)

I______

________

________

______thatforhim.

arewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch_______

_______

_______

bythem.theybuildabridgehereayearago(改为被动语态)

__________abridge____________herebythemayearago？

havesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改为被动语态)

Thelightgreendresses________

_________

___________out.

callthegame“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)Thegame_______

________“Lianliankan”byus.二.选择题()anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear？

;built;bulit;build;build

()accident____onthisroadlastweek.

beenhappenedhappenedhappened

()____inthesoutheastofChina.growngrown

()far,themoon____bymanalready.visitedbevisitedbeenvisitedvisited

()talkonChinesehistory_____inthschoolhallnextweek.

givenbeengivenbegiven

()manytrees____thisyearplantedplantbeenplanted

()lotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

doingbeingdonebeendonebedone

()ofthem______inChina.mademademade

()!Anicepicture____forourteacher.drawingbeingdrawnbeendrawn

()shoes____.Youneedanewpair.outoutwornoutworn

()doctor_____foryet.'tsent'tbeensent'tbesent'tsent

()___thiskindofcomputers______--Lastyear.

;use;used;used;used

()GreatWall____allovertheworld.knownknown

()____insummer.bornbeenbornborn

()saysthatMrZhang_____tothefactorynextweek.

sentsendsentbesent

()_____thisbook_____;written;writtenby;written;written

()____showmehernewaskedtoaskedtoaskedto

()story_____byGrannyyesterday.toldustoldtoustoldusus

()monkeywasseen_____offthetree.jump

()schoolbag___behindthechair.beputbeputtedput()people____well.afterbelookedafterlookafterafter()teacher______carefully.belistenedtobelistenlistenedlistened被动语态专项练习（二）一、把下列句子改写成被动语态makemachinesinthatfactory.__________________________________bodylikesthissong.__________________________________doesn'tshowthestampstome.__________________________________don'tgrowriceinthewestofoftenhelpsTomwhenTomisintheworkersbuildmanybuildings__________________________________Katesometimesbreakglasses__________________________________youalwayssendalettertoMrHu__________________________________doestheteacheroftentelltheboystodo_________________________manydesksdotheybuyeveryterm__________________________________soldthatkindofshoesinthisshoplasttoldusastorylastnight.__________________________________二.选择题:()1.Greatchanges______inChina.A.arehappened

B.washappenedC.hashappened

D.havehappened()3.TheGreatWall______allovertheworld. A.knows B.knew C.isknown D.wasknown()4.Who______thisbook______ A.did;written B.was;writtenby C.did;written D.was;written()5.Astory______byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldus B.wastoldtous C.istoldus D.toldus()monkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.tojump()7.Theschoolbag______behindthechair.A.puts B.canbeput C.beput D.canput()8.Olderpeople______well.A.looksafter B.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafter D.lookedafter()9.Doyouknowwhat____A.itcalls B.doesitcall