金属热物性参数

表1各种金属的热物性值导热系数3金属温度C比热cal/(cm·s·密度(g/cm)液相cal/(g·C)C)线、固相线温度(C)250.1070.192=7.88(20C)2000.1240.152=7.3(1500C)4000.1450.120=7.0(1600C)纯铁7690.3580.0748000.2300.07110000.1480.07015000.1800.03200.1120.142=7.86(15C)镇静钢2000.1240.1284000.1420.107(C0.08%)8000.2300.06812000.1580.07100.1120.124=7.86(15C)软钢2000.1240.1164000.1420.102(C0.23%)8000.2280.06212000.1580.071250.1110.103碳素结构钢2000.1250.095(S35C)4000.1340.0798000.2850.07800.1120.124=7.85(15C)中碳钢2000.1220.1154000.1400.100(C0.4%)8000.1480.05912000.1560.07100.1080.119=7.85(15C)共析钢2000.1280.1084000.1440.091(C0.8%)8000.1460.05812000.1600.07200.1080.103=7.83(15C)工具钢2000.1300.1024000.1420.089(C1.2%)8000.1560.05712000.1560.068续表1各种金属的热物性值导热系数3金属温度C比热cal/(cm·s·密度(g/cm)液相cal/(g·C)C)线、固相线温度(C)00.1200.060=7.73(15C)2000.1260.072Ts=1488Si2%钢4000.1440.074LT=14978000.3260.06012000.1600.070200.1140.106=7.84(15C)2000.1240.092ST=1420Cr1%钢4000.1420.062TL=15208000.2060.07212000.146200.1140.053=7.7(15C)不锈钢2000.1190.05513.1Cr,0.5Ni4000.1460.058S(AISI420)T=13998000.2140.064TL=145412000.1360.06900.1180.03518~20Cr,8~12Ni不锈钢2000.1280.043TS=13994000.1360.050TL=1454(AISI304)8000.1540.06312000.1600.07620（0.128）0.154=7.0(15C)过共晶200（0.134）0.124比热相对于400（0.140）0.094普通铸铁灰口铸铁800（0.168）0.071900（0.173）0.053200.1862000.141共晶灰口铸铁4000.1048000.07012000.036200.1190.101=7.1(15C)2000.087球墨铸铁4000.0728000.05110000.041比热导热系数密度(g/cm3)液相金属温度Ccal/(g·C)cal/(cm·s·线、固相线温度(C)C)200.045=7.5~7.8(15C)2000.051白口铸铁4000.0538000.04712000.048纯铜200.0920.956=8.922000.0930.931T=T=1083SL6000.1060.87410000.1150.8031200Cu90%~Al10%200.1050.122TS=10302000.1110.156T=1042L6000.1240.23310000.1360.310Cu70%~Zn30%200.0940.267TS=9152000.1000.349TL=9556000.1130.3599000.1230.367Cu60%~Zn40%200.0920.302T=900S2000.0970.346TL=9056000.1080.3619000.1160.334Cu70%~Ni30%200.0930.069T=1170S2000.1010.088TL=12406000.1120.13010000.1230.172Cu60%~Ni40%200.1010.056TS=12272000.1050.074T=1280L6000.1150.11310000.1250.15212000.1300.172纯铝200.2150.565s=2.70(15C)2000.2350.570TS=TM=660.25000.2680.5296600.2860.508Al-Cu4.5%200.2100.449TS=5022000.2290.449T=638L5000.2610.461比热导热系数密度(g/cm3)液相金属温度Ccal/(g·C)cal/(cm·s·线、固相线温度(C)Al~Mg8%200.218C)T=5400.199S2000.2380.286TL=6254000.2600.3825000.2710.431200.2460.373s=1.74纯镁2000.2630.362TL=TS=6514000.2880.3536500.3250.346Mg94.7~Zn4.6200.2420.261TS=549~Zr0.72000.2640.296T=641L(相当于MC6)4000.3030.3195490.3410.324Mg90.2~Al9200.2350.051T=468S~Zn0.6~Mn0.22000.2610.056TL=616(相当于MC2)4000.2910.0624680.3000.063Inconel200.1030.028s=6.09X(73Ni,15Cr,72000.1150.035T=1395Fe,2.5Ti,1Nb)6000.1330.052ST=1427L10000.1970.069耐盐酸镍基合6000.1260.046T=1270S金C10000.1530.070T=1305L12000.1670.074表2铸型的热物性计算公式No视在物性值计算公式备注浇注合金：铸铁1硅砂干型，呋喃铸型浇注合金：铸铝2硅砂干砂，呋喃铸型浇注合金：铸钢3硅砂干型浇注合金：铸钢4硅砂呋喃铸型5硅砂6橄榄石砂7锆砂8铬砂硅砂，干型，呋喃铸型600C以下90.385<<0.4940.0058<DP<0.03790.03<W<0.07硅砂，干型c由No9的公式求得浇注合金：铸钢10硅砂，呋喃铸型浇注合金：铸钢硅砂，膨润土7%，水分4%11=1.5212

硅砂=1.73橄榄石砂，13膨润土5.9%，水分3.3%=1.83铬砂14膨润土3.9%,水分2.1%=2.78锆砂，膨润土3.8%,水分2.115=2.78表3流动临界固相率合金临界固相率文献备考Al-Si2.4%0.6680考虑了浓化后决定固相Si6.2%0.784率Al-Si3%Al-Cu5.5%85根据浓度实测值和杠杆Al-Mg13.8%定律算出固相率Al-Cu4.5%0.85~0.8786用谢依尔公式算出固相率ACB0.5(金属型)87用谢依尔公式算出固相2Al-Si9%-Cu4%0.3(砂型)89率Fe-C0.65%铜0.6980球墨铸铁0.7588没有说明数据的明确依据Al-4.5%Cu0.84(自由凝固)根据实测，Vc=0.032C/sCu-8%Sn0.8根据固相率与流过细管Cu-8%Sn-0.5%0.75(自由凝道的液体量测出,冷速Si固)Vc=0.03C/sCu-8%Sn-2%Fe0.8Cu-8%Sn0.43~0.44根据固相率与流过细管(金属型，型温道的液体量测出373C)铸钢0.65未说明依据铸钢，不锈钢0.70未说明依据表4部分砂型热物性数据表型砂组成(cal/s.cm.C(cal/g3)说明×2C)10C)(g/cm石英砂0.0550.1261.6585~15C0.1390.3101.700900C，粒度50/100“干砂”0.0780.1911.500未表明者为常温，下同“湿砂”0.2710.5031.650石英砂0.112~0.3630.191~0.1.776281石黄砂0.067~0.0821.580~1.700英石0.096~0.3360.168~0.1.7300~1300C砂英0.12~0.4562881.6340~1300C砂0.072~0.360.168~0.1.4580~1300C0.0622881.602干燥砂，16.5C0.3620.168~0.1.678含水4.9%，18.9C0.141~0.1812881.4600~1100，T锆锆 砂砂铬铁铬铁矿砂矿砂石英砂+5%水玻璃水 铬铁矿砂玻+水玻璃璃铬镁矿砂+水玻砂璃石英砂+树脂

1.940.1840.181~0.2810.191~0.2510.120~0.2.8300~1100，T0.223~0.3912102.8000~900C0.130~0.2020.125~0.2930.151~0.2.6000~900C2300.6142.583铁浇注法，界面平均1143C0.1390.1650.203钢浇注法0.243钢浇注法0.139钢浇注法石英砂+5%酚醛0.142~0.20228~450C树脂石英砂+3%~7%呋0.161~0.1371.48025~550C喃树脂0.202~0.181.63025~550C石英砂+2%呋喃0.1220.231.480铝浇注法，666C树脂石英砂+1.5%呋0.1870.251.440铁浇注法，1155C喃树脂0.1920.26.440钢浇注法，1155C0.2420.261.550钢浇注法，1155C石英砂+1.5%树0.26200.261.630钢浇注法，1155C脂0.18~0.230.18~0.21.440钢浇注法6铬铁矿砂+1%树0.161~0.2.900钢浇注法脂21铬砂+树脂铬砂+1%呋喃树0.23~0.2620.13~0.12.880钢浇注法脂7常温~1490C树石英砂+6%0.231.450铝浇注法，界面平脂水0.231.570均660C砂玻0.2521.390铝浇注法，界面平璃0.2521.610均660C1.610铁浇注法，界面平均1155C铁浇注法，界面平均1155C钢浇注法，界面平均1490C表5 典型金属材料的常温密度材质密度材质密度材质密度(g/cm3)(g/cm3)(g/cm3)钢7.80灰口铸铁7.25铝合金2.60碳素钢7.90(中碳，铁7.27铝硅合金2.80不锈钢8.20~8.80素体基体)硬铝2.71高速钢可锻铸铁ADC10铸铁8.80铜合金8.50锌合金6.60灰口铸铁7.107-3黄铜8.40ZDC2(高碳，铁6-4黄铜8.30镁合金1.80素体基体)高强度黄球墨铸铁铜表6典型液体金属的物性值低合金铸普通铸铁纯铝纯铜纯镁物性值钢(1400C)(700C)(700C)(1100C)①(1600)①①①①液相线温度1400~15301123~11306601083851(C)密度(g/cm3)6.80~7.006.50~6.902.351.901.58比热0.150.220.260.120.29导热系数40(纯铁)--10017080凝固潜热251~268209~268394204230(J.g-1)凝固收缩率3~4-0.8~0.56.54.24.2(%)表面张力()17009209001300560粘度(mPa.s)65~81.1~241.2热辐射系数0.3~0.450.3~0.450.120.1--(全辐射系(全辐射系(相对(相对数)数)0.65m0.66m的波的波长)长)①表示所给物性值的温度条件。表7其它物质的热物性值比热导热系数3物质名温度(C)cal.g-1.cal.cm-1s-1C-密度(g/cm)C-11粘度(Pa.s),其它干燥空200.246.2×10-5=1.0,10.103气200.257.6×10-5=0.89,=0.8氮203.394.2×10-4=0.8~1.5氢201.01.4×10-3=0.58水200.453.6×10-4=1.9~2.3汽缸油200.15~0.1.45×10-3=0.2石膏10024.5×10-4=2.2石棉200.195(2~3)×10-3=0.42混凝土200.219.6×10-5=1.7玻璃纤200.164.1×10-3=3.7维230.172.6×10-4=2.53砂岩5000.072-3CaO35%--SiO45%--AlO23×10223杉树条5000.236×10-30%硅砖10000.14(1.4~8.8)×CaO50%--SiO35%--AlO1223锆砖1000~1500.310-35%镁砖00.2631.7×10-3渣1000~1500.411.2×10-3渣0表8铸型内的传热系数比热流量q传热系数12No.时间cal/(cm2.h=q/(T-T)备注cal/(cm2.s.C)(s)s)136.10.014C0.035%钢046.00.034T1=TC(铸片)46.00.0312MT=T(结晶器)529.00.019铸造速度=1.08m/min27.00.017弯曲型扁板连铸机1020300.035C0.12~0.16%钢连铸150.031T1=TC(铸片)0.024T=T(冷却水)2W200.019铸造速度=0.8m/min0.014300.01420.0184050607022.80.016同上033.70.022铸造速度=2.03m/min31.60.021524.70.01618.60.0121015.30.010315203040.021铸铁卧式连铸机0.085石墨铸型203mm0.011同上，305mm0.09150.04~0.06铝连续铸造0.006~0.012400.0075Fe-V2.85%3000.0067铜铸型(仅单面)66000.0050真空中13000.003518000.002600.023碳素钢600.020表面氧化铸铁铸型1200.01870.0162403600.0146000.01281.9~2.2Al合金，压铸90.03铝硅合金液体金属流动时(金属型)100.01~0.02Al合金，金属型，低压铸造110.3~0.4Al,金属型铸造0.04~0.07(涂料50~200m)120.11~0.17铜连续铸造0.004~0.007130.2~0.4铜合金0.06(金属型)0.08铸钢/砂型0.056(难以产生空隙时)140.0240.0140.0143000.022同上4200.014(容易产生空隙时)6000.01115120018000.00840.0055表9 合金的密度、潜热合金s(20C)s(Ts)L(kg/m3)(kg/m3)(kJ/kg)1%Cr钢7840--2771.5%Mn钢7850--2772%Si钢7730--333奥氏体不锈钢77007000294铁素体不锈钢8000--3040.08%C钢780070300.23%C钢786070300.80%C钢785069901.20%C钢78306900白口铸铁7650(7000)灰口铸铁7100(6650)Al-4.5