主动语态与被动语态及专项练习

主动语态与被动语态主动语态：主语是动作的执行者或发出者。ShelikesEnglish.被动语态：主语是动作的承受着或涉及到的对象。Englishisliked（byher）.被动语态的构成：be+v-ed写出各种时态的被动语态形式：被动语态时态构成主动语态（以teach为例）被动语态（以teach为例）般现在时be(am/is/are)+v-edteachteaches现在进行时be(am/is/are)be+v-edbe(am/is/are)teaching过去进行时be(was/were)be+v-edbe(was/were)teaching般过去时be(was/were)+v-edtaught般将来时be(am/is/are)goingtobe+v-edbe(am/is/are)goingtoteach般将来时Willbe+v-edwillteach现在完成时have/hasbeen+v-edhave/hastaught过去完成时hadbeen+v-edhadtaught含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/needbe+v-edcan/may/must/needteach三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：不及物动词无被动语态。Whatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。Thispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时，须加上to。makesb.dosth.sb.+be+madetodosth.seesb.dosth.sb+be+seentodosth.例:Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.TThelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。例:Hegavemeabook.TAbookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.TAticketwasshowntomebyhim.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecan'tlaughathim.THecan'tbelaughedatbyus.专项练习：将下面句子改为被动语态Everybodylikeshim.Hebrokethecup.HeInsweredmethatquestion.Hewrote|heraletter.Shemadehimanewcoat.Hegavehersomemoney.Heboughtherawatch.将下面句子改为主动语态Englishistaughtinourschool.Wearetakengoodcareofatschool.Hewastakentothepolicestation.Thehousewasbuilttenyearsago.Anewbuildingwillbebuiltheresoon.Themeetingwillbeheldattwothisafternoon.Alltheworkhasbeendonenow.Havethelettersbeenposted?Hesaidtheworkhadbeenfinished.Mywatchisbeingrepairedbyhim.Theplanisnowbeingdiscussed.Hesaidthatthemanwasbeingoperatedon.Hetoldmethatanewstationwasbeingbuilt.Hesaidthatthemeetingwouldbeheldnextweek.Thisbustbeknownbyeveryone.Thiscan'tbedoneinashorttime.主动语态与被动语态相互转换（没空一次，含缩写）wecallmathstheIanguageofscienee.Wheredidtheyplantthetrees?Youcanborrowtwobooksatatime.Theteachermadethestudentcopythetext.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Theybuiltabridgebetweenthetwoislandslastyear.Abirthdaypartywillbegiventomorrow.Johnwasseentocrossthestreet