2023年职称英语考试理工类B级考试真题

2023年职称英语考试理工类B级考试真题LongerLivesforWildElephants(B级)Mostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimals,wherestragglessuchasdifficultyfindingfoodandavoidingpredatorsdon'texist.Withoutsuchproblems,animalsinzoosshouldlivetoaripeoldage1.Butthatmaynotbetruefor2thelargestlandanimalsonEarth.Scientistshaveknownthatelephantsinzoosoftensufferfrompoorhealth.Theydevelopdiseases.jointproblemsandbehaviorchanges.Sometimes,theyevenbecomeinfertile,orunabletohavebabies.Tolearnmoreabouthowcaptivityaffectselephants,ateamofinternationalscientistscomparedthelifespansoffemaleelephantsborninzooswithfemaleelephantslivingoutdoorsintheirnativelands.Zooskeepdetailedrecordsofalltheanimalsintheircare,documentingfactorssuchasbirthdates,illnesses,weightanddeath.Theserecordsmadeitpossiblefortheresearcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephantsinzoosacrossEurope.Thescientistscomparedthelifespansofthezoo-bornelephantswiththelifespansofthousandsoffemalewildelephantsinAfricaandAsianelephantsthatworkinloggingcamps3,overapproximatelythesametimeperiod.TheteamfoundthatfemaleAfricanelephantsborninzooslivedanaverageof16.9years.Theirwildcounterpartswhodiedofnaturalcauseslivedanaverageof56years—morethanthreetimesaslong.FemaleAsianelephantsfollowedasimilarpattern.Inzoos,theylived18.9years,whilethoseintheloggingcampslived41.7years.Scientistsdon'tyetknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raisedcounterparts.GeorgiaMason,abiologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawholedthestudy,thinksstressandobesitymaybetoblame4.Zooelephantsdon'tgetthesamekindofexercisetheywouldinthewild,andmostareveryfat.Elephantsociallivesarealsomuchdifferentinzoosthaninthewild.wheretheyliveinlargeherdsandfamilygroups.AnotherfindingfromthestudyshowedthatAsianelephantsborninzoosweremorelikelytodieearlythanAsianelephantscapturedinthewildandbroughttozoos.Masonsuggestsstressinthemothersinzoosmightcausethemtohavebabiesthatarelesslikelytosurvive.Thestudyraisessomequestionsaboutacquiringmoreelephantstokeepinzoos.Whilesomethreatenedandendangeredspecieslivinginzoosreproducesuccessfullyandmaintainhealthypopulations,thatdoesn'tappeartobethecasewithelephants."Currently,zoosarenetconsumersofelephants,notnetproducers."Masonsays.1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,unlikeotherzooanimals,zooelephants根据前面2段，和其它动物不同，动物园的大象_____________A.havedifficultyeatingfood.吃东西有困难。B.livetoaripeoldage.能过活到高龄。C.arenotafraidofpredators.不害怕食肉捕食者。D.develophealthproblems.面临一些健康问题。(正确答案)2.Whichofthefollowingabouttheinternationalscientists'researchonthelifespansofelephantsisNOTtrue?(Seeparagraph3)?国际科学家对于大象的生命周期的研究，______________是不对的?A.Theycomparedzooelephantswithwildelephants.他们把动物园的大象和野生大象作比拟。B.Theykeptdetailedrecordsofalltheelephantsintheircare.他们保存了饲养大象的详细记录。(正确答案)C.Theyanalyzedtherecordsoftheelephantskeptinzoos.他们分析动物园里的大象的生活记录。D.Thezoo-bornelephantstheystudiedarekeptinEuropeanzoos.他们研究的动物园出生的大象在欧洲动物园饲养。3.Whatdothescientistfindintheirresearch?科学家们在他们的研究中发现了______________。A.Femaleelephantslivelongerthanmaleelephants.雌象比雄象活得更长。B.Femalezooelephantslivelongerthantheirwildcounterparts.动物园雌象比野生的活得更长。C.Femalezooelephantsdiemuchearlierthantheirwildcounterparts.动物园雌象比起它们的野生的同伴来说要死得早。(正确答案)D.Elephantsinzoosandthoseinthewildenjoythesamelonglifespans.动物园大象和野生大象有一样的寿命。4.WhatarethepossiblecausesofstressandobesityZoo-raisedelephantsgenerallysufferfrom?动物园中饲养的大象遭受压力和肥胖的可能的原因是______________。A.Theydonotlikelivinginherds.它们不喜欢在畜群中生活。B.Theydonotgetenoughexercise.它们没有得到充分的锻炼。C.Theydonotlivewiththeirfamilies.它们没有和它们的家人一起生活。D.BothBandC.B和C都对。(正确答案)5.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?在最后一段，作者暗示了______________。A.Itmaynotbeawisepolicytokeepelephantsinthezoo.把动物养在动物园里是不明智的做法。(正确答案)B.Elephantsarenolongeranendangeredspecies.大象不再是濒临灭绝的物种。C.Zoo-bornelephantsshouldbelookedaftermorecarefully.照顾动物园里出生的大象应该更仔细。D.Zoosshouldkeepmoreanimalsexceptelephants.除了大象，动物园里应该饲养其他更多的动物。6.Doscientistsknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raisedcounterparts.?科学家是否清楚野生大象比动物园大象更好的原因?A.uncertain不确定(正确答案)B.positive明确的、肯定的C.clear清楚的D.biased片面的SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinteens(B级)Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto“self-medicate〞againsttheblues,scientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactually__1_depressivesymptomsinsometeens.“Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceived_2__benefitsofsmokingamongteens,〞saysleadresearcherMichaelChaiton,aresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto.“_3__cigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicatingeffectsorto_4___mood,inthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms.〞Aspartofthestudy,some662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnairesabouttheiruseofcigarettesto_5___mood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipants,urbanandruralschools,andschools_6__inhigh,moderateandlowsocioeconomicneighborhoods.Participantswere_7___threegroups:neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicate,improvemoodorphysical_8__;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowoftenparticipantsfelttootiredtodothings;had_9__goingtosleeporstayingasleep;feltunhappy,sad,ordepressed;felt_10___aboutthefuture;feltvexed,antsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings.“Smokerswho_11___cigarettesasmoodimprovershadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked,〞saysco-researcherJenniferO’Loughlin,aprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine.“Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof_12__depressivesymptoms.〞The_13__betweendepressionandsmokingexitsprincipallyamongteensthatusecigarettesto_14___.“It’s_15__toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingafte