大学英语第二册 Unit09 课件

HolidaysandSpecialDaysListentoapassageandcompletethefollowingclues.

“TheOriginofSantaClaus”NewWords:wintersolstice冬至Jesus耶稣feastday宗教节日bishop 主教costume化装服reindeer驯鹿1.ThecustomofgivingpresentsduringChristmasgoesbackto_________________.2.In________,thewisemenbroughtgiftstoJesuson___________afterhisbirth.3.InsomecountriesofEurope,thegiftsaresupposedtobebroughtinbySaintNicholas,abishopwhowasregardedas_______________________.WhentheDutchcametoNewYork,theybrought________________________________.5.InAmericathedateof_________________wasmovedtoChristmaseve.theancientRomanstheBiblethe12thdayaspecialfriendofthechildrenthetraditionsofSaintNicholaswiththemSantaClaus’sarrivalHolidays

LongbeforeChristwasborn,peopleusedtocelebratethewintersolsticeasthebirthdayofthesun.ThistimeoftheyearwasaholidayinmanypartsoftheworldbeforeitbecametheChristmascelebration.ThecustomofgivingpresentsduringChristmasgoesbacktotheancientRomans.IntheBible,thewisemenbroughtgiftstoJesusonthe12thdayafterhisbirth.Andsoinsomecountries,thechildrenreceivetheirpresentsnotonChristmas,but12dayslater.InsomeofthenortherncountriesofEurope,thegiftsareexchangedalmostthreeweeksbeforeChristmas.

ThereasonforthisisthatthegiftsaresupposedtobebroughtinbySaintNicholasontheeveofhisfeastday,Decemberthe6th.SaintNicholaswasabishopofthe4thcenturywhocametoberegardedasaspecialfriendofthechildren.SoinvariouscountriesaroundtheworldSaintNicholasreturnseveryyearwithgiftsforgoodchildren.WhentheDutchcametoNewYork,theybroughtthetraditionsofSaintNicholaswiththem.Theycalledhim“SanNicholas.”Andthissoonwaschangedto“SanktKlaus”,andthenSantaClaus.ButinAmericathedateofSantaClaus’sarrivalwasmovedtoChristmaseve.Andgraduallyhisredcostume,thereindeer,andhishomeattheNorthPolebecamepartofthetradition.WhyDoWeCelebratetheNewYear?Oneoftheoldest________ofmankindisthecelebrationofthenewyear.SomepeoplesaytheChinesewerethefirsttostartit,othersbelieveitwasthe________Germans,andstillothers______itwastheRomans.TheChinesenewyear_______lastsseveraldays.TheancientGermansestablishedanewyearfestivalbecauseofthe__________________.TheGermanwinterbeganaboutthemiddleofNovember.Thiswasthetimewhentheygatheredthe________,becauseeverybodycametogetheratthistimeforthehappy________,customsancientclaimfestivalchangingseasonsharvestoccasionandbecauseitmeanttheywouldhaveaperiodof_____fromworkafterwards.Theywouldmake______andhaveagreatholiday.Eventhoughitwas_________,theyconsidereditthebeginningofthenewyear!WhentheRomans__________Europe,theychangedthistimeof___________tothefirstofJanuary.Fromthenthecomingofthenewyearwasa_______ofanewlifewithnew_____forthefuture.Thiscustomandthis________haslastedtothisday.Wecelebratethenewyearhopingitwill_____________________!restmerryNovemberconqueredcelebrationsymbolhopemeaningbringusagoodlifeWhatwouldyousaytoyourfatheronFather’sDay?Directions:Watchtheflashandpayattentiontowhatthelittlegirlsaytoherfather.ThinkaboutwhatyouwouldsaytoyourfatheronFather’sDay.Putyourwordsinalettertoyourdad,thenshareyourletterwiththeclass.Father’sDayRole-play

Workwithyourpartnerstomakeaconversationinthefollowingsituations:1.YouringyourfriendLisaonChristmasEve.2.Youandyourgirlfriend/boyfriendcelebrateValentine’sDay.3.YouarediscussingwithyourfriendabouttheNewYear’sresolution.Sampleforsituation1Tom:Hi!Lisa.Isthatyou?It’sTom.Lisa:MerryChristmas!Tom.Tom:Youtoo.Whatareyougoingtododuringtheholidays?Lisa:I’mgoingtovisitmyparentsandmybrothersbackhome.Tom:Haveasafetripthen!Youknowwhat?I’mgoingtoChinaformyholidays.Ihopethatwillbeexciting.Lisa:I’msureitwill.Sampleforsituation3Lucy:HaveyoumadeaNewYear’sresolutionyet,Mark?Mark:No,InevermakeNewYear’sresolutions.Ididforafewyears,butIneverkeptthem.NowIdon’tevenbothertomakethem.Whataboutyou?Lucy:I’vemadearesolutiontoloseweight.Mark:Idon’tthinkyouneedtoloseweight.Youlookjustfine.Lucy:Thankyou!Iappreciatethatcomment.VideoClipClickthepicture1.

stretch

(Line4,Para.1)vt.&vi.1)continueoveralongperiod延续TaiwaneseveteransingerEmilChou’smainlandtourconcertwill_____________________________________________.台湾资深歌手周华健的大陆巡回演唱会将会从7月初延续到8月中旬。stretchfromearlyJulytothemiddletendaysofAugust2)makewider,longer,ortighter,bypulling;beorbecomewider,etc.,whenpulled

伸展；张开；拉长；拉紧；扩大Frodotriedhisbestto_______________totakethering.(from“TheLordoftheRings”)佛罗多竭尽全力伸直手臂去够魔戒。（选自《指环王》）stretchouthisarmTheropemustbestretchedtight.必须把绳子拉紧。2.incredible

(Line9,Para.2)

adj.impossibleorverydifficulttobelieve

难以置信的ItistotallyincrediblethatAmericancyclistLanceArmstrong,onceacancersufferer,wonthetitleoftheTourdeFrancesixtimesinarow.曾经是癌症患者的美国自行车运动员阿姆斯特朗连续六次赢得了环法自行车赛的冠军，这太让人难以置信了。Itisanunfairphenomenonthatsomepeople_____________,whileothershavenothingatall.一些人过着奢侈的生活，而其他人却是一无所有。这是一种不公平的现象。3.luxury

(Line11,Para.2)

n.somethingpleasantbutnotreallyneededforone’spleasureorcomfort奢侈liveinluxury

luxurious

adj.suppliedwithluxuries;verycomfortable

供有奢侈享受的；豪华的；非常舒服的ItisquitecommonthatsuchcelebritiesasMikeTysonallpossessmorethanoneluxuriouscar.像泰森这样的名人都拥有不止一辆的豪华轿车，这是很正常的事。QuiteafewchildreninChinahavealreadybeenaccustomedtolivinginluxurioussurroundings.在中国，相当多的孩子已经习惯于生活在奢侈的环境中。2)adetailorparagraph(ofnews)（新闻的）一条；一则Arethereanyinterestingitemsofnewsinthenewspaperthismorning?今早的报纸有没有几条有意思的新闻？5.consumption

(Line14,Para.2)n.usingup(offood,energy,materials,etc.);thequantityconsumed消耗（指食物，精力，物资等）;消费量___________________ofsuchluxuriouscarsasMercedes-Benziscomparativelyhigh.像奔驰这样的豪华轿车的耗油量相对较大。ThepetrolconsumptionTheconsumptionofbeerwentdownwhenthetaxonitwasraised.当啤酒税增高时，啤酒的消耗量就降低了。_________________________ismainlyresponsibleforprotectingthelegalrightsofChineseconsumers.中国消费者协会主要负责维护中国消费者的合法权利。名词派生形式：consumern.(opp.toproducer)personwhousesgoods

（与“生产者”相对的）消费者；用户ChinaConsumers’Association

Wewillnaturally

_____________________________

Mr.PierredeCoubertin.我们会很自然地把现代奥林匹克运动与顾拜旦先生联系起来。（我们想起现代奥林匹克运动就会想起顾拜旦先生。）6.associate

(Line21,Para.3)

vt.&vi.joinorconnect联合；结伙；结交Ericsson,theformerthirdlargestcellphoneproduceroftheworld,hasalreadyassociateditselfwithSonyofJapaninthefieldofmobileproduction.前世界第三大手机生产商爱立信已经在手机生产领域与日本的索尼公司联手。associatethemodernOlympicswithMyparentsweredistressedaboutmyhavingtoleavehometogotoamedicalschool.父母为我因上医学院不得不离开家而很难过。7.distressed

(Line24,Para.3)

adj.painful痛苦的Hewasdistressedabouthowtoleavehisfuturebossagoodimpression.他正为怎样给自己未来的老板留下一个好印象而苦恼。Sheissufferingexcessivedistressduetothedeathofhermother.因为母亲去世，她正承受着巨大的悲痛。名词形式：distressn.greatsufferingofthemindorbody;painorgreatdiscomfort（精神上）痛苦，悲痛，苦恼，忧伤10.ceremony(line38,Para.7)adj.havingorshowingmuchworldlyexperienceandknowledgeoffashionablelife

世故的，老练的Althoughhehasababyface,heisactuallyasophisticatedman.尽管有着一张娃娃脸，但事实上他却是一个老于世故的人。Mr.RuanCishanofPhoenixTVisasophisticatedpoliticalcommentator.凤凰卫视的阮次山先生是一位有经验的政治评论员。8.sophisticated

(Line31,Para.5)

adj.regular;accordingtowhatisalwayshabituallydone;notspecial日常的；例行的；常规的Eventhe___________wasquitedangerousforthesesoldiers.即使是例行巡逻对于这些士兵来说也是危险的。Theestablishmentofthe____________aboutvariousinfectiousdiseasesisnecessary.建立针对各种传染病的例行报告是非常有必要的。routinepatrolroutinereport10.derive

(Line51,Para.9)

vt.&vi.1)haveasastarting-point,source,ororigin

源出；起源ThousandsofEnglishwordsarederivedfrom(derivefrom)Latin.英语中有成千上万的单词来源于拉丁语。Infact,theso-calledArabicnumeralsarederivedfrom(derivefrom)ancientIndia.事实上，所谓的阿拉伯数字起源于古印度。2)

get取得；得到Theoldpolicemanderivedpleasure

fromhelpingothersallthetime.那位老警察始终助人为乐。Thosecollegestudentsderivedgreatsatisfactionfromthestreetdanceintheirsparetime.在业余时间里，那些大学生从街舞（运动）中得到了极大的满足。11.commercial

(Line52,Para.9)adj.ofcommerce;fromthepointofviewofprofit

商业的，商务的，商品化的；以赢利为目的的Weshouldtakeintoconsiderationthecommercialfutureofthecommercialtelevision.我们应该考虑到（依靠广告收入的）商业性电视（节目）的商品化前景。Theappearanceofmoreandmoreonline_______________meansthatnetizenscouldnotenjoythefreemusicalproductsontheInternetinthefuture.越来越多商业音乐的出现意味着在将来网民们将无法继续在网上享受到免费的音乐作品。commercialmusic名词形式：commerce

n.trade(esp.betweencountries);theexchangeanddistributionofgoods贸易；（尤指）国际贸易；商业；商务Ourcountryhasgonerichbecauseofitscommercewithothernations.我们的国家因与其他国家通商而变得富裕起来。

IfyouarelikealargenumberofBritishpeople,…Youareseatedinthepeacefulcomfortofsomeone’shome.Youwillbesippingawayonadrink.toperformactsofkindness如果你像很多英国人······你坐在某人宁静舒适的家里。你会一直喝个不停。做善事圣诞节能使你从平日的常规生活中摆脱出来。Christmastakesyououtoftheordinaryroutineoflife.AMerryChristmas

Merryhastwomeanings:happyanddrunk.YouwillbesippingawayonadrinkatChristmas.(Para.1)

Anincredibleamountofmoneyisspentonmanyluxuryitems.(Para.2)

Weforgettothinkofthesickandthehomeless.(Para.3)

Christmasisaholidaythathaslostitsmeaning.So,Iam

againstChristmas.(Para.4)MoreStuffing?1.ManypeopletodayhaveaverydifferentattitudetoChristmas.(Para.6)

Theythinkit’sjustatimewhenshopkeepersmakealotofmoneyandeveryonerushesroundbuyingpresentstheydon’twanttogiveandfoodtheydon’twanttoeat.2.Ihavedifferentideas.(Para.5,7-9)

OpeningChristmasgiftsisanexcitingexperience.NotOnlyforChildren?Christmastakespeopleoutoftheordinaryroutineoflife.Everyoneseemsmuchfriendliertoeachotherthanusual

atChristmastime.Itisstilla“holyday”,anditgivespeopletimetopauseandconcentrateforamomentonnon-commercialvalues.1.

Whetheryouaresurroundedbythenoisyfriendlinessofapuborwhetheryouareseatedinthepeacefulcomfortofsomeone’shome,youwillbesippingawayonadrink.(Line5)Whetheryouaresurrounded…orwhetheryouareseated…whether引导的是让步状语从句whether…or(whether)无论······还是······该句型用于句首时whether不能换成if。Believeitornot,mymethodcanalsobeappliedtodeterminewhetheracar’sengineisabouttobreakdown,or

whetheralotteryticketisgoingtowin.信不信由你，我这种方法还适用于判断汽车的发动机是否会坏，或者一张彩票是否会中奖。无论身处酒店嘈杂而友好的气氛中，还是坐在别人的安静、舒适的家中，你都会照样喝个不停。1.

Whetheryouaresurroundedbythenoisyfriendlinessofapuborwhetheryouareseatedinthepeacefulcomfortofsomeone’shome,youwillbesippingawayonadrink.(Line5)2.Christmasissupposedtobeatimetoexpressourloveandgoodwilltowardsothers.(Line17)…isatimetodosth.…isatimewhen

(Line36)ItseemedagoodtimetoexpressyourthankstoyourteachersonTeachers’Day.教师节看来是你们向老师表达谢意的好时候。Summerholidayisreallyaprecioustimeforpupilstorelax.暑假对孩子们而言的确是难得放松的时期。圣诞节应该是对他人表示爱心和良好祝愿的时候。2.Christmasissupposedtobeatimetoexpressourloveandgoodwilltowardsothers.(Line17)whatever,whoever,wherever,whichever等可引导让步状语从句。3.Indeed,whatevershopkeepersgainoutofChristmas,itisstilla“holyday’,thewordswhich“holiday”isderived…(Line50)Whateveryoumaythink,I’mgoingaheadwithmyplans.不管你怎么想，我都要实行我的计划。Whoeveryouare,youcan’tpassthisway.不管你是谁，你都不能通过这条路。Whicheveryouchoose,theotherswillbeoffended.不管你选哪个，其余的人都会生气。Whatevernonsensethenewspapersprint,somepeoplealwaysbelieveit.

无论报纸登载的东西多么荒唐，有些人总是会相信的。说实在的,不管店主从圣诞节得到什么盈利，圣诞节仍然是“神圣的节日”，“holiday”（假日）这个词就源于此······3.Indeed,whatevershopkeepersgainoutofChristmas,itisstilla“holyday’,thewordswhich“holiday”isderived…(Line50)P288Postreading1.ScanningforSpecificInformationFor1)itisfunforchildren.2)Itgetsyououtoftheusualroutine.3)Peoplearefriendlier.4)Givingpresentscanbeverysatisfying.5)Onecanconcentrateonnon-commercialvalues.P288Postreading6)Itisatimetopauseandreflect.7)Thepreparationa,likedecoratingthehouse,arefun.8)Itisatimetobewithfriends.9)Thereareallkindsofdeliciousfoods.10)It’saholyday.P288Postreading

Against1)Itisanunchristian,andpurelyalcoholicoccasion.2)Itisawasteofmoney.3)Peopledon’tthinkaboutotherswhoarelessfortunate.4)itisawastefulandthoughtlessceremony.5)It’sall“humbug”orhypocritical.P288Postreading6)Peopleeattoomuchoreatfoodtheydon’twant.7)It’sdisappointingforpoorpeoplewhocan’taffordtospendalotofmoney.8)Itisnolongerareligiouscelebration,ithaslostitsmeaning.P291Translation1)Thetopicofthespeechisannouncedaweekinadvance,butthenameofthespeakerisnot.2)Itseemedincrediblethatsomestudentsstillplayedfootballbeforetheexam.3)Mr.Audenisahappymanwhoderivespleasurefromhelpingothers.4)TwoAmericanssharedlastyear’sNobelPrizeforMedicine.P291Translation5)FirstofallI’dliketowelcomeyoutothemeeting.6)I’mnotaccustomedtosuchluxury.It’sawasteofmoney.7)TheresultsoftheexamwillbeputuponFridayafternoon.8)Somecruelexperimentsonanimalsarecarriedoutinthenameofscience.P316TranslationPractice1)gettogetherwithfamilymembers2)setofffirecrackers3)receive(aredenvelopwith)money(inside)asalunarNewYeargift4)eatNewYearcake(madeofglutinousriceflour)andpyramid-shapeddumplingmadeofglutinousricewrappedinbambooorreedleavesP316TranslationPractice5)putonyourSundaybest6)watchNewYear’sprogramonCCTV7)sleeplateinthemorning8)enjoydeliciousfood9)playcomputergamesallnight10)guessriddleswrittenonlanternsHolidaysandSpecialDaysListentoanextractfromVOAspecialEnglishbroadcastingandinterpretitintoChinese.NewWords:nut坚果oak橡树1月1日，新年伊始。有史以来，人们一直都会庆贺新的一年的开始。远古时候的埃及人是在夏天开始新的一年。而美洲的印地安人通常在夏天橡树的果实成熟的时候开始新年。而今，几乎所有人都是在1月1日这天庆贺新年。

January1st,thebeginningofanewyear.Asfarbackinhistoryaswecantell,peoplehavecelebratedthestartofanewyear.ThepeopleofancientEgyptbegantheirnewyearinsummer.AndsomenativeAmericanIndiansbegantheirnewyearwhenthenutsoftheoaktreebecameripe.Thatwasusuallyinlatesummer.Nowalmosteveryonecelebratesnewyear’sdayonJanuary1st.It’sallhumbug.（Line26)习语大都具有鲜明的形象，适宜于用来比喻事物，因而往往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。译者除了忠实地表达原文习语的意义外，还应尽可能地保持原文习语的形象比喻、丰富联想和修辞效果。一般习语的英译汉有三种主要办法：（一）直译法，（二）意译法，（三）套用法。所有一切都是花招。（意译法）Arollingstonegathersnomoss.

滚石不生苔。（直译法）Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。（套用法）Amongsomanywell-dressedandculturedpeople,thecountrygirlfeltlikeafishoutofwater.同这么多穿着体面、又有教养的人在一起，这位乡下姑娘感到很不自在。（意译法）Forchildren,thefunbeginsweeksbeforewhenthedecorationsareputup,andexcitementgraduallyincreasesas

Decemberthe25thapproaches.(Line40)时间状语从句的翻译在英汉翻译技巧中占很大的部分。此句虽然简单，但原文中同时使用了两个表示时间的连词“when”和“as”，都遵循了比较常见的处理法，即英语中的时间状语从句位置灵活，汉语中的时间状语分句常常前置，使前提明确，开门见山。对孩子们来说，在装饰品挂起来的前几周，乐趣已经开始了。随着12月25日的来临，激动的气氛越来越浓。ButdowethinkofotherpeoplewhenwesitdowntoeatChristmasdinner?但是当我们坐下吃圣诞大餐的时候，我们想过别人吗？Pleaseturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.（当）离屋时请关灯。Whileshespoke,thetearswererunningdown.（当）她说话时，泪水直流。…peoplewillsmileandrespond.（Line45）当英语中两个或两个以上的动词与同一主语发生主谓关系时，译者应仔细斟酌几个谓语动词在意义上的逻辑关系，即表示目的与手段，表示原因与结果，还是表示行为动作的先后？确定关系后，可选主要动词为谓语，别的行为动词可转换为主要动词的伴随方式。

人们会微笑着给予回应。

Theyapplaudedandwelcomedtheforeignguests.

他们鼓掌欢迎外国来宾。Shegrinnedandstoodatthedoor.

她站在门口笑。Verysoonhecamebackandheld

thebookinhishand.

不久，他拿着那本书回来了。HolidaysandSpecialDays在措词炼句方面存在的问题：1.可供“调遣”的词汇量相对贫乏。用词局限于中学掌握的词汇。

2.连词成句欠润色，用词过于简单、平淡、笼统。

3.拘泥于头脑中的汉语思维，死板地字对字翻译。

4.表达相近的意义时，重复用一个词，用词单调。5.词的文体不妥。

6.句子单调平直，多用主谓结构，句式缺乏变化。

语句之间结构松散、连接随意，前后重复的意思较多。表达缺少深度、不够高效。1.调动大学里学过的更细腻、更丰富的词汇来表达。

2.用具体生动、有针对性、更能传情达意的词语。4.文中需要多次表达某一词义时，以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词等避免重复用同一词。5.把握词的文体意义、情感意义，运用时使之与语境、文章的文体风格“门当户对”。6.选用多种结构，丰富表达方式。3.冲破汉语表层束缚，从整体上把握句意和上下文语境，活用英语中地道的表达式、典型句型及词组搭配。7.把相关、有重合或互补、互相修饰的意思用联词、主从结构、固定句型等组织到一个句子中来，使之简洁紧凑、显得主题突出、层次清楚。你在写下面的作文时，怎样措词炼句？

Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:WillChristmasReplaceSpringFestival?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.圣诞节越来越流行。有些人担心圣诞节会取代春节。2.这种担心纯属多余。3.我认为,······WillChristmasReplaceSpringFestival?

ChristmasarousesincreasingattentionyearbyyearinChina.Christmascardsbecomepopularwithstudents.PeopleholdChristmaspartiesandexchangeChristmasgifts.AlotofTVandradioprogramsaboutChristmasareon.MeanwhileSpringFestivalislessappealing(有吸引力的)toyoungsters.ThussomepeoplewonderwhetherChristmaswillreplaceSpringFestival.Thisworryisfairlyunnecessary.Why?OnereasonisthatChristmasmainlyaffectsChristians,collegestudentsandjoint-venture(合资企业)workers.AnotherreasonisthatChristmasismostlycelebratedincities.Fewpeopleincountrysideshowextremeinterestinthisexotic(带有异国情调的)festival.Bycontrast,SpringFestivalisthemostinfluentialtraditionalfestivalineveryChinesefamily.Ithink,itisnaturalthatwithincreasingexchangeswiththeWest,alotofWesternhol