2020高考英语增分大二轮讲义：语法部分+专题三+基础点课时+第1讲+Word版含答案

高中英语讲义高中英语讲义好好努力梦想终会实现 好好努力梦想终会实现 --第1讲名词解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词常修饰可数名词复数，也要注意修饰不可数名词的词或短语等，以用来判断其应为不可数名词还是可数名词的单复数形式，有时还要结合语境分析句子成分来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。考点感悟语法填空短文改错语法填空对名词的考查主要是名词的单复数和所有格，以及所给提示词（动词、形容词等）转换为名词的适当形式。感1.（2018全国卷出）MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma （science）whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.答案：scientist根据语境可知，作者是一名科学家，故填scientist“科学家”。2.（2017全国卷出）Shehasturneddownseveral （invitation）tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.答案：invitations “邀请”为可数名短文改错对名词的考查重点是名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性等方面的误用。感1.（2019全国卷I）Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly...答案：player-players根据前而的all可知，player应用复数形式players。2.（2018全国卷I）LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.

词，其前有several词，其前有several修饰，故应填其名词复数形式。悟1.分析句子成分如果词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词所有格。.注意单复数如果为不可数名词，则没有复数形式；如果为可数名词，除根据上下文语境之外，还可通过限定词信息来判断：①不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式；②有these,those,several,many,bothall,different,afew等词修饰时用名词复数形式；③其前有oneof时用名词复数形式；④如作主语，要注意主谓一致。即，谓语动词为单数则填名词单数形式，谓语动词为复数则填名词复数形式。答案：chickenfchickensdozensof用来修饰可数名词复数。悟1.可数名词单复数的误用可根据限定语来判断，高考时主要集中在错把复数用作单数。.可数名词与不可数名词的误用 ①不可数名词没有复数形式，因此熟记不可数名词是解题关键；②有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词，应注意其具体语境。.名词的所有格有些名词常常漏掉名词所有格，在表示“……的”时常用名词所有格。.名词与形容词或动词的误用 应结合语境分析句子成分，由所充当的句子成分判断词性的正误。①名词一般作主语、宾语、表语或定语；②作表语时，与主语构成同位关系一般用名词，形容词一般是对主语的描述；③在冠词、所有格或介词后一般用名词。考点素能一名词复数变化规律.规则名词变复数的6种形式1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加—s:book-books,mouth-mouths,houseshouses,girHgirls(2)以一s,一x,—ch,一sh结尾的名词,在词尾力口一es:glassyglasses,boxfboxes,matchymatches,brushybrushes(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i再加一es：city-cities,countryfcountries,part尸parties,factory^factories(4)以元音字母+y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加一s：holidayfholidays,monkeyfmonkeys(5)以o结尾的名词常在词尾力口一s：radiofradios,zoofzoos,pianofpianos,kilofkilos,photofphotos;力口一es的有：hereheroes,NegrofNegroes,tomato-^tomatoes,potato^potatoes(6)以一f,—fe结尾的名词①少数直接加一s：roof—roofs,belief-beliefs②一般以一f或一fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加—es：self-selves,lifeflives,thieffthieves,wifefwives,knifefknives,leaffleaves,shelffshelves,wolffwolves,halffhalves.不规则名词变复数的常见形式(1)单复数同形：deer,sheep,means,series,Chinese,Swiss,aircraft,spacecraft(2)变内部元音：footffeet,toothsteeth,marr^men,womanswomen(3)外来名词：mediumfmedia媒体, phenomenon^phenomena现象,analysis-^analyses分析二常见的不可数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数名词的有：milk,music,homework,housework,weather,news,butter,information,knowledge,bread,advice,progress,orangey(汁)，equipment,meat,fun,luggage,luck,work(工作),traffic,furniture,wealth,word(消息),room(空间),man(人类)等。三名词构词法(名词后缀)1.动词变名词的后缀后缀 例词correct-*"correction改正celebrate^celebration庆祝;庆祝会attraci^attFaction吸引graduate^>graduaiion毕业conclude-^conclusion结论；结束-ion-tionJ ^ 、， ，、discuss^discussion讨论：辩论-sion/-arion tdecide*decision决定admit->admission接纳"在港入学invile—►inviTaricn邀请txpUiin^cxplanfition弱棒expect—►expectation期望-er/-ordrivtr-►driver司机：驾驶员gather*gatherer收集者i采集者teach—►teacher老师announce^-announcer广播员conduct-*cnnductor指挥：售票员-tnentputiish—►pLmisliTnein惩罚achievgfachievement功绩；成就argue^argument辩论：论据treatment对存;治疗equip-*Eiiipnwm装备：设备goier门-government政府 /

［后缓1例同-anct/-enceappeal^-appearanet出现：夕卜貌guide-*guidance指引：指导perform^perfornianct表演；演出exist^existence存在1生存prefer^preference偏爰rtfer^reference参考；查|回-inghear—►hearing听力：匚斤觉begin-*beginning开始-ure-turefail-^failure失败:倒闭pr已忖对―pres&ur它引力depart^departure离开：出发mix-*-mixture混合*混合物-yrecover-^recovery恢复：痊愈discover-*discovery发现其他choose—*choice选择vary^variety多样化与种类tend^tendency趋向】趋势1_，2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词short-*shortage不足;短缺-cyrfficientfefficiency效率［功效fluentAfluenuy流利，流畅accurate—*-cLccuracy?隹确］'牛private—►privacy隐l私：私密-dom{ree*1freedom白由；自主wise^-*wisdom明智：智慧-encedifferent^differtnct差异silent-*siLencc沉默一【心rwtak—►weakne^^虚弱；羽，点kind-►kindness仁慈；好意careless-^cartlt^sness辛大意-thsirong-*strength力气：强项warm-►warmth温暖；热情-v/-tv/-itvhonest-*honesty诚实difficulffdifficulty困难cruel-►cruelty残酷：残暴safe-*-safety安全disable—►disability无能：伤残responsihle-*responsibility责任3.表示“人”的后缀后缀例词clean^cleaner清洁工-erreport—*reporter记者l'. strange^stranger丽夕人1 J-orinvent-*inventor发明者visit^visitor游客direct^direutor导演-arlie*liar说谎者b七gfbeggar乞讨者，乞丐-eeemploy-^employee雇员interview—►interviewee参加面试者train-*trainee受训者，学员-es?ihost—►hostess女主人act-^acire5s女演员-ianL muri匚fmu%ici社Ji音乐家politics-►politician政治家history-►hislorian历史学家Jari-*^rtist艺术家-isrscience-►scienti^i科学家piano—pianist钢琴家serve-*servant仆人-antparticipnie-*participam参Ml者assist-*assistant助手♦图书管理员四区分名词或名词所有格作定语.名词作定语往往说明其名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等cottongoods棉织品busdriver公交车司机BeijingUniversity北京大学eveningsuit晚礼®weatherforecast天气预报.名词所有格作定语往往表示所属关系thestudents'books学生们的书过关检测(限时：30分钟)I.单句语法填空Two(German)wereseenenterthebuildinganhourago.答案：GermansWhoeverchoosestobehappymusthelpotherstofind(happy),forthewelfareofeachisboundupwiththewelfareofall.答案：happinessThe(soldier)heroicdeedearnedhimamedal.答案：soldier'sWehavetwo(week)vacationforChristmas.答案：weeks'Withoutthepropertreatment,minor(injury)orburnscouldleadtomoresufferingandevenlossoflives.答案：injuriesThestoreswereoverrunwithratsand(mouse)答案：miceShewasather(dentist)fortwohoursyesterday.答案：dentist'sYouareworkingtoohard.You'dbetterkeepabalancebetweenworkand (relax).答案：relaxationShehadviewsquitedifferentfromher(father)答案：father'sIhaven'tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehaschangedbeyond(recognize)答案：recognitionH.单句改错Oftenshebuyssometoyforhimtoplaywith,especiallyonhisbirthday.答案：toy-toysDuringthenextfewdays,wevisitedtheworld—famoussight,suchastheGreatWall,theSummerPalace.答案：sightfsightsWhileIwaswalkingonmywaytoschool,Inoticedtwocleanersweepingthestreet.答案：cleaner-^cleanersTheyhaveprobablyheardsomehorriblestoriesaboutotherkid.答案：kid-kidsWeweretoldabouttheenemydefeatbyourforces.答案：enem尸enemy'sIt'soneofthemostbeautifulviewthatI'veeverseeninChina.答案：viewfviewsMyfavoritesportisbadminton,whichbringsmemuchhappy.答案：happyfhappinessIthinkyoucanmakeitifyoufollowtheadvicesbelow.答案：advices-^adviceWeneedtotakeactiontodevelopasoundsystemthatadvocatesgoodbehaviorandkeepsallnecessaryrequirementsinminds.答案：mindsfmindBillyandIaregoodfriends.IhavesomepicturesofBilly's.Lookatthisone.Howsweetheissmiling.答案：Billy's一Billym.语法填空Homecomingisthetraditionofwelcomingbackformerstudentsandcelebratingaschool's1(exist)intheUnitedStates.People,towns,highschools,andcollegescometogether,usuallyinlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,towelcomebackalumni校友)andformerresidents.It__2__(build)aroundacentralevent,suchasabanquetand,mostoften,agameoffootball,or,3occasion,basketball,icehockeyorsoccer.Whencelebratedbyschools,theactivitiesvarywidely.However,theyusuallyconsistofafootballgame,activitiesforstudentsandalumni,aparade__4__(feature)theschool'smarchingbandandsportsteams,andthecoronation加冕)of5(it)HomecomingQueen,orHomecomingKing.Adancecommonlyfollowsthegameonthedayafterthegame.__6__(attach)toafootballgame,Homecomingtraditionallyoccursontheteam'sreturnfromthelongestroadtripoftheseason,thegame,7itisfootballoranothersport,willtypicallyincludethehometeamplayinga8(considerable)weakeropponent.Thegameissupposedtobe_9__easywinandthusweakerschoolswillsometimesplay_10__(low)divisionschools...9.10.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了有关美国返校节的内容。existence考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作celebrating的宾语，应用所给词的名词形式。existence表示“存在”。isbuilt考查动词的时态和语态。返校节以一个中心事件为基础。此处介绍的是通常的客观情况，故用一般现在时；主语 It指代上文的Homecoming,它和build之间为动宾关系，此处要用被动语态。on考查介词。onoccasion"偶尔，有时”，与上文中的mostoften相对应。featuring考查非谓语动词。feature作动词，意为“以 为特色”，与aparade存在逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词作后置定语。its考查代词。本题看似简单，但是要弄清楚空处指代的对象比较难，因为空前出现了theschool,marchingband,sportsteams,thecoronation但是根据句意“然而，活动通常包括足球比赛……以学校的乐队、运动队伍为特色的游行和返校节皇后或国王的加冕”可知，返校节皇后或国王应该是学校的，空处指代“学校的"，故填its。Attached考查非谓语动词。attach与其逻辑主语Homecoming之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式作状语。whether考查状语从句。不管是足球还是另外的运动，比赛通常包括……。根据后面的or可知，此处用whether”不管……（还是”）引起让步状语从句。considerably考查词性转换。此处表示“弱得相当多的对手”，修饰形容词应用副词。an考查冠词。win作名词表示“（在比赛、竞赛中的）胜利”时，通常为可数名词，且easy的首字母读音以元音音素开头，故填 an。lower考查形容词比较级。根据句意以及上文中的weakerschools’可知，此处应使用比较级。IV.短文改错Inordertosavetheplanetorraisepublicawarenessofenvironmentalissues,a“UsedBookDonationCampaign"willcarriedoutinourschoolnexttmioAnyusedbookwenolongerneeditcanbedonated.AllthecollectedbookwillbedonatedtosomechildrenwholivedinpoormountainousareasofWestChina.I'msurethiscampai