焊接的健康与安全课件

WeldingHealthandSafety

焊接的健康与安全WeldingHealthandSafety

焊接的WeldingHealthandSafetyHazards:危害性Weldinghasboth“Apparent”hazardsand“Hidden”hazards.Apparenthazardsarethosewhichcanbeeasilyidentified.Hiddenhazardsarethosenotseenandoftenforgotten.焊接分明显的危害和隐藏的危害，明显的危害是容易鉴定而隐藏的危害是不明显而且容易忽略的。Someoftheseare:

ElectricalShock触电

Overexposuretoarcradiation电弧光辐射

Fumesandgasses有害的烟和气Burnsandfire灼伤和火灾

Compressedgascylinders压力容器

Noise噪音

WeldingHealthandSafetyHazarWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全Electricshockandelectrocutionarepossiblehazardswithallweldingprocesses.在整个焊接过程中，触电和电击是可能存在的危害。Therearetwodifferentareasofconcern.有两个不同的区域需要注意Theprimaryside主要方面FuseorBreakerpanel保险丝或者断路面板

PowerSupplycables电源线Internalpartsofthepowersource.电源内部零件

WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:Electricshockandelectrocutionarepossiblehazardswithallweldingprocesses.在整个焊接过程中，触电和电击是可能存在的危害Therearetwodifferentareasofconcern.有两个不同的区域需要注意Theprimaryside主要方面Primarysidepowerisnormallyishighamperage/highvoltage.Theweldershouldnotworkinthisarea.Itshouldleftuptoaqualifiedmaintenanceperson.初级电源普常是高电流/电压,焊工不应工作在这个区域。它应该由一个合格的维护人操作。

WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:Electricshockandelectrocutionarepossiblehazardswithallweldingprocesses.在整个焊接过程中，触电和电击是可能存在的危害Therearetwodifferentareasofconcern.Exposedwiresontheweldinglead焊接端面上的裸线

Contactwiththeelectrodeandtheworkpiece.电极和工件之间的连接Wetglovesorskin.湿的手套或者外套Thesecondaryside:次级方面WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全Whichismoredangerous?哪个更危险？ACCurrentorDCCurrent交流电或直流电InGMAW,ACcurrentismoredangerous.气体保护电弧焊中交流电是很危险的Paralyzesvoluntarymuscles.肌肉麻痹

ACistheprimarypowerforweldingwhichismuchhigherthantheoutputweldingcurrent.交流电主电源处电压比输出端高很多DCCurrentcancauseseverinternalburnsbutdoesnotparalyzemuscles.直流电能引起严重的内部燃烧，但不会使肌肉麻痹WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全WorkReturnLeadvs.Ground.工作回路引线和接地Theworkreturnleadisoftenreferredtoastheground.工作回路引线有点像接地。Workreturnandgroundingaretwodifferentthings.接地和工作回路引线是两种不同的事情。

WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全WorkReturnLeadvs.Ground工作回路引线和接地Groundingis:Acableattachedtoacopperroddrivenintotheground.电缆联接铜棒插入地下Itspurposeistocarryawaycurrentincaseofatransformerfault,powersurge,orstrayvoltage.它的目的将使在变压器故障,电力高峰及短路情况下把电流导入地下,WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全WorkReturnLeadvs.Ground工作回路引线和接地AWorkReturnLeadis:一个工作回路引线是Acableattachedtotheworkpiece.电缆被连接到工件上Itspurposeistocreateacompletecircuitforwelding.它的目的是使焊接时建立一条完全回路。WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全ConnectingtheWorkReturnlead.连接工作回路引线Properconnectionisveryimportantforseveralreasons.正确的连接是非常重要的，原因有以下几个1,TheweldingcurrentwillfindtheeasiestpathbacktothePowersource.焊接电流将容易找到返回到功率源的路径2,Possiblythroughthebuildingifthereisametalfloor.容易通过金属平台穿过建筑.3,Throughanattachedliftingdevicesuchasanoverheadcrane.通过一个附属的起重装置例如一架吊车4,Throughpowertoolsifthereareotheroperationsbeingperformedontheassemblyyouareweldingon.当在焊接时如果有组装的时候，通过一个手动工具。WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全Possiblecurrentreturnpaths.目前可能的返回路径Throughoverheadliftingdevices.通过起重设备Throughpowertoolsusedforotheroperationsonthesameunit.在同一个产品上操作时，通过电动工具Throughmetalplatesthatmaybeplacedinthefloorforotherfunctions.通过放在地上的金属板或类似物品WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafetyTips:电气安全提示PowerSource.电源Shouldbeinstalledandservicedbyaqualifiedelectricianormaintenanceperson.持有电工证的电工或则维修人员安装电源和维护。Avoidworkingnearprimarysidepowercables.避免在主要电源端附近工作。Neverrunoverprimarysideoranyotherpowercableswithaforklift.Also,becarefulnottodropheavyobjectsonpowercords.Damagetotheoutercasingcanresultandexposetheconductorunderneath.绝对不能使用叉车压住主要电源端和任何电源线。同样，小心不要掉重物在电源线上。破坏电器箱将会是使导体裸露。WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全WeldingEquipment.焊接设备Checkcablesforwornorcutinsulation.检查电源线是否磨损或者绝缘断开

Letyoursupervisorknowifdamageisfoundsomaintenancecanbecalled.如果发现破坏，通知你的主管让维修人员去修理WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全ProtectiveClothing.防护服Wearproperglovesthataredryandfreeofholes.穿那些干燥的且有通气孔的特制的手套Wearrubbersoledsafetyshoes.穿橡胶制作的安全鞋WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全WorkReturnLead:工作回路引线Makesuretheworkreturnleadisproperlyconnectednearthepointofweldingandmakesgoodelectricalconnection.确定工作回路引线是被正确的夹在焊接点的附近和确保有好的电气连接。Donotplacethepowersourceonafloorthatcouldconductweldingcurrent.不要将电源放置在能导电的地面上Neverleaveanoverheadcraneorotherliftingdeviceconnectedtotheassemblybeingwelded.Currentcantravelbackthroughthesedevicesandcauseveryseriousdamage.不要把吊机或是其它起重设备连接在正在焊接的产品上。通过这些设备电流能够回流，也能引起非常严重的破坏WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全IncaseofElectricalShock.假如发生电击Ifpossible,turnthepoweroffimmediately.如有可能，立即关闭电源Donottrytopullthevictimfreewhileincontactwiththeelectricalpower.不要试图去推开那些正触电的受害者ActivatetheEMS(emergencymedicalsystem),call911.Alertfirstrespondersaccordingtoprotocolspostednearthephonesintheshop.启动急救系统，呼叫120

。向厂房里电话边张贴的负责人提供警报。WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:电弧辐射

Theweldingarcemitsthreetypesofradiation.焊接时有三种辐射产生Ultraviolet–UV紫外线Visible可见光Infrared-(IR)红外线WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRWeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:ShortwavelengthUVcauses“Arceye”or“Weldersflash”短波紫外线引起的眼病.UVintherangeof300-400Nano-Meters(NM)hasbeenassociatedwiththeformationofcataracts.紫外线引起白内障InfraredandVisiblelightcancauseburnsandretinallesions.红外线和可见光损坏视网膜WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRThemostcommontypeofeyeinjuryfromradiationis“arceye”or“weldersflash”.最常见的眼病，从辐射是“红眼”或“电光性眼炎”Severalhoursafterexposure,you’reeyeswillfeellikethereissandinthemandwillberedandswollen.眼睛曝光几个小时后，会觉得像有沙子，他们将变红和肿胀Theeffectsareshortlivedandcanbetreatedbyavisittotheemergencyroomwheredropscanbeadministeredtocorrectthiscondition.影响是短暂的。到急诊室处理有助于缓解和改善这样的状况。However,theeyescanbepermanentlydamagedbyintenseexposureovertime.然而，曝光时间过长的话，视力将会永久的伤害。

ClearPlasticlensesandsideshieldswillblockshortwaveUVandhelpavoidexposure.透明胶镜片将阻止短波紫外线，并有助于避免曝光.WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:电弧辅射ThemostcommontypeofeyeinUVintherangeof300to400Nano-Meters,Infrared,andvisiblelightarenotblockedbyclearplastic.Thecorrectshadeoffilterplateneedstobeusedtopreventexposure.透明胶镜片不可以拦住300~400纳米范围的紫外线，红外线和可见光的。需要选用正确的滤光片来防止曝光。

Thefollowingslideisachartofrecommendedfilterplateshadesfordifferentweldingprocessesandcurrentlevels.以下说明不同的焊接时需要不同滤光片的种类WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:电弧辅射UVintherangeof300to400WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:电弧辅射WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRArcradiationcancauseaconditionverymuchlikesunburn.电弧辅射可能导致很多象晒斑的情况Thehazardisincreasedbyhigheramperageandargonbasedgas.更高的安培数和氩气体会增加危险

Properweldingclothessuchassleeves,capesleeves,aprons,andahelmetshouldbewornforprotection.穿适当的焊接服装例如袖子，护袖，围裙，头盔将保护身体。

Screensandprotectivebarriersshouldbeinplacetoprotectnon-weldersinthearea.防晒霜和防护墙在焊接区域应该是保护非焊工。

Sunscreencanbeusedtoprotectexposedskin.

防晒霜可以被用于保护暴露的皮肤

WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:电弧辅射ArcradiationcancauseacondHighlyreflectivematerialssuchasaluminum,stainlesssteel,andgalvanizedincreasetheriskofexposure.高度反射性材料例如铝，不锈钢和镀锌增加曝光的风险

Arcradiationisreflectedoffthesematerialsandcausesinjurytothebackoftheneckorotherexposedareas.弧辐射被反射这些材料并且造成伤害到脖子或其他被暴露的区域的后面

Properclothingorsunscreencanhelpeliminateorminimizetheexposure.适当的衣物或遮阳霜可能帮助消灭或使曝光减到最小

WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:电弧辅射HighlyreflectivematerialssuWeldingHealthandSafetyFumesandGassesinWelding:焊接中的烟尘和废气CausesofFumesandGasses.烟尘和废气产生的原因WeldingHealthandSafetyFumesWeldingHealthandSafetyFumesandGassesinWelding:焊接中的烟尘和废气Becauseofthevariablesinfumeandgasgenerationwithdifferentweldingprocesses,wewillneedtotreatthesubjectinaverygeneralizedway.由于发烟和气体不同的焊接过程产生不同烟和气，我们将需要制定一个广泛的方式对待这个问题Fumeandgassescanbehazardousifproperventilationisnotused.如果没有适当的空气流动，发烟和气体是很危害的WeldingHealthandSafetyFumesWeldingHealthandSafetyContaminantsintheweldplume:焊接中的污染物Particulatematterintheweldplumegivestheplumeit’scolor.特殊的物质在焊接中产生它自己特有的颜色。Theparticulateiscomposedprimarilyofoxidizedfillermetal,basemetal,andanycoatingsfoundonthebasemetal.微粒物质主要由被氧化的填充金属、母材和所有覆盖在母材上的东西。Weldersshouldtakecaretoavoidbreathingthefumesbecauseofthepotentialassociatedhealthhazards.焊工应当心避免吸入烟尘,因为它与身体建康相关联。AluminumandIronparticlescancausedustdiseaseofthelungesiflevelsarehighenoughandoccuroveralongperiodoftime.铝和铁微粒可能导致刺的积尘病，如果量是足够多和长时间。WeldingHealthandSafetyContaWeldingHealthandSafetyContaminantsintheweldplume:Somemetalsposeamoreserioushealthhazard.一些金属构成更严重的健康危害Itisveryimportanttouseallavailablesafetydeviceswhenworkingwiththesematerials:它是很重要的当与这些材料一起使用时，使用所有可利用的保险装置Manganese,foundinAluminum(3003),caneffectthecentralnervoussystem,resultinginimpairedspeechandmovement.锰与铝(3003)焊接，可能影响中央神经系统，造成语言和行动功能受损。FumesfromstainlesssteelandotherspecializedconsumableshavethepotentialtocontaincertaincompoundsofChromiumand/ornickel.Someofthesecompoundsareknownorsuspectedtohavecausedlungcancerinprocessesotherthanwelding.从不锈钢的发烟和其他专业消费品有潜力包含铬和镍某些化合物。除焊接之外，其中一些化合物在过程中知道或被怀疑有导致的肺癌WeldingHealthandSafetyContaWeldingHealthandSafetyContaminantsintheweldplume:ThemostcommoncoatingfoundatGreenheckisZinc,whichisthecoatingfoundonGalvanizedorGalvanealmaterial.在格林瀚克最主要的涂层材料是镀锌板,是一种电镀或热镀锌的材料Zincmeltsbetween800°and900°andiseasilyvaporizedbytheweldingarc.锌融化在800度到900度之间,通过焊弧很易蒸发,TheresultingfumeisZincOxide.随之发生烟是氧化锌ZincOxide,inlargeenoughquantitiescancause“ZincFever”or“MetalFumeFever”.氧化锌，在足够大的数量，可引起自然或金属灰发烧WeldingHealthandSafetyContaWeldingHealthandSafetyContaminantsintheweldplume:WeldingHealthandSafetyContaWeldingHealthandSafetyContaminantsintheweldplume:Gasses:废气Asphyxiates(inert)使窒息(惰性气体)Carbondioxide,Argon,andCarbonmonoxide.二氧化碳,氩气,一氧化碳Irritants.刺激性气体Ozone,Chlorides,Fluorides,andSulfurdioxide臭氧,氯化物,氟化物,二氧化硫Systemicpoisons全身的毒药Fluorides,OxidesofNitrogen,andPhosgene.氟化物,氧化氮和光气WeldingHealthandSafetyContaWeldingHealthandSafetyConfinedSpace:狭小的空间Asphyxiatescanbeveryhazardousinconfinedspaces.在狭小的空间内,呼吸不畅是很危险的,Thesegasesareheavierthanairandcansettleinenclosedareasanddisplaceoxygen.这些气体比空气重，并能解决在封闭区和取代氧气Alwaysusesometypeofventilationtokeepfreshairflowinginthistypeofenvironment.总要使用一些通风器以保持新鲜空气的流动，在这种类型的环境Theremaynotbeanywarningsignsofoxygendeficiency.Youmaysimplyloseconsciousness.可能没有任何警告标志的氧气不足。你可能只是失去意识

WeldingHealthandSafetyConfiWeldingHealthandSafetyGasesproducedbywelding:焊接产生的气体Caremustbetakenwhenusingcleaningsolventsformulatedwithchlorinatedhydrocarbons.必须注意当使用清洗溶剂与氯化碳氢化合物TrychloroethyleneandPerchloroethyleneareexamplesofthese.氯乙烯和全氯乙烯是这些的例子,WeldingHealthandSafetyGasesWeldingHealthandSafetyGassesproducedbywelding:焊接所产生的气体WhenvaporsfromthesecleaningsolventsareexposedtoUVfromtheweldingarc,Phosgenegasisproduced.当蒸汽从这些清洗溶剂是暴露在紫外线从焊接电弧，光气是天然气生产WeldingHealthandSafetyGasseWeldingHealthandSafetyGassesproducedbywelding:焊接所产生的气体OzonecanbeaproblemwhenweldingAluminum当焊接铝件是臭氧是一个问题Cancauseheadache,chestpain,andshortnessofbreath.能导致头痛,胸闷和呼吸短促Veryhighlevelsofexposuretoozonecancausefluidtobuildupinthelungsandevendeath.非常严重的暴露于臭氧中能使流进肺中和甚至死亡,WeldingHealthandSafetyGasseWeldingHealthandSafetyGassesproducedbywelding:焊接所产生的气体TheproductionofOzonedependsonthetypeoffillermetalused.臭氧的产生主要依靠那种焊丝被使用Theuseof4043fillermetalcausestheformationofozone.使用4043焊丝能导致臭氧的产生,WeldingHealthandSafetyGasseWeldingHealthandSafetyReducingtheRisk:减少危险Therearesomesimplethingsyoucandotohelpavoidexposuretofumesandgasses.有一些简单的事情，你能做为了帮助避免接触烟雾和气体Keepyourheadoutoftheweldingplume.保持你的头部离开焊接废气WeldingHealthandSafetyReducWeldingHealthandSafetyReducingtheRisk:减少危险Uselocalfumeextractiondevicestohelpremovethefume.利用局部的排烟装置，以帮助排走烟气WeldingHealthandSafetyReducWeldingHealthandSafetyReducingtheRisk:减少危险Usefiltersorotherdevicestofiltertheairinyourbreathingzone.使用过滤器或其他装置，以过滤空气，在你呼吸地方WeldingHealthandSafetyReducWeldingHealthandSafetyReducingtheRisk:减少危险Insomecasesitmaybenecessarytoremovethecoatingfromthebasemetalbeforewelding.在某些情况下，也许要先清理涂层从金属母材上在焊前Makesureyouknowtheproperwaytoremovethecoating.Grindingsomecoatingsmaybejustashazardousaswelding.确保您知道正确的做法对于清理涂层。磨削有些涂料可能只是为减少焊接危险WeldingHealthandSafetyReducWeldingHealthandSafetyBurnsandFire:烧伤和火灾Burnsareoneofthemostcommonhazardsfacedinallweldingprocesses.烧伤是最常见的危险在所有焊接工作中Arcradiation,sparks,spatter,andthepartsthemselvescancauseseriousinjury.电弧辐射，火花飞溅及零件本身可能导致严重伤害Propergearandclothingcanhelpprotectyoufromthesehazards.适当的装备和服装可以帮助您避免这些危害WeldingHealthandSafetyBurnsWeldingHealthandSafetyBurnsandFire:烧伤和火灾ProtectiveClothingandGear

防护服和手套WeldingHealthandSafetyBurnsWeldingHealthandSafetyBurnsandFire:烧伤和火灾Fireisalsoamajorconcernassociatedwithwelding.火也是主要是与焊接联合相关Cleaningsolventsanddegreasersareflammableandposeaseverefireandexplosionhazard.清洗溶剂和脱脂剂是易燃的及构成严重火灾和爆炸危险Thesesubstancesshouldbekeptoutoftheweldingarea.这些物质应妥善贮存的焊接区域WeldingHealthandSafetyBurnsWeldingHealthandSafetyBurnsandFire:烧伤及火灾Materialssuchaspaperandragsarecombustibleandcanbeignitedbysparksandspatterfromtheweldingprocess.材料如纸张和抹布都是易燃物，可点燃的火花飞溅从焊接过程中Thesematerialscansmolderforhoursbeforecatchingfire.这些材料在着火前能闷烧几个小时Allcombustiblematerialsshouldbekeptoffthefloorandoutoftheimmediateweldingarea.所有可燃材料应保存在地面上，且于眼能看到的焊接区域Thesematerialsshouldbeplacedinafireproofcontainerattheendoftheshift.

这些材料应保管在防火的柜子的最里面Keepgarbagecanscoveredneartheweldingarea.确认焊接区附近的垃圾桶要盖上WeldingHealthandSafetyBurnsWeldingHealthandSafetyCigarettelightersshouldbekeptoutofpantsorshirtpocketsasthesecanexplodewhenweldingspattercomesincontactwithandmeltsthroughtheplasticshell.打火机应妥善贮存的裤子或衬衣口袋，因为这些焊渣飞溅能透过塑料外壳可能发生爆炸。Canexplodewiththesameforceas3sticksofdynamite.能爆炸用相同的力量WeldingHealthandSafetyCigarStorecylindersawayfromheat.贮存气瓶远离热Besurecontentsareclearlyidentified.确信内容是明显的Markemptycylinders“EMPTY”用”EMPTY”标记空瓶Useonlyinanuprightandchainedposition.仅在竖立状态下和束缚位置使用Makesuretheprotectivecapisinplacewheneverthecylinderisnotconnectedforuse.无论在使用或是不使用时，气瓶的保护盖一直要使用WeldingHealthandSafetyWorkingwithCompressedGasCylinders:压缩天然气气瓶StorecylindersawayfromheatDonotdrag,droporrollcylinders.不能扯拽，投下及滚动气瓶Neverstrikeanarconcylinders.不能在气瓶上触击电弧

Keepweldingcablesandtheweldingcircuitawayfromcylinders.保持焊接电缆及焊接电路远离气瓶Keepoilandgreaseawayfromoxygen,itcanexplodewhenpressurized.保持油和油脂远离氧气，当加压是它可能发生爆炸Alwaysleavesomegas(50psi)inthecylindertopreventcontaminationandmixingofgasses.WeldingHealthandSafetyWorkingwithCompressedGasCylinders:压缩天然气气瓶CapValveHighPressureHazardAnydamagetothecylindercancreatestressconcentrationpointswherethetankcanburst!Donotdrag,droporrollcyliWeldingHealthandSafetyNoiseisaproblemwithmanyoperationsontheshopfloor.Earplugsarerequiredwhenontheshopfloor.Notonlywilltheyprotectyoufromnoise,butwillkeepspatteroutofyourearsaswell.WeldingHealthandSafetyNoiseIntheend,thereisonlyonepersonthatisresponsibleforyoursafety:TakeResposibilityforIntheend,thereisonlyoneWeldingHealthandSafety

焊接的健康与安全WeldingHealthandSafety

焊接的WeldingHealthandSafetyHazards:危害性Weldinghasboth“Apparent”hazardsand“Hidden”hazards.Apparenthazardsarethosewhichcanbeeasilyidentified.Hiddenhazardsarethosenotseenandoftenforgotten.焊接分明显的危害和隐藏的危害，明显的危害是容易鉴定而隐藏的危害是不明显而且容易忽略的。Someoftheseare:

ElectricalShock触电

Overexposuretoarcradiation电弧光辐射

Fumesandgasses有害的烟和气Burnsandfire灼伤和火灾

Compressedgascylinders压力容器

Noise噪音

WeldingHealthandSafetyHazarWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全Electricshockandelectrocutionarepossiblehazardswithallweldingprocesses.在整个焊接过程中，触电和电击是可能存在的危害。Therearetwodifferentareasofconcern.有两个不同的区域需要注意Theprimaryside主要方面FuseorBreakerpanel保险丝或者断路面板

PowerSupplycables电源线Internalpartsofthepowersource.电源内部零件

WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:Electricshockandelectrocutionarepossiblehazardswithallweldingprocesses.在整个焊接过程中，触电和电击是可能存在的危害Therearetwodifferentareasofconcern.有两个不同的区域需要注意Theprimaryside主要方面Primarysidepowerisnormallyishighamperage/highvoltage.Theweldershouldnotworkinthisarea.Itshouldleftuptoaqualifiedmaintenanceperson.初级电源普常是高电流/电压,焊工不应工作在这个区域。它应该由一个合格的维护人操作。

WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:Electricshockandelectrocutionarepossiblehazardswithallweldingprocesses.在整个焊接过程中，触电和电击是可能存在的危害Therearetwodifferentareasofconcern.Exposedwiresontheweldinglead焊接端面上的裸线

Contactwiththeelectrodeandtheworkpiece.电极和工件之间的连接Wetglovesorskin.湿的手套或者外套Thesecondaryside:次级方面WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全Whichismoredangerous?哪个更危险？ACCurrentorDCCurrent交流电或直流电InGMAW,ACcurrentismoredangerous.气体保护电弧焊中交流电是很危险的Paralyzesvoluntarymuscles.肌肉麻痹

ACistheprimarypowerforweldingwhichismuchhigherthantheoutputweldingcurrent.交流电主电源处电压比输出端高很多DCCurrentcancauseseverinternalburnsbutdoesnotparalyzemuscles.直流电能引起严重的内部燃烧，但不会使肌肉麻痹WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全WorkReturnLeadvs.Ground.工作回路引线和接地Theworkreturnleadisoftenreferredtoastheground.工作回路引线有点像接地。Workreturnandgroundingaretwodifferentthings.接地和工作回路引线是两种不同的事情。

WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全WorkReturnLeadvs.Ground工作回路引线和接地Groundingis:Acableattachedtoacopperroddrivenintotheground.电缆联接铜棒插入地下Itspurposeistocarryawaycurrentincaseofatransformerfault,powersurge,orstrayvoltage.它的目的将使在变压器故障,电力高峰及短路情况下把电流导入地下,WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全WorkReturnLeadvs.Ground工作回路引线和接地AWorkReturnLeadis:一个工作回路引线是Acableattachedtotheworkpiece.电缆被连接到工件上Itspurposeistocreateacompletecircuitforwelding.它的目的是使焊接时建立一条完全回路。WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全ConnectingtheWorkReturnlead.连接工作回路引线Properconnectionisveryimportantforseveralreasons.正确的连接是非常重要的，原因有以下几个1,TheweldingcurrentwillfindtheeasiestpathbacktothePowersource.焊接电流将容易找到返回到功率源的路径2,Possiblythroughthebuildingifthereisametalfloor.容易通过金属平台穿过建筑.3,Throughanattachedliftingdevicesuchasanoverheadcrane.通过一个附属的起重装置例如一架吊车4,Throughpowertoolsifthereareotheroperationsbeingperformedontheassemblyyouareweldingon.当在焊接时如果有组装的时候，通过一个手动工具。WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全Possiblecurrentreturnpaths.目前可能的返回路径Throughoverheadliftingdevices.通过起重设备Throughpowertoolsusedforotheroperationsonthesameunit.在同一个产品上操作时，通过电动工具Throughmetalplatesthatmaybeplacedinthefloorforotherfunctions.通过放在地上的金属板或类似物品WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafetyTips:电气安全提示PowerSource.电源Shouldbeinstalledandservicedbyaqualifiedelectricianormaintenanceperson.持有电工证的电工或则维修人员安装电源和维护。Avoidworkingnearprimarysidepowercables.避免在主要电源端附近工作。Neverrunoverprimarysideoranyotherpowercableswithaforklift.Also,becarefulnottodropheavyobjectsonpowercords.Damagetotheoutercasingcanresultandexposetheconductorunderneath.绝对不能使用叉车压住主要电源端和任何电源线。同样，小心不要掉重物在电源线上。破坏电器箱将会是使导体裸露。WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全WeldingEquipment.焊接设备Checkcablesforwornorcutinsulation.检查电源线是否磨损或者绝缘断开

Letyoursupervisorknowifdamageisfoundsomaintenancecanbecalled.如果发现破坏，通知你的主管让维修人员去修理WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全ProtectiveClothing.防护服Wearproperglovesthataredryandfreeofholes.穿那些干燥的且有通气孔的特制的手套Wearrubbersoledsafetyshoes.穿橡胶制作的安全鞋WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全WorkReturnLead:工作回路引线Makesuretheworkreturnleadisproperlyconnectednearthepointofweldingandmakesgoodelectricalconnection.确定工作回路引线是被正确的夹在焊接点的附近和确保有好的电气连接。Donotplacethepowersourceonafloorthatcouldconductweldingcurrent.不要将电源放置在能导电的地面上Neverleaveanoverheadcraneorotherliftingdeviceconnectedtotheassemblybeingwelded.Currentcantravelbackthroughthesedevicesandcauseveryseriousdamage.不要把吊机或是其它起重设备连接在正在焊接的产品上。通过这些设备电流能够回流，也能引起非常严重的破坏WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyElectricalSafety:电气安全IncaseofElectricalShock.假如发生电击Ifpossible,turnthepoweroffimmediately.如有可能，立即关闭电源Donottrytopullthevictimfreewhileincontactwiththeelectricalpower.不要试图去推开那些正触电的受害者ActivatetheEMS(emergencymedicalsystem),call911.Alertfirstrespondersaccordingtoprotocolspostednearthephonesintheshop.启动急救系统，呼叫120

。向厂房里电话边张贴的负责人提供警报。WeldingHealthandSafetyElectWeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:电弧辐射

Theweldingarcemitsthreetypesofradiation.焊接时有三种辐射产生Ultraviolet–UV紫外线Visible可见光Infrared-(IR)红外线WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRWeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:ShortwavelengthUVcauses“Arceye”or“Weldersflash”短波紫外线引起的眼病.UVintherangeof300-400Nano-Meters(NM)hasbeenassociatedwiththeformationofcataracts.紫外线引起白内障InfraredandVisiblelightcancauseburnsandretinallesions.红外线和可见光损坏视网膜WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRThemostcommontypeofeyeinjuryfromradiationis“arceye”or“weldersflash”.最常见的眼病，从辐射是“红眼”或“电光性眼炎”Severalhoursafterexposure,you’reeyeswillfeellikethereissandinthemandwillberedandswollen.眼睛曝光几个小时后，会觉得像有沙子，他们将变红和肿胀Theeffectsareshortlivedandcanbetreatedbyavisittotheemergencyroomwheredropscanbeadministeredtocorrectthiscondition.影响是短暂的。到急诊室处理有助于缓解和改善这样的状况。However,theeyescanbepermanentlydamagedbyintenseexposureovertime.然而，曝光时间过长的话，视力将会永久的伤害。

ClearPlasticlensesandsideshieldswillblockshortwaveUVandhelpavoidexposure.透明胶镜片将阻止短波紫外线，并有助于避免曝光.WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:电弧辅射ThemostcommontypeofeyeinUVintherangeof300to400Nano-Meters,Infrared,andvisiblelightarenotblockedbyclearplastic.Thecorrectshadeoffilterplateneedstobeusedtopreventexposure.透明胶镜片不可以拦住300~400纳米范围的紫外线，红外线和可见光的。需要选用正确的滤光片来防止曝光。

Thefollowingslideisachartofrecommendedfilterplateshadesfordifferentweldingprocessesandcurrentlevels.以下说明不同的焊接时需要不同滤光片的种类WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:电弧辅射UVintherangeof300to400WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:电弧辅射WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRArcradiationcancauseaconditionverymuchlikesunburn.电弧辅射可能导致很多象晒斑的情况Thehazardisincreasedbyhigheramperageandargonbasedgas.更高的安培数和氩气体会增加危险

Properweldingclothessuchassleeves,capesleeves,aprons,andahelmetshouldbewornforprotection.穿适当的焊接服装例如袖子，护袖，围裙，头盔将保护身体。

Screensandprotectivebarriersshouldbeinplacetoprotectnon-weldersinthearea.防晒霜和防护墙在焊接区域应该是保护非焊工。

Sunscreencanbeusedtoprotectexposedskin.

防晒霜可以被用于保护暴露的皮肤

WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:电弧辅射ArcradiationcancauseacondHighlyreflectivematerialssuchasaluminum,stainlesssteel,andgalvanizedincreasetheriskofexposure.高度反射性材料例如铝，不锈钢和镀锌增加曝光的风险

Arcradiationisreflectedoffthesematerialsandcausesinjurytothebackoftheneckorotherexposedareas.弧辐射被反射这些材料并且造成伤害到脖子或其他被暴露的区域的后面

Properclothingorsunscreencanhelpeliminateorminimizetheexposure.适当的衣物或遮阳霜可能帮助消灭或使曝光减到最小

WeldingHealthandSafetyArcRadiation:电弧辅射HighlyreflectivematerialssuWeldingHealthandSafetyFumesandGassesinWelding:焊接中的烟尘和废气CausesofFumesandGasses.烟尘和废气产生的原因WeldingHealthandSafetyFumesWeldingHealthandSafetyFumesandGassesinWelding:焊接中的烟尘和废气Becauseofthevariablesinfumeandgasgenerationwithdifferentweldingprocesses,wewillneedtotreatthesubjectinaverygeneralizedway.由于发烟和气体不同的焊接过程产生不同烟和气，我们将需要制定一个广泛的方式对待这个问题Fumeandgassescanbehazardousifproperventilationisnotused.如果没有适当的空气流动，发烟和气体是很危害的WeldingHealthandSafetyFumesWeldingHealthandSafetyContaminantsintheweldplume:焊接中的污染物Particulatematterintheweldplumegivestheplumeit’scolor.特殊的物质在焊接中产生它自己特有的颜色。Theparticulateiscomposedprimarilyofoxidizedfillermetal,basemetal,andanycoatingsfoundonthebasemetal.微粒物质主要由被氧化的填充金属、母材和所有覆盖在母材上的东西。Weldersshouldtakecaretoavoidbreathingthefumesbecauseofthepotentialassociatedhealthhaza